JPH05214560A - Sliding member and vane type compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To satisfy all of the seizing resistance and wear resistance of a sliding member and the wear resistance of a mating member when the sliding member is slid with the mating member constituted of an Al series alloy and to prevent the deterioration in the strength and hardness of a base material. CONSTITUTION:A plated layer having a compsn. of, by weight, 0.3 to 1.0% P and 2 to 11% Fe, and the balance Ni is formed at least on the sliding face of a base material constituted of an Al series alloy via a base plated layer. P and Fe are suitably balanced in Ni. Moreover, because the plated layer is not subjected to heating treatment, the strength and hardness of the base material are not deteriorated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sliding member and a vane type compressor, and more specifically, a sliding member that slides on a mating member made of an aluminum alloy, and the sliding member is applied.
The present invention relates to a vane compressor including a vane that slides with a cylinder made of an aluminum alloy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, a plurality of vanes, a rotor into which each vane is fitted into each vane groove, a cylinder surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the rotor, and side plates fixed to both sides of the cylinder are provided. A vane type compressor having the same is known. This vane type compressor is used for a long time since it has a simple structure because the space surrounded by the vane, the rotor, the cylinder and the side plate causes a volume change with the rotation of the rotor to perform compression work. ing.

In recent years, sliding members and sliding members such as vane type compressors, reciprocating type compressors, compressors such as scroll type compressors, and various pumps, engines and the like slide. In the equipment provided with the mating material, the sliding member and the mating material are being made of aluminum (Al) alloy under the demand for weight reduction of automobiles and the like. For example,
In vane compressors, various studies have been made on forming main components such as vanes and cylinders from an Al-based alloy.

Conventionally, both the sliding member and the mating material are made of Al.
When it is made of an alloy, in order to avoid the so-called scatter phenomenon and ensure seizure resistance and wear resistance, a general base material (1) made of an Al-based alloy and a base material of this base material are used as sliding members. Means for adopting at least a hard Cr plating layer formed on a sliding surface (JP-A-1-182594) (2) Base material made of Al alloy and at least sliding surface of this base material There is proposed a means (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64-73185) that employs an electroless Ni-P plating layer formed in the above.

[0005]

However, the above-mentioned hard Cr
It was revealed that the sliding member having the plated layer is satisfactory in terms of seizure resistance and wear resistance, but is not sufficient in that it easily wears the mating material. Further, it has been clarified that the sliding member having the electroless Ni-P plated layer is satisfactory in that it is difficult to wear the mating material, but is not sufficient in terms of seizure resistance and wear resistance.

Further, the plating layer made of electroless Ni-P is generally formed by forming an amorphous film of about Hv 400 by an electroless plating method and then heat-treating this amorphous film to remove an intermetallic compound such as Ni ₃ P _4. It is formed, and the hardness thereof is increased to about Hv800 for use. Therefore, in the sliding member having such a plating layer, the strength of the base material made of the Al-based alloy is lowered by the heat treatment.

For example, in a vane type compressor, the tip of the vane has a relationship in which it repeatedly collides with and slides on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. Further, in general, a cylinder is made of an Al-based alloy containing a large amount of silicon in a maximum amount of about 20% in order to improve wear resistance and strength. Improvements in the seizure resistance and wear resistance of vanes are desired. (1) The first problem to be solved by the present invention is that the sliding member is
When sliding with a mating material made of l-based alloy, it satisfies both the seizure resistance and wear resistance of the sliding member and the wear resistance of the mating material, and reduces the strength and hardness of the base material of the sliding member. To prevent it from happening. (2) A second problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the durability of a vane type compressor by applying a sliding member to a vane.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

(1) In order to solve the first problem, the sliding member of the first invention is a sliding member that slides on a counterpart material made of an Al-based alloy, and a base material made of an Al-based alloy, It is formed on at least the sliding surface of the base material through a base plating layer, and phosphorus (P): 0.3 to 1.0 wt%, iron (Fe): 2 to 11
% By weight, nickel (Ni): a balance of the composition of the plating layer. (2) In order to solve the second problem, a vane compressor according to the second aspect of the present invention includes a cylinder made of an Al-based alloy and a vane that is fitted into a rotor and slides on the cylinder. The vane is formed of a base material made of an Al alloy and at least a sliding surface of the base material against the cylinder via an undercoat plating layer. P: 0.3 to 1.0% by weight, Fe: 2 to 11 %, Ni: A plating layer having the composition of the balance is used.

The counter material and the cylinder are made of an Al alloy. As the Al-based alloy, an Al-Si-based alloy containing approximately 10 to 30% by weight of silicon (Si), Al-Si-M.
An Alzir alloy such as a g-based alloy or an Al-Si-Cu-Mg-based alloy can be adopted. The sliding members and vanes are
It is composed of a base material made of an Al-based alloy and a plating layer formed on at least the sliding surface or the sliding surface against the cylinder of the base material with a base plating layer interposed therebetween.

As the Al-based alloy of the base material, the same Alzir alloy as the above-mentioned mating material or cylinder can be adopted. The base plating layer may be made of Ni, Cu, or the like, but may be directly plated. The plating layer is P: 0.3 to 1.0% by weight, F
e: 2 to 11% by weight, Ni: the balance composition. When P is less than 0.3% by weight, the effect of improving the hardness and wear resistance of the plating layer is small, and when P is more than 1.0% by weight, the plating layer becomes brittle and the impact strength is low. descend. F
If the content of e is less than 2% by weight, the effect of improving the hardness and wear resistance of the plating layer is small, and if the content of Fe exceeds 11% by weight, the seizure resistance and the corrosion resistance decrease.

The plating layer can be formed by an electroplating method. The thickness of this plating layer is preferably 5 μm or more. When the rotor of the vane compressor is also made of the same Al-based alloy as the cylinder, a plating layer can be formed on the sliding surface of the vane with respect to the rotor.

[0012]

[Action]

(1) As a result of earnest research, the present inventors have found that when a sliding member having a base material made of an Al-based alloy slides on a mating material made of an Al-based alloy, the strength and hardness of the base material are not lowered. It was discovered that the Ni-P-Fe plating layer of No. 2 satisfies all of the seizure resistance, the wear resistance, and the wear resistance of the mating material, and has completed the first invention.

That is, P and Fe in Ni in the plating layer improve hardness and wear resistance. On the other hand, the plating layer becomes brittle when the amount of P is too much in Ni, and the impact strength is lowered, and the seizure resistance and the corrosion resistance are lowered when too much Fe is contained in Ni. In the sliding member of the first aspect of the present invention, these P and F
e is a suitable balance in Ni.
Further, since the unique Ni-Fe-P plated layer formed on the base material is not heat-treated, the strength and hardness of the base material made of the Al-based alloy are not reduced. (2) Further, based on the above first invention, the present inventors
When a vane having a base material made of an l-based alloy slides on a cylinder made of an Al-based alloy, a unique Ni-Fe-P plated layer that does not reduce the strength and hardness of the base material has seizure resistance and wear resistance. It has been found that both the wear resistance and the wear resistance of the cylinder are satisfied, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, in the vane type compressor having a vane whose sliding surface against the cylinder at the tip repeatedly collides with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and sliding, and which has a cylinder made of an Al alloy containing a large amount of silicon, If a vane having a Ni—Fe—P plating layer peculiar to the base material made of an alloy is used, the sliding surface of the vane against the cylinder is less likely to be worn by the hard silicon particles on the cylinder surface. For this reason,
The seizure resistance and wear resistance of the vane are improved. Further, due to the characteristics of the sliding member of the first aspect of the invention, the vane hardly wears the mating member, and the strength and hardness of the base material of the sliding member are sufficiently secured.

[0015]

EXAMPLES Examples 1 and 2 embodying the present invention will be described below along with Comparative Examples 1 to 3 through tests 1 and 2, and with reference to the drawings. (Test 1) A substrate having a predetermined shape was formed from an A390 alloy (composition: 17Si-4.5Cu-1Mg-Al) as a typical Al-based alloy. N is applied to this substrate by a known method.
A base plating layer made of i was formed. In addition, a plating solution having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.

[0016] Using this plating solution, a plating layer of 30 μ was formed on the above base material under the conditions of a temperature of 60 ° C., a pH of 3.5, and a current density of 3 A / dm ^3.
It was formed to a thickness of m to obtain a sliding member of Example 1. In this sliding member, the plating layer was Ni: 95.5% by weight, Fe:
It had a composition of 3.7% by weight and P: 0.8% by weight, and had a hardness Hv650. [Evaluation of seizure resistance] The seizure resistance of the sliding member of Example 1 was confirmed. At this time, a sliding member (Comparative Example 1) in which a hard Cr plating layer was formed on a base material made of A390 alloy, and A3
The seizure resistance was similarly confirmed for the sliding member (Comparative Example 2) in which the electroless Ni-8 wt% P plating layer was formed on the base material made of 90 alloy. The seizure resistance was evaluated by the testing machine shown in FIG. In this testing machine, a rotary disc 52 made of an A390 alloy rotates together with a lubricating pad 51, and a test sample S is sandwiched by a load pad 53 provided so as to face the rotary disc 52, and the rotary disc 52 and the test sample S are sandwiched. And slide. The test conditions are as follows.

Test Sample S: Sliding Member of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Load on Pad 53 for Loading by Hydraulic Cylinder: 40 k
Up every g (however, up to 0-200 kg every 10 minutes, above 240 kg every 20 minutes) Lubrication to lubrication pad 51: Refrigerating machine oil is supplied at 10 cc / min Sliding speed of rotating disk 52 : 15 m / sec Judgment: Seizure limit load (kg) at the time when the friction coefficient sharply rises. The results are shown in FIG. From FIG. 1, the sliding member of Example 1 is
It shows that seizure resistance equivalent to that of the sliding member of Comparative Example 1 is exhibited, which is satisfactory. On the other hand, it can be seen that the sliding member of Comparative Example 2 does not exhibit satisfactory seizure resistance. [Evaluation of wear resistance and mating material wear resistance] The wear resistance of the sliding members of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and the mating material wear resistance were confirmed. The wear resistance and the wear resistance of the mating material were evaluated by the above tester. The test conditions are as follows.

Test Sample S: Sliding member of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Load on the load pad 53 by the hydraulic cylinder: 200
Up to kg, increase by 40kg every 10 minutes, 280kg
Up by 40kg every 20 minutes until 2 at 280kg
Hold for 0 hours Lubrication to lubrication pad 51: Supplying refrigerating machine oil at 10 cc / min Sliding speed of rotating disk 52: 5 m / sec Judgment: Abrasion amount of plating layer after test (mg / cm ² ) and mating material Abrasion amount of rotating disk 52 (μm) Sliding speed of rotating disk: 5 m / sec The results are shown in Table 2.

[0019] From Table 2, the sliding member of Example 1 exhibits wear resistance equivalent to that of the sliding member of Comparative Example 1, and at the same time, wear resistance of the mating member equivalent to that of the sliding member of Comparative Example 2 I know that I can do it. On the other hand, it can be seen that the sliding member of Comparative Example 2 does not exhibit satisfactory wear resistance and the sliding member of Comparative Example 1 does not exhibit satisfactory wear resistance of the mating member.

Further, in the sliding member of Example 1, since the plating layer was formed without performing the heat treatment, the strength and hardness of the base material made of Al alloy was not lowered. [Evaluation of toughness] The sliding members of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were prepared, and Ni was placed on the base material made of A390 alloy.
A sliding member (Comparative Example 3) having a -25 wt% Fe plating layer was prepared, and the toughness of these Rockwell indentations was evaluated. The result of the sliding member of Example 1 is shown in FIG.
4 shows the result of the sliding member of FIG. 4, the result of the sliding member of Comparative Example 2 is shown in FIG. 5, and the result of the sliding member of Comparative Example 3 is shown in the photograph of FIG.

It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the sliding member of Example 1 has high toughness, is less likely to crack, and has a weak attacking property on the mating member. The same applies to the sliding member of Comparative Example 3 having the Ni—Fe plated layer shown in FIG. On the other hand, it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the sliding member of Comparative Example 1 having the hard Cr plated layer has low toughness, and thus cracks easily in the radial direction to easily wear the mating member. Further, from FIG. 5, it can be seen that the sliding member of Comparative Example 2 having the electroless Ni-P plating layer formed does not have sufficient toughness, and thus may crack concentrically and wear the mating member.

From the above evaluation, when the sliding member of Example 1 slides against the mating material made of an Al alloy, the seizure resistance, wear resistance and wear resistance of the mating material are It can be seen that the above results are satisfied and the strength and hardness of the base material are not reduced. (Test 2) Ferrous sulfate and sodium phosphite were increased / decreased in the plating solution in the above Example 1 to form plating layers of various compositions on a substrate made of A390 alloy to obtain a sliding member. Other conditions are the same as in Example 1. The hardness (MHv (50 g)) of these sliding members was confirmed. The results are shown in Fig. 7.

From FIG. 7, Fe in Ni in the plating layer
Shows that the hardness is improved, but a small amount of P more preferably improves the hardness. When P is less than 0.3% by weight, the effect of improving the hardness and wear resistance of the plating layer is small, and when P is more than 1.0% by weight, the plating layer becomes brittle and the impact is reduced. It is presumed that the strength decreases, and F
If the content of e is less than 2% by weight, the effect of improving the hardness of the plating layer and the improvement of wear resistance is small, and if the content of Fe exceeds 11% by weight, the seizure resistance and the corrosion resistance may decrease. It Therefore, it can be seen that the sliding member of the first aspect of the present invention favorably balances P and Fe in Ni. Example 2 The vane 22 shown in FIG. 10 was formed under the same conditions as in Example 1. The vane 22 includes a base material 221 and a plating layer 222 formed on the entire surface of the base material 221. The base material 221 is made of A390 alloy. The plating layer 222 is made of the same Ni-Fe-P as that used in the sliding member of the first embodiment. Further, a cylinder 1 made of an Al-Si-Cu-Mg-based alloy containing Si: 16% by weight is prepared, and Al: Si- containing Si: 12% by weight is prepared.
A rotor 20 made of a Cu-Mg based alloy was also prepared. Then, using the vanes 22, the cylinder 1, the rotor 20, etc., the vane compressor shown in FIG. 8 was assembled.

In this vane type compressor, a cylinder 1 having an elliptical through hole is housed and fixed in a front housing 11 and a rear housing 12 which are connected to each other, and openings at both ends of the cylinder 1 are a front side plate 13 and a rear side plate. A rotor chamber 15 is formed which is closed by 14 and has an elliptical longitudinal section. A drive shaft 18 is rotatably held in the shaft holes of the both side plates 13 and 14 via bearings 16 and 17, and one end of the drive shaft 18 is inserted into a shaft hole of the front housing 11 via a shaft seal 19. The driven portion of the electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is fixed to the tip thereof by penetrating and protruding. Further, a rotor 20 having a circular cross section is fixed to the drive shaft 18 so as to be disposed in the rotor chamber 15, and four rotors 20 are rotationally symmetrically arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 20, as shown in FIG. Vane grooves 21 are engraved, and four vanes 22 are held in each vane groove 21 so as to be capable of projecting and retracting in the radial direction. Then, four compression chambers 23 surrounded by the two adjacent vanes 22, 22, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 1 and the inner peripheral surfaces of both side plates 13, 14 are formed in the rotor chamber 15. Has been done.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a suction chamber 24 is formed between the front side plate 13 and the front housing 11, and an oil separation chamber 25 is formed between the rear side plate 14 and the rear housing 12. Has been done.
The suction chamber 24 is provided with a suction passage 26 that extends through the front side plate 13 and the cylinder 1 at a predetermined rotation angle position.
And the suction port 27 communicates with the compression chamber 23.
The compression chamber 23 has a discharge port 28 at another predetermined rotation angle position.
The discharge chamber 29 is communicated with the oil separation chamber 25 through a communication hole (not shown).

In the vane type compressor having the above-mentioned structure, the rotor 20 and the cylinder 1 which bear a large amount of weight.
Is made of an Al alloy, and the base material 22 of the vane 22 is
Since No. 1 is also made of an Al-based alloy, it is sufficiently lightweight. Then, due to the rotation of the drive shaft 18, the vanes 22 are
The sliding surface of the tip against the cylinder slides and collides with the cylinder 1. Further, the vane 22 has its side surface sliding against the rotor sliding on the rotor 20. At this time, the vane 22
The hard silicon particles on the surface of the cylinder 1 did not wear the sliding surface against the cylinder, and the hard silicon particles on the surface of the rotor 20 did not wear the sliding surface against the rotor. Further, this vane 22 did not crack even when it collided with the cylinder 1. Further, the vanes 22 did not wear the cylinder 1 and the rotor 20. Therefore, no abrasion powder was generated in the rotor chamber 15.
In addition, since the vane 22 does not perform heat treatment when forming the plating layer 222, the strength and hardness of the base material 221 are sufficiently ensured.

Therefore, in this vane type compressor, both the seizure resistance and wear resistance of the vane 22 and the wear resistance of the cylinder 1 and the rotor 20 can be satisfied, and the base material 221.
Since the strength and hardness of (1) were sufficiently secured, it exhibited excellent durability.

[0028]

【The invention's effect】

(1) As described in detail above, the sliding member of the first invention is
Since the base material made of an Al-based alloy and the plating layer having a predetermined Ni-Fe-P composition formed on at least the sliding surface of the base material, this sliding member is a counterpart material made of an Al-based alloy. When sliding, it is possible to achieve the effects of satisfying both the seizure resistance and wear resistance of the sliding member and the wear resistance of the mating material, and not reducing the strength and hardness of the base material of the sliding member. ..

Therefore, if this sliding member is used in various devices, in addition to the recent demand for weight reduction,
It is possible to secure excellent reliability by improving durability. (2) In the vane type compressor of the second aspect of the present invention, the vane is composed of a base material made of an Al alloy and a predetermined Ni-Fe-P composition formed on at least the cylinder sliding surface of the base material. Since it is composed of a plated layer, it is possible to realize weight saving, which is a recent demand, and to secure excellent reliability by improving durability. (3) Furthermore, since the sliding member of the first aspect of the invention and the vane compressor of the second aspect of the invention do not use Cr for forming the plating layer, there is an effect in terms of safety.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing seizure limit loads of sliding members of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a testing machine that tests seizure resistance, wear resistance of a sliding member and wear resistance of a mating member.

FIG. 3 is a 50 × photograph showing a metallographic structure in a Rockwell indentation of a sliding member of Example 1.

4 is a 50 × photograph showing a metallographic structure in a Rockwell indentation of a sliding member of Comparative Example 1. FIG.

5 is a 50 × photograph showing a metallographic structure in a Rockwell indentation of a sliding member of Comparative Example 2. FIG.

6 is a 50 × photograph showing a metallographic structure in a Rockwell indentation of a sliding member of Comparative Example 3. FIG.

FIG. 7: Weight% of Fe and P in Ni in the plating layer
It is a graph which shows the relationship between and hardness.

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of a vane type compressor according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a vane type compressor according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a vane in a vane type compressor according to a second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Cylinder 20 ... Rotor 2
2 ... Vane 221 ... Base material 222 ... Plating layer

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A sliding member that slides on a mating material made of an aluminum alloy, comprising a base material made of an aluminum alloy and a base plating layer formed on at least the sliding surface of the base material. Phosphorus: 0.3
˜1.0% by weight, iron: 2 to 11% by weight, nickel: a plating layer having the composition of the balance, a sliding member. 2. A cylinder made of an aluminum alloy,
A vane that is fitted into the rotor and slides on the cylinder is provided. The vane is formed on a base material made of an aluminum-based alloy and at least a sliding surface of the base material against the cylinder via a base plating layer. , Phosphorus: 0.3 to 1.0% by weight, iron: 2 to 11
% Vane, nickel: A vane type compressor characterized by being composed of a plating layer with the balance of nickel.