JP2593709B2 - Vane for rotary compressor - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a rotary compressor vane for compressing a gas such as a refrigerant gas or a liquid such as a hydraulic oil, and particularly to a cam ring or a rotor made of aluminum alloy. The present invention also relates to a rotary compressor vane having good sliding characteristics.

[Problems to be solved by conventional technology and invention]

Unlike the piston type, the vane type rotary compressor can suck, compress and discharge the fluid only by rotating the motor, so that it is very efficient. Therefore, it is widely used as various types of rotary compressors such as air conditioners.

This vane-type rotary compressor has a structure in which a rotor is usually installed in a cylindrical or elliptical cylinder, and vanes are slidably accommodated in a plurality of radial grooves of the rotor. An example of such a vane type rotary compressor is shown in FIGS.

The compressor includes a casing 1, a cam ring 3 having an elliptical inner peripheral surface housed in the casing 1, a pair of side blocks 2 a and 2 b for sealing both side ends thereof, and extends in the cam ring 3. It comprises a shaft 4 and a rotor 5 fixed to the shaft 4 and rotating inside the cam ring 3. The rotor 5 is provided with a plurality of vane grooves 6 in a radial direction, and a vane 7 is slidably inserted into each of the vane grooves 6. The casing 1 has a fluid inlet 11.
And the outlet 12 are provided.The inlet 11 is provided at the inlets 21 and 21 'of the side blocks 2a and 2b, and the outlet 12 is provided at the discharge valves 22 and 22' provided at the side blocks 2a and 2b. Communicating. Further, the casing 1 contains lubricating oil 14 and passes through the passages 24a, 24b in the side blocks 2a, 2b to enter the fan-shaped grooves 25, 25 'of each side block, thereby causing the vanes 7 in the respective vane grooves 6 to move. Pressing from inside.

In the vane type rotary compressor having such a structure, when the rotor 5 rotates in the direction of the arrow, the fluid that has entered through the suction ports 21, 21 'is compressed and discharged from the discharge valves 22, 22'.
This suction / discharge is continuously performed by the rotation of the rotor 5.

Such vane-type rotary compressors are frequently used for air-conditioning mounted on vehicles. However, front-wheel drive vehicles have increased in recent years, and many devices have been assembled together with the engine and transmission inside the hood, and the weight is concentrated at the front of the vehicle body. Therefore, from the viewpoint of weight balance of the vehicle body and improvement of fuel efficiency, there is a strong demand for a compressor installed in the hood to be lightweight and compact.

Conventionally, aluminum alloy has been used for the casing and vanes of the vane type rotary compressor, but in order to further reduce the weight, parts having a sliding part (cam ring,
For the rotor, the side block, etc.), it is necessary to form the parts with a lightweight material such as plastic or aluminum alloy. Since these parts are used under severe sliding conditions at a high operating temperature, it is considered that aluminum alloy is more suitable than plastic as a material, but it has not been put to practical use yet.

Therefore, in practice, flaky graphite cast iron is generally used for the cam ring because of its good sliding properties and machinability, and steel and iron-based sintered alloy are used for the rotor. . When a steel material is used in consideration of the connection between the rotor and the shaft, the rotor and the shaft are integrated. When an iron-based sintered alloy is used, the rotor is pressed into a steel shaft. Also, since the side block is required to have seizure resistance on the surface that slides on the rotor and the vane, flaky graphite cast iron and iron-based sintered alloy, which are materials having good oil retaining properties, are often used.

On the other hand, centrifugal force acts on the vane in addition to the pressing force of the lubricating oil as a force pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the cam ring. Therefore, the vane is required to be lightweight so that the frictional force with the inner peripheral surface of the cam ring is reduced. In addition, it must have good abrasion resistance in order to always be in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cam ring. For this reason, a high Si aluminum alloy which is lightweight and has excellent wear resistance is generally used at present.

However, compared to the iron-based materials used for the cam ring and the rotor, the high Si aluminum alloy has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 5 to 5.
Since it is as large as 9 × 10 ⁻⁶ / ° C., it is necessary to set a large clearance between the vane and the side block and a clearance between the vane and the vane groove. For this reason, when the temperature at the initial stage of operation is low, there is a problem that the compression efficiency of the compressor is reduced.

Moreover, in order to secure the clearance, it is necessary to manufacture and control each part with strict dimensional accuracy, and it is necessary to assemble the compressor by fitting each part ranked according to the dimension. Therefore, there was a problem in terms of work efficiency.

Therefore, for the purpose of reducing the weight of the vane type rotary compressor and eliminating the above-mentioned problems, it is conceivable that sliding components (cam rings, rotors, side blocks, etc.) other than the vanes are also made of aluminum alloy.

However, when the cam ring is made of an aluminum alloy, there is a problem that abrasion and seizure occur between the cam ring and the vane, and particularly, the pressing pressure of the vane is high, such as at a low speed and a high load, and an insufficient oil film is formed between the sliding surfaces. Under normal use conditions, significant wear occurs on the inner peripheral surface of the vane and the cam ring. This problem cannot be solved even if the cam ring and the vane are made of a high Si aluminum alloy such as A390 alloy having excellent wear resistance.

Further, when the rotor is made of an aluminum alloy, there is a problem that abrasion and seizure occur on the sliding contact surface. This problem is somewhat alleviated by using a high-Si aluminum alloy with excellent wear resistance as the aluminum alloy for the rotor, but since there is often no lubricating oil film on the sliding surface at startup, The damage generated on the sliding surface due to the repetition increases, and eventually burning occurs. Further, under a use condition such as a gas shortage operation in which the amount of the refrigerant gas decreases and the supply amount of the lubricating oil to the sliding surface decreases, the burning occurs in a short time.

As described above, in the conventional aluminum alloy vane, the main components of the vane type rotary compressor (particularly, the rotor and the cam ring) are made of aluminum alloy, despite its light weight effect, which causes wear and seizure. Due to a problem, it was not realized.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a vane-type rotary compressor having good sliding characteristics which does not cause problems such as wear and seizure even when main components (particularly the rotor and the cam ring) are made of aluminum alloy for the purpose of weight reduction. To provide an aluminum alloy vane.

[Means for solving the problem]

As a result of intensive studies in view of the above objects, the present inventors have determined that the vane base material is a high-hardness aluminum alloy having a specific composition, the vane base material has a specific thickness and hardness, and has high hardness particles or a self-lubricating function. By providing a nickel-based plating layer in which particles having particles are dispersed, even if each component other than the vane of the vane type rotary compressor is made of aluminum alloy, the problem of wear and seizure due to sliding between the vane and each component is reduced. The inventor has discovered that this does not occur and arrived at the present invention.

That is, the vanes for the rotary compressor of the present invention are Fe, M
n, Ni, Cr, Co, containing at least one of transition elements of V and Mo in a total of 5 to 10% by weight, made of an aluminum alloy having a Rockwell hardness B (H _R B) of 85 or more, Particles having a thickness of 3 to 30 μm, a micro Vickers hardness (H _MV ) of 400 to 1000, and high hardness particles or a self-lubricating function are provided on at least the sliding surface with the cam ring and the sliding surface with the rotor. And a plating layer mainly composed of nickel dispersed therein is provided.

In particular, the vane for a rotary compressor of the present invention has higher sliding characteristics by dispersing particles having high hardness or a self-lubricating function having a particle size of 0.1 to 5.0 μm in an area ratio of 5 to 40% in a plating layer. Can be provided.

Further, the hardness of the plating layer can be further increased by adding 1 to 10% by weight of phosphorus as necessary to the plating layer of the vane for the rotary compressor of the present invention.

 The present invention will be described in detail below.

The base material of the vane for the rotary compressor of the present invention is Fe, Mn, N
i, Cr, Co, containing 5 to 10 wt% combined of at least one of the transition elements of V and Mo, consisting H _R B85 or aluminum alloy.

85 and smaller in hardness H _R B, by load applied at the time of sliding, occur collapse of the plating layer, peeling of the plating film tends to occur. Further, it is necessary to maintain substantially the same hardness even when a heat load is applied.However, in order to increase the hardness of the aluminum alloy and prevent a decrease in the hardness when the heat load is applied as described above, The above transition elements are required.

If the total amount of the transition elements is less than 5% by weight, the heat resistance is insufficient and the reduction in hardness cannot be prevented under the condition where a thermal load is applied. And the plating film is apt to peel off. If the content exceeds 10% by weight, the heat resistance is sufficient, but hot extrusion becomes difficult and the productivity is reduced. Therefore, the range must be 5 to 10% by weight. Preferably it is 5 to 8% by weight in total.

 Among the above transition elements, Fe is particularly preferable.

The vane matrix aluminum alloy of the present invention further comprises
Contains Si, Cu, and Mg. Si is effective in increasing the hardness of an aluminum alloy, and both Cu and Mg increase the hardness by imparting age hardening properties, increase the mechanical strength, and contribute to the improvement of wear resistance. For the purpose of the present invention, Si
14-22% by weight, Cu 3-5% by weight, Mg 0.5-1.5% by weight
It is preferred that

Further, the vane for a rotary compressor according to the present invention is preferably composed mainly of Ni having excellent wear resistance in which high hardness particles or particles having a self-lubricating function are dispersed on at least a sliding surface with a cam ring and a sliding surface with a rotor. Having a plating layer. The thickness of the plating layer is 3 to 30 μm. If it is thinner than 3 μm, it cannot withstand long-term wear.

The hardness of the plating layer is from 400 to 1,000 in H _MV. 400 hardness
If it is less than 1,000, the abrasion resistance is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 1,000, the plating layer becomes brittle and tends to peel off from the base material. A particularly preferred range of hardness is 550 to 900 in H _MV.

Further, in the present invention, in order to further improve the seizure resistance and wear resistance of the plating layer, high hardness particles are dispersed as an essential component in the plating layer.

As the high hardness particles, hard ceramic particles such as Al ₂ O ₃ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , TiN and diamond can be used.

When high hardness particles are contained, the smaller the particle size and the higher the content, the higher the hardness of the plating layer and the higher the abrasion resistance. However, if the particle size is too small, it is difficult to disperse in the plating layer. Therefore, the particle size is set to 0.1 to 5 μm. Also,
If the content of the particles in the plating layer is 5% or less in area ratio, the wear resistance is insufficient, and if it exceeds 40%, the plating layer becomes brittle and easily peels off from the base material. And

In the present invention, in order to provide the plating layer with a self-lubricating function, particles having a self-lubricating function may be dispersed in the plating layer instead of the high hardness particles. As such particles, particles such as graphite, MoS ₂ , and BN can be used.

When particles having a self-lubricating function are contained, the particles are difficult to disperse if the particle size is too small or too large, so that the particle size is set to 0.1 to 5 μm as in the case of the high hardness particles. When the content in the plating layer is 5% or less in area ratio, the wear resistance is insufficient, and when the content exceeds 40%, the strength of the plating layer is reduced. Is preferred.

Under high load sliding conditions, the dispersion of high hardness ceramic particles tends to have better wear resistance than particles having a self-lubricating function.

Further, in the present invention, other elements such as P and Co may be added as components of the plating layer in order to enhance the toughness of the plating layer, adhesion to the base material, and wear resistance.

The P content is preferably 1 to 10% by weight. By adding P, the hardness of the plating layer is increased by the thermosetting treatment, and the wear resistance is improved. If the content is less than 1% by weight, the desired effect of improving wear resistance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the hardness increases, but the plating layer becomes brittle and easily peels off from the base material.

The Co content is preferably from 10 to 40% by weight. When Co is added, the toughness of the plating layer and the adhesion to the base material are improved. If the content is less than 10% by weight, the above properties cannot be sufficiently obtained, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, the effect is not remarkably changed and it is not economical.

The method for forming the plating layer as described above includes an electrolytic plating method,
Alternatively, either of the electroless plating methods may be used. However, the electroless plating method is more preferable because the plating bath deteriorates quickly, the control of the bath composition is complicated, and the cost increases.

(Operation)

By adding a transition element such as Fe, Mn, or Ni to the aluminum alloy, it is possible to prevent a decrease in hardness under a condition where a heat load is applied. Since such an aluminum alloy vane base material is provided with a plating layer mainly composed of nickel having good adhesion to the base material and high hardness, the vane slides with parts such as an aluminum alloy cam ring and a rotor. The abrasion resistance and seizure resistance at the time of performing are further improved.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following specific examples.

Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 In order to perform an abrasion test using a test device shown in FIG.
The following pin and drum were made. In FIG. 3, 31 is a pin, 32 is a drum, 33 is a weight, and 34 is a dripping nozzle.

Preparation of Drum An aluminum alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 below was prepared by a hot-top continuous casting method, subjected to T6 treatment, and then used as drums I and II.

Preparation of Pins An aluminum alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 above was obtained by compression-molding a rapidly solidified powder by an air atomizing method using a cold isostatic press, and hot-extruding the same. After subjecting this aluminum alloy to T6 treatment, 5mm x 5mm x 20mm
And a pin material having a curved surface with a tip of 6R.

This pin material was subjected to each plating as shown in Table 2 to obtain a pin.

In addition, each said plating layer was created as follows.

(A): Ni plating layer Treatment was performed at a bath temperature of 55 ° C. in a Watt bath containing nickel sulfate as a main component.

(B): Ni-SiC plating layer SiC fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.5 μm were suspended in the plating bath of (a), and the suspension was treated at a bath temperature of 55 ° C.

(C): Ni-P plating layer A plating solution containing nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, and sodium hypophosphite as main components is treated at a bath temperature of 60 ° C.
A curing treatment was performed at 200 ° C. for 1 hour.

(D): Ni—P—Si ₃ N ₄ plated layer The Si ₃ N ₄ fine particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 1.6 μm are suspended in the plating bath of (c) and treated at a bath temperature of 60 ° C. A curing treatment was performed at 1 ° C. for 1 hour.

(E): Ni-P-BN plating layer In the plating layer of (d), plating is performed in the same manner except that BN fine particles having a particle size of 1 to 5 μm are used in place of Si ₃ N ₄ fine particles having a particle size of 0.3 to 1.6 μm. And a curing treatment.

Each plating layer has a thickness of 40 to
The thickness of the plating layer was adjusted to 60 μm, and after plating, the lapping was performed with a grindstone to make the final thickness of the plating layer 10 to 17 μm.

In addition, in plating (b), (d) and (e) in which fine particles are added, the content of each additive in the plating film is as follows:
The area ratio was 12 to 17% irrespective of the type of plating solution or the type of particles to be added. The measurement of the area ratio was performed by an image analyzer.

Abrasion Test Abrasion tests were performed three times for each of the combinations of pins and drums shown in Table 3 below using a pin-drum type abrasion tester shown in FIG.

In FIG. 3, the pin 31 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the drum 32 under a constant contact load by the weight 33, and a paraffin-based refrigerating machine oil is dropped 500 cc / min as a lubricating oil from the dripping nozzle 34 on the contact surface. It is supposed to be. When the drum 32 is rotated in the direction of the arrow by a driving device (not shown),
The friction between the outer peripheral surface of the drum 32 and the distal end surface of the pin 31 having a curved surface of 5 mm × 5 mm × 20 mm and 6R wears the distal end surface of the pin 31 and the outer peripheral surface of the drum 32. Therefore, the wear amount of the pin was defined as the amount of wear at a fixed friction distance.
The test conditions were as follows.

Sliding speed: 5m / sec Sliding distance: 150km Load: 15kg The results are shown in Table 3.

As is clear from Table 3, in Examples 1 to 4, the amount of pin wear was smaller than in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 in which no surface treatment was performed. Comparative Example 3, since H _MV of the plating layer of the pin is less than 400, still the amount of wear of the pin are many. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, since H _MV particle but 400 or more having a high hardness particles or self-lubricating function of the plating layer of the pin is not dispersed, the amount of wear of the pin are many.

Examples 5 to 11 In order to carry out a durability test by sliding with the vane of the present invention, two kinds of aluminum alloys shown in Table 4 were used as cam ring materials, and four kinds of aluminum alloys shown in Table 5 were used as rotor materials. Each was subjected to T6 treatment. Note that the cam ring was manufactured by forming a cam ring material into a predetermined shape by machining.

In the aluminum alloy for rotor material shown in Table 5,
P is a billet having a diameter of 320 mm made of an aluminum alloy by DC casting, which is hot-extruded to form a rotor material, and Q, R, and S are hot-top continuous cast materials. (R is hot extruded without using a 70 mm billet as a rotor material, and Q and S were hot extruded as in P.) After cutting these rotor materials P to S, T6 treatment was performed. After providing two vane grooves by machining and forming them into a predetermined shape, the casting shaft was connected, and the outer diameter of the rotor, the groove, and the end face of the rotor were subjected to finish processing to obtain a rotor.

The hardness of the rotor material and the average grain size of eutectic or primary Si in the matrix were measured after T6 treatment. The results are shown in Table 5. The average particle diameter was determined as an equivalent circle diameter using an image analyzer.

Aluminum alloys having the six compositions shown in Table 6 were each subjected to hot extrusion molding, and the obtained molded product was cut, subjected to T6 treatment, machined and subjected to surface treatment to obtain a vane. The hardness of each vane is also shown in Table 6.

The aluminum alloys of the vane materials A, B, C, D and E are obtained by compression-molding a rapidly solidified powder obtained by air atomization with a cold hydraulic press and extruding the hot-pressed aluminum alloy. The alloy was formed into a billet having a diameter of 90 mm by a hot-top continuous casting method, and this was hot-extruded.

After cutting the vane base material shown in Table 6 and subjecting it to T6 treatment, it was plated to a machined shape to obtain a vane for a rotary compressor of the present invention. In the plating treatment, zincate treatment was performed after degreasing treatment with alkali, and nickel (Ni) -based composite plating and nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) -based composite plating were performed.

In Example 5-11, a nickel (Ni) composite plating using Ni-SiC plating and Ni-Si ₃ N ₄ plating, nickel - phosphorous (Ni-P) system Ni-P-SiC plating as composite plating, using Ni-P-Si ₃ N ₄ plating and Ni-P-BN plating.

Ni-SiC plating is performed using the Ni-S
The treatment was performed in the same manner as in the iC plating.

Ni-Si ₃ N ₄ plating is the same as the Ni-SiC plating
Except that the fine particles were Si ₃ N ₄ fine particles having a particle size of 0.2 to 1.5 μm,
Are the same.

Ni-P-Si ₃ N ₄ plating, Si ₃ particle size 0.3~1.6μm in Ni-P-Si ₃ N ₄ coating in the column of the creation of the pin
Except that the N ₄ particles and Si ₃ N ₄ particles having a particle size of 0.2 and 1.5 .mu.m, performs processing in the same way, Ni-P-SiC plating, Si ₃
Except that the N ₄ particles and SiC particles having a particle size of 0.2~1.5μm, N
Treated in the same way as i-P-Si ₃ N ₄ plating, and Ni-P-
The BN plating was performed in the same manner as the Ni-P-BN plating in the column of the above-mentioned pin preparation.

Each plating film is applied to the top surface of the vane that is in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cam ring and the side surface of the vane that is in sliding contact with the vane-groove surface.
The coating was performed so as to have a thickness of 50 to 80 μm. After that, a grindstone wrap was performed to a predetermined size, and a final plating film thickness was 5 to 12 μm.

The hardness of the plating film is nickel (Ni) based composite plating
An H _MV 450 to 500, nickel - were H _MV 700 to 750 with phosphorus (Ni-P) based composite plating. In each composite plating, the content rate of the particles was between 15% and 25% in area ratio regardless of the type of the plating solution and the type of the particles to be added. The measurement of the area ratio was performed by an image analyzer.

By the combination of the material and plating film shown in Table 7,
Each component of the compressor was prepared and a durability test was performed on an actual machine. The conditions of the endurance test are as follows: continuous operation at a rotation speed of 550 rpm, discharge pressure 28 kg / cm ² G, suction pressure 4 kg / cm ² G, overload state, monitor torque and oil contamination, stop when abnormal, The compressor was disassembled, and the sliding surface of each part was visually evaluated.

If there was no abnormality in the torque and oil contamination, the operation was stopped for 750 hours, and the same disassembly and investigation were performed. The results are shown in Table 8.

Comparative Examples 6 and 7 In Example 5, the Ni-SiC plating was changed to Ni plating (the same as the Ni plating of the pin synthesis example), and the Ni-P-Si of Example 8 was replaced.
₃ N ₄ except that plating was Ni-P plating (identical to the Ni-P plating of the pin Synthesis Example), constitute the compressor under the same conditions, were subjected to the same durability test as in Example 5-11. The results are shown in Table 8.

Comparative Examples 8 to 10 Compressors were constructed with the combinations shown in Table 7 except that the base materials were D and F, and the same durability test was performed. The results are shown in Table 8.

Comparative Example 11 A similar durability test was performed using the same compressor as in Example 5 except that a vane without plating was used. The results are shown in Table 8.

Comparative Example 12 Cam ring material Y, rotor material S, and vane base material F
, A compressor was constructed without plating the vanes, and a similar durability test was performed. The results are shown in Table 8.

As can be seen from the results in Table 8, Examples 5 to 11 were 750
I could drive for hours. In the results of the subsequent disassembly investigation, although the wear was slightly advanced, the wear was almost the same as that of the compressor in which each component was formed of the conventional iron-based material.

In Comparative Examples 6 to 12, the operation was stopped for 2 to 400 hours due to oil contamination. In addition, as a result of the disassembly investigation, many wears and scratches on the inner peripheral surface of the cam ring, the vane, and the rotor have been generated. Comparative example 1 with no plating applied to the vane
In cases 1 and 12, the stop time was extremely short.

In Comparative Examples 8 to 10 using a vane base material having a transition element content of 5% by weight or less, such as Fe and Ni, peeling was observed in a part of the coating in addition to abrasion and scratches.

〔The invention's effect〕

As is clear from the above description, the vane for a rotary compressor of the present invention has excellent sliding characteristics with an aluminum alloy. Was small, and the degree was almost the same as that of a compressor in which each part was made of a conventional iron-based material.

By using this vane, a lightweight and durable vane-type rotary compressor can be realized.

Further, since each component of the vane-type rotary compressor is made of an aluminum alloy, it is not necessary to set a large clearance between the vane, the rotor and the side block, and the compression efficiency of the vane-type rotary compressor is improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a vane type rotary compressor using the vane of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a side view showing an outline of a test apparatus used for the test. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Casing 2a, 2b ... Side block 3 ... Cam ring 4 ... Shaft 5 ... Rotor 6 ... Vane groove 7 ... Vane

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-16988 (JP, A) JP-A-64-32087 (JP, A) JP-A-63-154883 (JP, A) Jpn. , U)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, and contains 5 to 10 wt% combined of at least one of the transition elements of V and Mo, Rockwell hardness B (H _R B) is 85 It is made of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy, and its surface has a thickness of at least 3 to 30 μm on at least the sliding contact surface with the cam ring and the sliding contact surface with the rotor.
Has a micro Vickers hardness (H _MV ) of 400 to 1000,
A vane for a rotary compressor provided with a plating layer mainly composed of nickel containing high hardness particles or particles having a self-lubricating function. 2. A vane for a rotary compressor according to claim 1, wherein said plating layer has high hardness particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 5.0 μm dispersed in an area ratio of 5 to 40%. For rotary compressors. 3. The vane for a rotary compressor according to claim 1, wherein the plating layer has particles having a particle size of 0.1 to 5.0 μm and having a self-lubricating function dispersed in an area ratio of 5 to 40%. A vane for a rotary compressor. 4. The vane for a rotary compressor according to claim 2, wherein said plating layer contains 1 to 10% by weight of phosphorus.