JPH05202738A - Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05202738A JPH05202738A JP4011769A JP1176992A JPH05202738A JP H05202738 A JPH05202738 A JP H05202738A JP 4011769 A JP4011769 A JP 4011769A JP 1176992 A JP1176992 A JP 1176992A JP H05202738 A JPH05202738 A JP H05202738A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- heating chamber
- harmful substances
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical class [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 palladium metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は高周波エネルギを利用し
て加熱昇温させる高周波発熱体に関するものであり、自
動車などの内燃機関から排出される排気ガス中の炭化水
素、一酸化炭素などの有害物質の分解手段に利用される
ものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-frequency heating element that heats and heats by using high-frequency energy, and is harmful to hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, etc. in exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines such as automobiles. It is used as a means of decomposing substances.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】ガソリンを燃料とする自動車は排気ガス
中に含まれる炭化水素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物の排出
規制が強化される動きにある。これら汚染物質の浄化方
法の一つとして触媒による後処理方式があり、現在実用
化されている。この後処理方式に用いられる代表的な触
媒体としては空燃比を理論空燃比付近に制御することに
より炭化水素、一酸化炭素の酸化と窒素酸化物の還元を
同時に行い、無害な炭酸ガス、水蒸気、窒素に変換する
三元触媒があり、この三元触媒は主として乗用車に搭載
されている。2. Description of the Related Art Automobiles that use gasoline as a fuel are subject to stricter restrictions on the emission of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas. As one of the purification methods for these pollutants, there is a post-treatment method using a catalyst, which is currently in practical use. As a typical catalyst used in this post-treatment method, by controlling the air-fuel ratio near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and reduction of nitrogen oxides are simultaneously performed, and harmless carbon dioxide and steam , There is a three-way catalyst that converts to nitrogen, and this three-way catalyst is mainly installed in passenger cars.
【０００３】図５は乗用車に搭載されている従来の排ガ
ス浄化ユニットを示す。同図において、１はエンジン、
２は排気マニホールド、３は排気管、４は酸素センサ、
５は三元触媒体、６は三元触媒５を収納する容器、７は
排気温度センサ、８はマフラーであり、従来の排ガス浄
化装置は三元触媒体５と容器６から構成され、三元触媒
体５は排気マニホールド２に接続された排気管３の途中
に配置されている。三元触媒体５は特公昭５２−３３５
８号公報に開示されているように、シリカ、アルミナ、
マグネシアを主成分とするコーディエライトのセラミッ
クハニカム構造体からなる担体に表面積の大きいアルミ
ナなどの微粒子からなるコーティング層を設け、このコ
ーティング層に白金、パラジウム、ロジウムなどの貴金
属微粒子を担持して構成されている。FIG. 5 shows a conventional exhaust gas purifying unit mounted on a passenger car. In the figure, 1 is an engine,
2 is an exhaust manifold, 3 is an exhaust pipe, 4 is an oxygen sensor,
Reference numeral 5 is a three-way catalyst body, 6 is a container for housing the three-way catalyst 5, 7 is an exhaust temperature sensor, and 8 is a muffler. A conventional exhaust gas purifying apparatus is composed of a three-way catalyst body 5 and a container 6, and is a three-way catalyst. The catalyst body 5 is arranged in the middle of the exhaust pipe 3 connected to the exhaust manifold 2. Three-way catalyst 5 is Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-335.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 8, silica, alumina,
A carrier consisting of a cordierite ceramic honeycomb structure containing magnesia as a main component is provided with a coating layer of fine particles such as alumina having a large surface area, and the coating layer is loaded with precious metal fine particles such as platinum, palladium and rhodium. Has been done.
【０００４】エンジン１が始動すると燃焼による排気ガ
スは排気マニホールド２を通り排気管３の途中に設けら
れた排気ガス浄化装置に導かれる。この排気ガスは三元
触媒体５のハニカム構造を構成する各々のセルを通過し
て排気管３より大気に排出される。この時、空燃比は酸
素センサ４により理論空燃比付近に制御され、排気ガス
中に含まれる炭化水素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物は三元
触媒体５の酸化、還元反応により無害な炭酸ガス、水蒸
気、窒素に変換される。しかし、上記反応が起こるため
には三元触媒体５を触媒として機能する温度に昇温させ
る必要がある。この三元触媒体５は排気ガスの熱によっ
て加熱されるがコールドスタート時は触媒として機能す
る温度に到達するのに約１分要し、それまでは有害な排
気ガスが大気に排出されることになる。When the engine 1 is started, the exhaust gas produced by combustion passes through the exhaust manifold 2 and is guided to an exhaust gas purifying device provided midway in the exhaust pipe 3. This exhaust gas passes through each cell forming the honeycomb structure of the three-way catalyst body 5 and is exhausted to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 3. At this time, the air-fuel ratio is controlled near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by the oxygen sensor 4, and hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas are harmless carbon dioxide gas due to the oxidation and reduction reactions of the three-way catalyst body 5. , Converted to steam and nitrogen. However, in order for the above reaction to occur, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the three-way catalyst body 5 to a temperature at which it functions as a catalyst. This three-way catalyst body 5 is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas, but it takes about 1 minute to reach the temperature that functions as a catalyst at the cold start, and harmful exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere until then. become.
【０００５】上記有害な排気ガスの排出を低減するため
に、三元触媒体５の前面に三元触媒体５より容積の小さ
い金属からなるハニカム構造体（触媒を担持したもの）
を配置し、これを電気ヒータ、バーナなどの加熱手段を
用いて急速加熱し、触媒として機能する温度に到達する
時間を短縮する方法が検討されているがまだ実用レベル
に至っていない。In order to reduce the emission of the harmful exhaust gas, a honeycomb structure made of metal having a smaller volume than that of the three-way catalyst body 5 (having a catalyst) is provided on the front surface of the three-way catalyst body 5.
Has been studied, and a method of rapidly heating this using a heating means such as an electric heater or a burner to shorten the time required to reach the temperature at which it functions as a catalyst has not yet reached a practical level.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来の構成におい
て、触媒体は排気ガスによって加熱されるため触媒とし
て機能する温度に到達するのに約１分かかる。この状況
は現在の排気ガス規制をクリアしているものの、今後さ
らに強化される排気ガス規制に対しては上記コールドス
タート時の排気ガス中の有害物質の排出量（特に炭化水
素）が問題になり、現状の排ガス浄化ユニットでこれを
クリアすることは困難であるという課題があった。In the above conventional structure, the catalyst body is heated by the exhaust gas, and therefore it takes about 1 minute to reach the temperature at which it functions as a catalyst. Although this situation has cleared the current exhaust gas regulations, the emission amount of harmful substances (especially hydrocarbons) in the exhaust gas at the cold start becomes a problem for the exhaust gas regulations to be tightened in the future. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to clear this with the current exhaust gas purification unit.
【０００７】また従来の三元触媒体の前面に配置した金
属からなるハニカム構造体をバーナで加熱する方法は、
バーナの点火時、ミス着火時などに炭化水素が発生した
り、バーナを含めた燃焼構成部の信頼性が劣るなどの課
題があった。Further, the conventional method for heating a honeycomb structure made of metal arranged in front of a three-way catalyst body with a burner is as follows.
There have been problems such as the generation of hydrocarbons when the burner is ignited or misfired, and the reliability of the combustion components including the burner is poor.
【０００８】またバーナの代わりに電気ヒータを用いる
方法は大電力（大電流）を必要とするので電線が大きく
なり配線が困難となるとともに、別の駆動電源を必要と
するなど自動車電源から十分に供給することが実用的に
困難であるという課題があった。In addition, the method of using an electric heater instead of the burner requires a large amount of electric power (a large amount of electric current), which makes the electric wire large and makes wiring difficult, and requires another drive power source. There was a problem that it was practically difficult to supply.
【０００９】本発明は上記課題を解決するもので、高周
波によって排気ガス中に含まれる有害物質を分解する浄
化手段を急速加熱し、コールドスタート時の排気ガス中
の有害物質を低減できるとともに、高周波発生源の駆動
電源を自動車電源から十分に供給できる排気ガス浄化装
置の提供を目的としたものである。The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to rapidly heat a purifying means for decomposing harmful substances contained in exhaust gas by high frequency to reduce the harmful substances in the exhaust gas at the cold start, and to increase the high frequency. It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust gas purifying device capable of sufficiently supplying a drive power source of a generation source from an automobile power source.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記目的を達成
するため、内燃機関の排気ガスを排出する排気管の途中
に設けられた加熱室と、前記加熱室に高周波エネルギを
発生する高周波発振器と、前記加熱室に収納され、高周
波エネルギを吸収し熱変換により発生する熱で加熱され
る排気ガス中に含まれる有害物質を分解する第１の浄化
手段と、前記加熱室に収納され、第１の浄化手段の排気
ガスの流れに対し後方に配置された排気ガスの熱と前記
第１の浄化手段より発生する熱で加熱される排気ガス中
に含まれる有害物質を分解する第２の浄化手段とを備え
た構成としている。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a heating chamber provided in the middle of an exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and a high frequency oscillator for generating high frequency energy in the heating chamber. A first purifying unit that is housed in the heating chamber and decomposes harmful substances contained in exhaust gas that is heated by heat generated by heat conversion by absorbing high-frequency energy; Second purification for decomposing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas heated by the heat of the exhaust gas arranged behind the flow of the exhaust gas of the first purification means and the heat generated by the first purification means And means.
【００１１】また本発明は上記構成に加え、前記加熱室
に酸素を含む気体を供給する送風手段を備えた構成とし
ている。In addition to the above structure, the present invention has a structure including an air blowing means for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the heating chamber.
【００１２】また本発明は有害物質を分解する第１の浄
化手段として、セラミックからなる担体と、前記セラミ
ックからなる担体に担持された高周波を吸収して発熱す
る高周波吸収材料と、前記高周波吸収材料の表面及び空
隙に担持された有害物質の分解を助長する触媒と、前記
セラミックからなる担体と前記高周波吸収材料と前記触
媒を接着する無機質バインダとを用いた構成としてい
る。The present invention also provides, as a first purification means for decomposing harmful substances, a carrier made of ceramics, a high-frequency absorbing material which absorbs high frequencies and generates heat by being carried on the carrier made of ceramics, and the high-frequency absorbing material. The catalyst is used to promote the decomposition of harmful substances carried on the surface and voids, the carrier made of the ceramic, the high frequency absorbing material, and the inorganic binder for adhering the catalyst.
【００１３】また本発明は有害物質を分解する第２の浄
化手段として、金属またはセラミックからなる担体と、
前記担体に担持された有害物質の分解を助長する触媒と
を用いた構成としている。Further, according to the present invention, as a second purification means for decomposing harmful substances, a carrier made of metal or ceramic,
The catalyst is used to promote the decomposition of harmful substances carried on the carrier.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】本発明は上記構成によって、ガソリン車のエン
ジンが始動すると同時に高周波エネルギが第１の浄化手
段を収納している加熱室に給電される。このとき前記第
１の浄化手段は高周波を効率的に吸収し発熱する高周波
吸収材料と低温で有害物質を分解する触媒が担持されて
いるので、排気ガス中に含まれる有害物質である炭化水
素や一酸化炭素を分解する温度に短時間で上昇し、前記
有害物質を無害である水蒸気と炭酸ガスに分解させるこ
とができる。また前記第１の浄化手段において、セラミ
ックからなる担体に担持した高周波吸収材料のみが高周
波エネルギを吸収し発熱するので高周波エネルギを発生
するための消費電力を少なくすることができる。According to the present invention, the high-frequency energy is supplied to the heating chamber accommodating the first purifying means at the same time when the engine of the gasoline vehicle is started. At this time, since the first purification means carries a high-frequency absorbing material that efficiently absorbs high-frequency waves and generates heat, and a catalyst that decomposes harmful substances at low temperatures, hydrocarbons that are harmful substances contained in exhaust gas and The harmful substance can be decomposed into harmless water vapor and carbon dioxide by raising the temperature to decompose carbon monoxide in a short time. Further, in the first purifying means, only the high frequency absorbing material carried on the ceramic carrier absorbs the high frequency energy and generates heat, so that the power consumption for generating the high frequency energy can be reduced.
【００１５】一方、エンジンが始動して１分程度経過す
ると排気ガス温度が上昇するので第１の浄化手段は前記
有害物質を分解できる温度以上に保持され、高周波エネ
ルギによる加熱は必要なくなる。さらに第２の浄化手段
も排気ガスによる熱や第１の浄化手段から放出される熱
によって加熱され、前記有害物質を分解できる温度以上
に上昇する。したがって自動車が走行状態に入り、エン
ジン回転数が高くなることにより排気ガス量が多くなっ
ても、第１、第２の浄化手段が有害物質の分解機能を有
するので高い浄化性能を維持することができる。On the other hand, the exhaust gas temperature rises about 1 minute after the engine is started, so that the temperature of the first purifying means is maintained above the temperature at which the harmful substances can be decomposed, and the heating by the high frequency energy becomes unnecessary. Further, the second purifying means is also heated by the heat of the exhaust gas and the heat released from the first purifying means, and rises to a temperature at which the harmful substance can be decomposed or higher. Therefore, even if the amount of exhaust gas increases due to the vehicle entering a running state and the engine speed increasing, it is possible to maintain high purification performance because the first and second purification means have a function of decomposing harmful substances. it can.
【００１６】また前記加熱室に酸素を含む気体を供給す
る送風手段を設けた構成にすることにより、排気ガス中
の有害物質である炭化水素や一酸化炭素の分解に必要な
酸素を十分に供給することができる。したがって高周波
エネルギにより加熱された第１の浄化手段に前記送風手
段から酸素を含む気体を供給することによって、有害物
質の分解反応の進行を促進させることができ、より高い
浄化性能を得ることができる。Further, by providing the heating chamber with a blowing means for supplying a gas containing oxygen, oxygen sufficient for decomposing harmful substances such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas is sufficiently supplied. can do. Therefore, by supplying the gas containing oxygen from the air blowing means to the first purification means heated by the high frequency energy, the progress of the decomposition reaction of harmful substances can be promoted, and higher purification performance can be obtained. ..
【００１７】また第１の浄化手段に有害物質を低温で分
解する触媒を用いることにより、前述の有害物質の分解
反応をより低温で起こさせることができ、浄化性能が一
層向上するとともに、高周波エネルギの発生に必要な消
費出力をより少なくすることができる。Further, by using a catalyst for decomposing harmful substances at a low temperature in the first purifying means, the above-mentioned decomposition reaction of harmful substances can be caused at a lower temperature, the purifying performance is further improved, and the high frequency energy is increased. It is possible to further reduce the consumption output required for the occurrence of.
【００１８】また第１、第２の浄化手段に用いる担体を
セラミック繊維のハニカム構造体とすることにより熱容
量を小さくすることができるので、前記第１、第２の浄
化手段の昇温速度が速くなり前記有害物質の浄化性能の
向上に有利であるとともに、前記浄化手段の温度差を小
さくすることができるので熱的要因によるクラックの発
生を防止することができる。Since the heat capacity can be reduced by using a ceramic fiber honeycomb structure as the carrier used for the first and second cleaning means, the temperature rising speed of the first and second cleaning means is high. In addition to being advantageous for improving the purification performance of the harmful substance, the temperature difference of the purification means can be reduced, so that the generation of cracks due to thermal factors can be prevented.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を添付図面を参照して
説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【００２０】図１において、９は内燃機関の排気ガスを
排出する排気管、１０は排気管の途中に設けられた加熱
室、１１は加熱室１０内に収納され、排気ガス中に含ま
れる有害物質である炭化水素や一酸化炭素を分解する第
１の浄化手段、１２は加熱室１０内に収納され、排気ガ
スの流れに対し第１の浄化手段１１の後方に配置された
排気ガス中に含まれる有害物質を分解する第２の浄化手
段、１３は第１および第２の浄化手段１１、１２を支持
および断熱するための断熱材である。１４は加熱室１０
に給電する高周波エネルギを発生させる高周波発振器、
１５は高周波発振器１４から発生した高周波を加熱室１
０に伝送する導波管である。この導波管１５の加熱室１
０内の排気ガス流入側は高周波を遮断し、かつ排気ガス
を第１の浄化手段１１へ導入できるように多数のパンチ
ング孔を設けた構成としており、一方排気ガス流出側は
排気ガスを通過させるとともに、高周波を第１の浄化手
段１１へ給電するための開口部を設けた構成としてい
る。なお、前記開口部の周囲には排気ガスの圧力損失を
低減するために高周波を遮蔽できる多数のパンチング孔
を設けてもよい。１６は第２の浄化手段１２への高周波
の漏れを防止する高周波遮蔽手段であり、前述の多数の
パンチング孔を有する金属板あるいは多数の貫通孔を有
する金属のハニカム構造体から構成される。In FIG. 1, 9 is an exhaust pipe for exhausting exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, 10 is a heating chamber provided in the middle of the exhaust pipe, 11 is housed in the heating chamber 10 and is harmful to the exhaust gas. A first purification means 12 for decomposing substances such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide is housed in the heating chamber 10 and is contained in the exhaust gas arranged behind the first purification means 11 with respect to the flow of the exhaust gas. The second purifying means 13 for decomposing harmful substances contained therein is a heat insulating material for supporting and insulating the first and second purifying means 11, 12. 14 is a heating chamber 10
A high-frequency oscillator that generates high-frequency energy for powering
Reference numeral 15 designates a high frequency generated by the high frequency oscillator 14 in the heating chamber 1.
It is a waveguide that transmits to zero. Heating chamber 1 for this waveguide 15
The exhaust gas inflow side in 0 has a structure in which a high frequency is cut off and a large number of punching holes are provided so that the exhaust gas can be introduced into the first purifying means 11, while the exhaust gas outflow side allows the exhaust gas to pass therethrough. At the same time, an opening for supplying high frequency power to the first purifying means 11 is provided. In addition, a large number of punching holes capable of shielding high frequency may be provided around the opening to reduce the pressure loss of the exhaust gas. Reference numeral 16 is a high-frequency shielding means for preventing high-frequency leakage to the second purification means 12, and is composed of a metal plate having a large number of punching holes or a metal honeycomb structure having a large number of through-holes.
【００２１】エンジンから排出された排気ガスは図１中
矢印で示した方向から排気管９を流れ、第１の浄化手段
１１に流入する。流入した排気ガスに含まれる炭化水素
や一酸化炭素の有害物質は第１の浄化手段１１および第
２の浄化手段１２により分解され、浄化された排気ガス
は排気管９より大気に排出される。Exhaust gas discharged from the engine flows through the exhaust pipe 9 in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG. 1 and flows into the first purifying means 11. The harmful substances such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide contained in the inflowing exhaust gas are decomposed by the first purification means 11 and the second purification means 12, and the purified exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 9.
【００２２】図２は本発明の排気ガス浄化装置に用いら
れる第１の浄化手段１１の外観を示すものである。第１
の浄化手段１１の担体としては図２に示すようにセラミ
ックの隔壁により形成される多数の連通孔を有するハニ
カム構造体が適用される。このハニカム構造体からなる
担体はアルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニアなどのセラミック
繊維からなる多孔質シートのコルゲート加工やアルミ
ナ、シリカ、マグネシアを主成分とするコーディエライ
トのセラミック粉末の押し出し成形による加工によって
造られる。そして上述のハニカム構造体からなる担体に
高周波を効率よく吸収し発熱する高周波吸収材料と排気
ガス中の有害物質を低温で分解する触媒が担持される。FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the first purifying means 11 used in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention. First
As the carrier of the purifying means 11, a honeycomb structure having a large number of communication holes formed by ceramic partition walls is applied as shown in FIG. The carrier made of this honeycomb structure is made by corrugating a porous sheet made of ceramic fibers such as alumina, silica, zirconia or by extrusion of a ceramic powder of cordierite containing alumina, silica, magnesia as a main component. .. Then, a carrier composed of the above-mentioned honeycomb structure carries a high-frequency absorbing material that efficiently absorbs high frequencies and generates heat, and a catalyst that decomposes harmful substances in exhaust gas at low temperature.
【００２３】図３は前記高周波吸収材料、触媒が担体に
担持された状態を示す第１の浄化手段１１の一部断面図
である。同図（ａ）はハニカム構造を有する担体がセラ
ミック粉末から構成される場合であり、１７は前記担体
のセラミック隔壁を示している。このセラミック隔壁１
７は緻密であるので高周波吸収材料１８、触媒１９のほ
とんどはセラミック隔壁１７の表面に担持された状態に
あり、無機質バインダ２０によって前述の各材料が接着
されている。一方同図（ｂ）はハニカム構造を有する担
体がセラミック繊維から構成される場合であり、２１は
セラミック繊維を示している。セラミック繊維２１から
構成される担体は多孔質であるので高周波吸収材料１
８、触媒１９は前記担体の表面だけでなく、内部にも担
持された状態にあり、無機質バインダ２０によって前述
の各材料が接着されている。FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first purifying means 11 showing a state in which the high frequency absorbing material and the catalyst are carried on the carrier. FIG. 7A shows the case where the carrier having the honeycomb structure is made of ceramic powder, and 17 shows the ceramic partition walls of the carrier. This ceramic partition 1
Since 7 is dense, most of the high frequency absorbing material 18 and the catalyst 19 are carried on the surface of the ceramic partition 17, and the above-mentioned materials are bonded by the inorganic binder 20. On the other hand, FIG. 2B shows a case where the carrier having a honeycomb structure is composed of ceramic fibers, and 21 indicates the ceramic fibers. Since the carrier composed of the ceramic fibers 21 is porous, the high frequency absorbing material 1
8. The catalyst 19 is supported not only on the surface of the carrier but also inside the carrier, and the above-mentioned materials are bonded by the inorganic binder 20.
【００２４】第２の浄化手段１２は従来の三元触媒が適
用可能であり、ハニカム構造を有するセラミック担体に
表面積の大きなアルミナなどの微粒子からなるコーティ
ング層を設け、このコーティング層に白金、パラジウ
ム、ロジウムなどの貴金属微粒子を担持して得られる
（図示せず）。また、セラミック担体の代わりに酸化被
膜を形成した金属担体を用い、前記酸化被膜に前記触媒
を担持したものも適用できる。また、第２の浄化手段１
２として第１の浄化手段１１と同じ組成のものを用いて
もよい。ただし、高周波吸収材料はなくてもよい。A conventional three-way catalyst can be applied to the second purifying means 12. A ceramic carrier having a honeycomb structure is provided with a coating layer made of fine particles such as alumina having a large surface area, and platinum, palladium, It is obtained by supporting fine particles of noble metal such as rhodium (not shown). Further, a metal carrier having an oxide film formed thereon instead of the ceramic carrier and the oxide film carrying the catalyst can also be applied. Also, the second purification means 1
The same composition as that of the first purifying means 11 may be used as 2. However, the high frequency absorbing material may be omitted.
【００２５】次に本発明の排気ガス浄化装置における排
気ガス中に含まれる有害物質の分解による浄化プロセス
について説明する。Next, a purification process by decomposing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention will be described.
【００２６】ガソリン車のエンジンが始動するとエンジ
ンから排出された一酸化炭素や炭化水素などの有害物質
を含む排気ガスは排気管９を通り、第１の浄化手段１１
に流入する。エンジン始動と同時に高周波発振器１４が
制御部（図示せず）からの指令により高周波を発生さ
せ、この高周波は導波管１５を伝送して第１の浄化手段
１１を収納している加熱室１０に給電される。第１の浄
化手段１１を構成している高周波吸収材料１８が給電さ
れた高周波エネルギを吸収し、熱エネルギに変換される
ことによって第１の浄化手段１１が加熱される。このと
き第１の浄化手段１１には触媒１９が担持されており、
この触媒１９が前記排気ガス中の有害物質を分解できる
温度に上昇すると排気ガス中に含まれる酸素と反応して
無害である水蒸気と炭酸ガスに分解し、排気ガスは浄化
される。この浄化された排気ガスはマフラを通過して排
気管９より大気に排出される。When the engine of the gasoline vehicle is started, the exhaust gas containing harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons discharged from the engine passes through the exhaust pipe 9 and the first purification means 11
Flow into. At the same time when the engine is started, the high frequency oscillator 14 generates a high frequency in response to a command from a control unit (not shown), and this high frequency is transmitted through the waveguide 15 to the heating chamber 10 housing the first purifying means 11. Power is supplied. The high-frequency absorbing material 18 constituting the first purifying means 11 absorbs the supplied high-frequency energy and is converted into heat energy, whereby the first purifying means 11 is heated. At this time, the first purifying means 11 carries the catalyst 19,
When the temperature of the catalyst 19 rises to a temperature at which harmful substances in the exhaust gas can be decomposed, it reacts with oxygen contained in the exhaust gas to decompose into harmless water vapor and carbon dioxide gas, and the exhaust gas is purified. The purified exhaust gas passes through the muffler and is exhausted to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 9.
【００２７】本発明の第１の浄化手段１１としてハニカ
ム構造を有するセラミック粉末による担体を用いた場合
（図３（ａ））、高周波吸収材料１８と触媒１９は前記
セラミック担体の表面部に担持された状態になる。した
がって高周波エネルギの吸収が第１の浄化手段１１の表
面層だけになり、短時間で触媒１９を有害物質の分解可
能な温度に上昇させることができ、自動車エンジンの始
動時における排気ガス中に含まれる有害物質の浄化性能
を向上させることができる。When a carrier made of ceramic powder having a honeycomb structure is used as the first purifying means 11 of the present invention (FIG. 3 (a)), the high frequency absorbing material 18 and the catalyst 19 are carried on the surface portion of the ceramic carrier. It will be in a state of being stuck. Therefore, the high frequency energy is absorbed only by the surface layer of the first purifying means 11, the temperature of the catalyst 19 can be raised to the temperature at which the harmful substances can be decomposed in a short time, and the catalyst 19 is contained in the exhaust gas at the time of starting the automobile engine. It is possible to improve the purification performance of harmful substances that are generated.
【００２８】またセラミック担体としてセラミック繊維
２１を用いた場合（図３（ｂ））、高周波吸収材料１
８、触媒１９は第１の浄化手段１１の表面だけでなくそ
の内部にも担持される状態になるとともにポーラス構造
にすることができる。したがって第１の浄化手段１１は
発熱表面積、触媒表面積を増加させることができるとと
もに熱容量が小さくなるので第１の浄化手段１１全体を
短時間で触媒１９を有害物質の分解可能な温度に上昇さ
せることができ、有害物質の浄化性能をより高くするこ
とができる。When the ceramic fiber 21 is used as the ceramic carrier (FIG. 3 (b)), the high frequency absorbing material 1 is used.
8. The catalyst 19 can be carried not only on the surface of the first purifying means 11 but also inside thereof, and can have a porous structure. Therefore, the first purifying means 11 can increase the heat generation surface area and the catalyst surface area and also has a small heat capacity, so that the entire first purifying means 11 can be heated to a temperature at which the catalyst 19 can be decomposed into harmful substances in a short time. It is possible to improve the purification performance of harmful substances.
【００２９】また、第１の浄化手段１１を構成するセラ
ミック担体に高い高周波吸収特性を有する高周波吸収材
料１８を担持することにより、上述した第１の浄化手段
１１の加熱手段として高周波加熱方式を適用する場合
は、電気ヒータ加熱方式（金属ハニカム担体の加熱）で
同じ温度上昇を得る場合に比べ、１／３〜１／２レベル
の消費電力とすることが可能であり、高周波発生源の駆
動電源を自動車電源から十分に供給することができる。Further, a high-frequency heating system is applied as the heating means of the above-mentioned first purification means 11 by carrying the high-frequency absorption material 18 having high high-frequency absorption characteristics on the ceramic carrier constituting the first purification means 11. In this case, compared to the case where the same temperature rise is obtained by the electric heater heating method (heating of the metal honeycomb carrier), the power consumption can be reduced to 1/3 to 1/2 level, and the driving power source of the high frequency generation source can be used. Can be fully supplied from the vehicle power supply.
【００３０】高周波の吸収特性の高い高周波吸収材料１
８としては半導体材料が挙げられ、特に亜鉛、銅、マン
ガン、コバルト、鉄、スズ、チタン、ケイ素を主成分と
する酸化物、炭化物、および前記金属を含む複合酸化物
の少なくとも１種からなるものが適用される。上記材料
が高周波を吸収し熱変換する機構は明確ではないが、上
記半導体材料の持つ大きな誘電率と誘電体損失によって
高周波を吸収し、発熱するものと考えられる。High frequency absorption material 1 having high high frequency absorption characteristics
8 includes a semiconductor material, and in particular, at least one of zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, iron, tin, titanium, an oxide containing silicon as a main component, a carbide, and a composite oxide containing the metal. Is applied. The mechanism by which the above materials absorb high frequencies and convert them into heat is not clear, but it is considered that the semiconductor materials absorb high frequencies and generate heat due to the large dielectric constant and dielectric loss.
【００３１】また有害物質を低温で分解する触媒１９と
しては白金、パラジウム、ロジウムの貴金属、銅、マン
ガン、コバルトの酸化物、ペロブスカイト型複合酸化物
が挙げられ、これらの少なくとも１種がハニカム構造を
有するセラミック担体に、高周波吸収材料１８とともに
担持される。Examples of the catalyst 19 for decomposing harmful substances at a low temperature include precious metals such as platinum, palladium and rhodium, oxides of copper, manganese and cobalt, and perovskite type complex oxides, at least one of which has a honeycomb structure. It is carried together with the high frequency absorption material 18 on the ceramic carrier.
【００３２】また無機質バインダ２０は特に限定される
ものではないが、耐熱性、接着性に優れたアルミナ、シ
リカ、ジルコニアなどのコロイド粒子のものがよい。The inorganic binder 20 is not particularly limited, but colloid particles of alumina, silica, zirconia, etc., which are excellent in heat resistance and adhesiveness, are preferable.
【００３３】次に、本発明の第１の浄化手段１１の具体
的な実験例について述べる。担体として図３（ａ）に示
すセラミックハニカム構造体（コーディエライト、容積
２００ｃｃ、２００ｃｅｌｌ／ｉｎｃｈ2 ）、高周波吸
収材料１８として繊維状（ウィスカ）の炭化ケイ素、触
媒１９としてパラジウム、無機質バインダ２０としてア
ルミナゾルから構成される第１の浄化手段１１と、図１
に示す排気ガス浄化装置（高周波消費電力１.5kW）を用
い、排気ガスのモデルガスとしてプロピレン８００ｐｐ
ｍ濃度（流量８０ｌ／ｍｉｎ）として炭化水素分析計に
よるプロピレンの浄化性能を評価したところ、高周波給
電１分間において約７０％の浄化率が得られた。また、
高周波吸収材料１８である繊維状炭化ケイ素の代わりに
亜鉛、銅、マンガン、コバルト、チタン、スズ、鉄の各
酸化物、それらの混合物、それらの金属を１種以上含む
複合酸化物、チタン−ケイ素−炭素−酸素の化合物を用
いた場合もほぼ同等の浄化性能が得られた。また、触媒
１９であるパラジウムの代わりに白金、ロジウムなどの
貴金属やランタン、コバルトなどのペロブスカイト型複
合酸化物、銅、マンガン、コバルトの酸化物を用いた場
合、４０〜７０％の浄化率が得られた。Next, a concrete experimental example of the first purifying means 11 of the present invention will be described. A ceramic honeycomb structure (cordierite, volume 200 cc, 200 cell / inch 2 ) shown in FIG. 3A as a carrier, fibrous (whisker) silicon carbide as the high-frequency absorbing material 18, palladium as the catalyst 19, and an inorganic binder 20. A first purification means 11 composed of alumina sol and FIG.
Using the exhaust gas purification device (high-frequency power consumption 1.5 kW) shown in, propylene 800 pp as model gas for exhaust gas
When the purification performance of propylene by a hydrocarbon analyzer was evaluated as m concentration (flow rate 80 l / min), a purification rate of about 70% was obtained in 1 minute of high frequency power feeding. Also,
Instead of the fibrous silicon carbide that is the high-frequency absorbing material 18, oxides of zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, titanium, tin and iron, a mixture thereof, a composite oxide containing one or more kinds of those metals, titanium-silicon. Even when a carbon-oxygen compound was used, almost the same purification performance was obtained. Moreover, when a noble metal such as platinum and rhodium, a perovskite complex oxide such as lanthanum and cobalt, or an oxide of copper, manganese, and cobalt is used in place of palladium which is the catalyst 19, a purification rate of 40 to 70% is obtained. Was given.
【００３４】一方、担体として図３（ｂ）に示すセラミ
ック繊維２１よりなるハニカム構造体（アルミナ・シリ
カ繊維、容積２００ｃｃ、２００ｃｅｌｌ／ｉｎｃｈ
2 ）、高周波吸収材料１８として繊維状（ウィスカー）
の炭化ケイ素、触媒１９としてパラジウム、無機質バイ
ンダ２０としてアルミナゾルから構成される第１の浄化
手段１１と、図１に示す排気ガス浄化装置（高周波消費
電力１.5kW）を用い、排気ガスのモデルガスとしてプロ
ピレン８００ｐｐｍ濃度（流量８０ｌ／ｍｉｎ）として
炭化水素分析計によるプロピレンの浄化性能を評価した
ところ、高周波給電１分間において約８０％の浄化率が
得られた。また、アルミナ・シリカ繊維の代わりにジル
コニア繊維を用いたところ上記と同等の性能が得られ
た。On the other hand, a honeycomb structure made of ceramic fibers 21 shown in FIG. 3 (b) as a carrier (alumina / silica fiber, volume 200 cc, 200 cell / inch).
2 ), fibrous as high frequency absorbing material 18 (whiskers)
Model gas of the exhaust gas using the first purification means 11 composed of silicon carbide of No. 1, palladium as the catalyst 19 and alumina sol as the inorganic binder 20 and the exhaust gas purification device (high frequency power consumption 1.5 kW) shown in FIG. As a result, when the propylene purification performance was evaluated by a hydrocarbon analyzer at a propylene concentration of 800 ppm (flow rate 80 l / min), a purification rate of about 80% was obtained in 1 minute of high frequency power feeding. When zirconia fibers were used instead of alumina / silica fibers, the same performance as above was obtained.
【００３５】上述のハニカム構造を有するセラミック担
体は図３（ａ）、（ｂ）のいづれでもよいが、図３
（ｂ）に示したセラミック繊維で構成する方法が熱容量
を小さくすることができる（単位体積当たりの重量が小
さい）ので、昇温速度を速くすることができ、より優れ
た有害物質の浄化性能が得られる。また担体の温度差を
少なくすることができるので熱歪みが原因で起こるクラ
ックの発生を防止することができる。The ceramic carrier having the above-mentioned honeycomb structure may be either of FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
Since the method of using the ceramic fiber shown in (b) can reduce the heat capacity (the weight per unit volume is small), the temperature rising rate can be increased, and the more excellent purification performance of harmful substances can be obtained. can get. Further, since the temperature difference between the carriers can be reduced, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracks caused by thermal strain.
【００３６】なお、理論空燃比近辺でエンジンが運転さ
れる場合は排気ガス中の酸素濃度が極めて低いので、触
媒１９としては白金とロジウムまたはパラジウムとロジ
ウムの三元触媒組成とすることが好ましい。この触媒組
成にすることにより、排気ガス中の窒素酸化物と炭化水
素、一酸化炭素による酸化還元反応を起こすことがで
き、酸素不足の排気ガス雰囲気下でも有害物質を浄化す
ることができる。Since the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is extremely low when the engine is operated near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the catalyst 19 is preferably a three-way catalyst composition of platinum and rhodium or palladium and rhodium. With this catalyst composition, a redox reaction can be caused by nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas, and harmful substances can be purified even in an oxygen-deficient exhaust gas atmosphere.
【００３７】一方、エンジン起動後は排気ガス温度が除
々に高くなり、約１分経過すると第１の浄化手段１１は
排気ガス温度だけでも有害物質を分解できる温度以上に
上昇する。したがって高周波エネルギによる加熱は必要
なくなり、高周波発振器からの高周波の発振が止められ
る。通常、この時期自動車は走行状態に入っており、エ
ンジン回転数の増加により排気ガス量が増加し、第１の
浄化手段１１だけでは有害物質を十分に浄化できなくな
る。On the other hand, the exhaust gas temperature gradually rises after the engine is started, and after about 1 minute elapses, the first purification means 11 rises above the temperature at which the harmful substances can be decomposed only by the exhaust gas temperature. Therefore, heating by high frequency energy is not necessary, and high frequency oscillation from the high frequency oscillator is stopped. Normally, the vehicle is in a running state at this time, the amount of exhaust gas increases due to the increase in the engine speed, and the harmful substances cannot be sufficiently purified only by the first purification means 11.
【００３８】しかしながら、本発明の排気ガス浄化装置
は第１の浄化手段１１の後方に第２の浄化手段１２を配
置しており、この第２の浄化手段１２は排気ガスによる
熱や第１の浄化手段１１から放出される熱によって加熱
され、短時間で有害物質を分解できる温度以上に上昇す
る。したがって自動車が走行状態に入り排気ガス量が多
くなっても、第１の浄化手段１１と第２の浄化手段１２
の二つが有害物質の分解に機能するので高い浄化性能を
維持することができる。However, in the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention, the second purifying means 12 is arranged behind the first purifying means 11, and the second purifying means 12 has heat generated by the exhaust gas and the first purifying means 12. It is heated by the heat emitted from the purification means 11 and rises to a temperature above which it can decompose harmful substances in a short time. Therefore, even if the vehicle enters the running state and the amount of exhaust gas increases, the first purification means 11 and the second purification means 12
Since two of them function to decompose harmful substances, high purification performance can be maintained.
【００３９】図４は本発明の他の実施例における内燃機
関用排気ガス浄化装置の構成を示す。同図において、図
１と同一部材及び同一機能部材は同一番号で示してい
る。図１と異なる点は排気ガス浄化装置に酸素を含む気
体を供給する送風手段を設けた構成としていることであ
る。２２は加熱室１０に酸素を含む気体を供給する送風
手段であり、この送風手段２２は送風機あるいは各種ポ
ンプが適用され、前記気体は導風管２３を通り加熱室１
０に導かれる。また導風管２３の途中には前記気体の送
風を制御するバルブ２４が設けられている。このバルブ
２４は本発明の排気ガス浄化装置を使用しない場合はエ
ンジンからの排気ガスが送風手段２２へ流入しないよう
に閉鎖されている。２５は高周波を放射するアンテナで
あり、高周波発振器１４から発生した高周波は導波管１
５を伝送され、アンテナ２５より第１の浄化手段１１に
放射状に給電される。この場合、加熱室１０内部の導波
管１５は図１のように高周波を給電する開口部は必要な
く、排気ガスが通過でき、かつ高周波を遮蔽できる多数
のパンチング孔が設けられている。また２６はハニカム
構造を有する金属の成型体からなる第２の浄化手段であ
り、金属上に形成している酸化被膜に白金、パラジウ
ム、ロジウムなどの貴金属からなる三元触媒が担持され
ている。第２の浄化手段２６としてハニカム構造を有す
る金属の成型体を用いる場合、それ自身が高周波の遮蔽
機能を有するので図１に示す高周波遮蔽手段１６を設け
る必要はない。FIG. 4 shows the structure of an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same members and the same functional members as in FIG. 1 are indicated by the same numbers. The difference from FIG. 1 is that the exhaust gas purifying device is provided with a blower for supplying a gas containing oxygen. Reference numeral 22 is a blower for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the heating chamber 10. A blower or various pumps are applied to the blower 22, and the gas passes through the air guide tube 23 and the heating chamber 1
Lead to zero. A valve 24 for controlling the blowing of the gas is provided in the middle of the air guide tube 23. The valve 24 is closed so that the exhaust gas from the engine does not flow into the blower 22 when the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the present invention is not used. Reference numeral 25 is an antenna that radiates a high frequency, and the high frequency generated from the high frequency oscillator 14 is the waveguide 1
5 is transmitted, and power is radially supplied from the antenna 25 to the first purifying means 11. In this case, the waveguide 15 inside the heating chamber 10 does not need an opening for feeding a high frequency as shown in FIG. 1, but is provided with a large number of punching holes through which exhaust gas can pass and which can shield a high frequency. Reference numeral 26 denotes a second purifying means made of a metal molded body having a honeycomb structure, and an oxide film formed on the metal carries a three-way catalyst made of a noble metal such as platinum, palladium, or rhodium. When a metal molded body having a honeycomb structure is used as the second purifying means 26, the high frequency shielding means 16 shown in FIG. 1 is not necessary because it has a high frequency shielding function.
【００４０】排気ガス中の有害物質である炭化水素や一
酸化炭素を分解し、水蒸気と炭酸ガスに変換するために
は酸素が必要となる。しかし、理論空燃比近辺でエンジ
ンが運転される場合は排気ガス中の酸素濃度は極めて低
い状態にあり、上記反応がスムーズに行われない問題が
発生する。本発明では上記構成に示すように、送風手段
２２から加熱室１０に前記有害物質の分解に必要な酸素
を含む気体を供給することによって上記反応をスムーズ
に起こさせることができる。これによって排気ガス中に
含まれる炭化水素や一酸化炭素などの有害物質の浄化性
能を向上させることができる。なお送風手段２２から供
給する酸素が上記反応に必要な量よりも多くなると排気
ガス中の窒素酸化物の濃度が増加する傾向になる。した
がって供給する酸素の量は上記反応をスムーズに起こさ
せるのに必要な量に制御することが好ましい。Oxygen is required to decompose hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, which are harmful substances in the exhaust gas, and convert them into water vapor and carbon dioxide gas. However, when the engine is operated in the vicinity of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is extremely low, which causes a problem that the above reaction is not performed smoothly. In the present invention, as shown in the above configuration, the above reaction can be smoothly caused by supplying the gas containing oxygen necessary for the decomposition of the harmful substance from the air blower 22 to the heating chamber 10. This can improve the purification performance of harmful substances such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gas. When the amount of oxygen supplied from the blower 22 exceeds the amount required for the above reaction, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas tends to increase. Therefore, it is preferable to control the amount of oxygen to be supplied to an amount necessary for causing the above reaction smoothly.
【００４１】[0041]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明の内燃機関用
排気ガス浄化装置によれば、以下の効果が得られる。 （１）本発明における第１の浄化手段は高周波の吸収特
性に優れた高周波吸収材料を用いているので短時間で排
気ガス中に含まれる有害物質である炭化水素や一酸化炭
素を分解する温度に上昇し、分解反応によって無害であ
る水蒸気と炭酸ガスに変換することができる。したがっ
て自動車エンジンの始動時における排気ガス中に含まれ
る有害物質を浄化することができ、大気への有害物質の
排出を防止することができる。 （２）本発明の第１の浄化手段を構成するセラミック担
体に高い高周波吸収特性をもつ高周波吸収材料を担持す
ることにより、電気ヒータによる加熱方式（金属ハニカ
ム担体の加熱）で同じ温度上昇を得る場合に比べ、１／
３〜１／２レベルの消費電力とすることが可能であり、
高周波発生源の駆動電源を自動車電源から十分に供給す
ることができる。 （３）また第１の浄化手段の担体としてハニカム構造を
有するセラミック繊維を用いることによって、多孔質構
造とすることができるので熱容量が小さくなる。したが
って昇温速度が速くなり、排気ガス中の有害物質の浄化
性能を向上させることができるとともに、前記浄化手段
の温度差を少なくすることができるので熱的要因による
クラックの発生を防止することができる。 （４）第２の浄化手段が排気ガスによる熱や第１の浄化
手段から放出される熱によって加熱され、前記有害物質
を分解できる温度以上に上昇するので自動車が走行状態
に入り、エンジン回転数が高くなることにより排気ガス
量が多くなっても、第１、第２の両方の浄化手段が有害
物質を分解させることができ、高い浄化性能を維持する
ことができる。 （５）酸素を含む気体を供給する送風手段を設けること
によって排気ガス中の有害物質である炭化水素や一酸化
炭素の酸化分解に必要な酸素を第１の浄化手段に供給す
ることができる。その結果、炭化水素や一酸化炭素の酸
化反応の進行を促進させることができるのでより高い有
害物質の浄化性能を得ることができる。As described above, according to the exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Since the first purifying means in the present invention uses a high-frequency absorbing material having excellent high-frequency absorption characteristics, the temperature at which hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide, which are harmful substances contained in exhaust gas, are decomposed in a short time. And can be converted into harmless water vapor and carbon dioxide by the decomposition reaction. Therefore, it is possible to purify the harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas at the time of starting the automobile engine and prevent the emission of the harmful substances to the atmosphere. (2) By loading a high-frequency absorbing material having high high-frequency absorption characteristics on the ceramic carrier that constitutes the first purifying means of the present invention, the same temperature rise can be obtained by the heating method using an electric heater (heating of the metal honeycomb carrier). 1 / compared to the case
It is possible to reduce the power consumption to 3 to 1/2 level,
The driving power source for the high frequency source can be sufficiently supplied from the vehicle power source. (3) Further, by using a ceramic fiber having a honeycomb structure as a carrier of the first purifying means, a porous structure can be obtained, so that the heat capacity becomes small. Therefore, the rate of temperature rise is increased, the purification performance of harmful substances in the exhaust gas can be improved, and the temperature difference between the purification means can be reduced, so that the occurrence of cracks due to thermal factors can be prevented. it can. (4) The second purifying means is heated by the heat from the exhaust gas and the heat released from the first purifying means, and the temperature rises above the temperature at which the harmful substances can be decomposed. Even if the amount of exhaust gas increases due to the increase in the exhaust gas, both the first and second purification means can decompose harmful substances, and high purification performance can be maintained. (5) By providing the air blowing means for supplying the gas containing oxygen, the oxygen necessary for the oxidative decomposition of the harmful substances such as hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas can be supplied to the first purifying means. As a result, the progress of the oxidation reaction of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide can be promoted, so that higher purification performance of harmful substances can be obtained.
【図１】本発明の一実施例における内燃機関用排気ガス
浄化装置の構成図FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の一実施例における第１の浄化手段の外
観図FIG. 2 is an external view of a first purifying means according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の一実施例における第１の浄化手段の一
部断面図FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a first purifying means according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の他の実施例における内燃機関用排気ガ
ス浄化装置の構成図FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】従来の排ガス浄化装置の構成図FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a conventional exhaust gas purification device.
９ 排気管 １０ 加熱室 １１ 第１の浄化手段 １２ 第２の浄化手段（セラミック担体） １３ 断熱材 １４ 高周波発振器 １５ 導波管 １６ マイクロ波遮蔽手段 １７ セラミック隔壁 １８ 高周波吸収材料 １９ 触媒 ２０ 無機質バインダ ２１ セラミック繊維 ２２ 送風手段 ２３ 導風管 ２４ バルブ ２５ アンテナ ２６ 第２の浄化手段（金属担体） 9 Exhaust Pipe 10 Heating Chamber 11 First Purification Means 12 Second Purification Means (Ceramic Carrier) 13 Heat Insulation Material 14 High Frequency Oscillator 15 Waveguide 16 Microwave Shielding Means 17 Ceramic Partition 18 High Frequency Absorption Material 19 Catalyst 20 Inorganic Binder 21 Ceramic fiber 22 Blower means 23 Baffle tube 24 Valve 25 Antenna 26 Second purification means (metal carrier)
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｆ０１Ｎ 3/24 Ｄ 9150−3Ｇ 3/28 ３０１ Ｇ 9150−3Ｇ Ｐ 9150−3Ｇ Ｆ２３Ｊ 15/00 Ａ 6850−3Ｋ ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location F01N 3/24 D 9150-3G 3/28 301 G 9150-3G P 9150-3G F23J 15/00 A 6850-3K
Claims (9)
中に設けられた加熱室と、前記加熱室に高周波エネルギ
を発生する高周波発振器と、前記加熱室に収納され、高
周波エネルギを吸収し熱交換により発生する熱で加熱さ
れる排気ガス中に含まれる有害物質を分解する第１の浄
化手段と、前記加熱室に収納され、第１の浄化手段の排
気ガスの流れに対し後方に配置された排気ガスの熱と前
記第１の浄化手段より発生する熱で加熱される排気ガス
中に含まれる有害物質を分解する第２の浄化手段とを備
えた内燃機関用排気ガス浄化装置。1. A heating chamber provided in the middle of an exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, a high-frequency oscillator for generating high-frequency energy in the heating chamber, and a heating chamber housed in the heating chamber for absorbing high-frequency energy. First purification means for decomposing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas heated by heat generated by heat exchange, and arranged in the heating chamber, behind the exhaust gas flow of the first purification means. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising: the second purifying means for decomposing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas heated by the heat of the exhaust gas thus generated and the heat generated by the first purifying means.
中に設けられた加熱室と、前記加熱室に高周波エネルギ
を発生する高周波発振器と、前記加熱室に収納され、高
周波エネルギを吸収し熱交換により発生する熱で加熱さ
れる排気ガス中に含まれる有害物質を分解する第１の浄
化手段と、前記加熱室に収納され、第１の浄化手段の排
気ガスの流れに対し後方に配置された排気ガスの熱と前
記第１の浄化手段より発生する熱で加熱される排気ガス
中に含まれる有害物質を分解する第２の浄化手段と、前
記加熱室に酸素を含む気体を供給する送風手段とを備え
た内燃機関用排気ガス浄化装置。2. A heating chamber provided in the middle of an exhaust pipe for discharging exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, a high frequency oscillator for generating high frequency energy in the heating chamber, and a heating chamber housed in the heating chamber for absorbing high frequency energy. First purification means for decomposing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas heated by heat generated by heat exchange, and arranged in the heating chamber, behind the exhaust gas flow of the first purification means. Second purification means for decomposing harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas heated by the heat of the exhaust gas thus generated and heat generated by the first purification means, and a gas containing oxygen are supplied to the heating chamber. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, comprising an air blower.
ミックからなる担体と、前記セラミックからなる担体に
担持された高周波を吸収する高周波吸収材料と、前記高
周波吸収材料の表面及び空隙に担持された触媒と、前記
セラミックからなる担体と前記高周波吸収材料と前記触
媒を接着する無機質バインダとならなる請求項１または
２記載の内燃機関用排気ガス浄化装置。3. A first purifying means for decomposing harmful substances, a carrier made of ceramics, a high-frequency absorbing material for absorbing high frequencies carried on the carrier made of ceramics, and a carrier and a carrier on the surface and voids of the high-frequency absorbing material. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises an activated catalyst, a carrier made of the ceramic, the high-frequency absorbing material, and an inorganic binder for adhering the catalyst.
からなる担体もしくはセラミックからなる担体と、前記
担体の表面に担持された触媒とからなる請求項１または
２記載の内燃機関用排気ガス浄化装置。4. The exhaust gas for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the second purification means for decomposing harmful substances comprises a carrier made of metal or a carrier made of ceramics and a catalyst carried on the surface of the carrier. Gas purification device.
によるハニカム構造を有する成型体、またはセラミック
繊維によるハニカム構造を有する成型体からなる請求項
３または４記載の内燃機関用排気ガス浄化装置。5. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the carrier made of ceramics is a molded body having a honeycomb structure made of ceramic powder or a molded body having a honeycomb structure made of ceramic fibers.
成型体からなる請求項４記載の内燃機関用排気ガス浄化
装置。6. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein the carrier made of metal is a molded body having a honeycomb structure.
材料からなる請求項３記載の内燃機関用排気ガス浄化装
置。7. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the high frequency absorbing material that absorbs high frequencies is a semiconductor material.
銅、マンガン、コバルト、鉄、スズ、チタン、ケイ素を
主成分とする酸化物、炭化物、及び前記金属を含む複合
酸化物の少なくとも１種からなる請求項３記載の内燃機
関用排気ガス浄化装置。8. A high frequency absorbing material for absorbing high frequency is zinc,
The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, comprising at least one of an oxide containing carbide, copper, manganese, cobalt, iron, tin, titanium, silicon as a main component, a carbide, and a complex oxide containing the metal.
属、銅、マンガン、コバルトの酸化物、ペロブスカイト
型複合酸化物の少なくとも１種からなる請求項３または
４記載の内燃機関用排気ガス浄化装置。9. The exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum, rhodium and palladium metals, copper, manganese and cobalt oxides and perovskite type complex oxides.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4011769A JP2910373B2 (en) | 1992-01-27 | 1992-01-27 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4011769A JP2910373B2 (en) | 1992-01-27 | 1992-01-27 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05202738A true JPH05202738A (en) | 1993-08-10 |
| JP2910373B2 JP2910373B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
Family
ID=11787187
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4011769A Expired - Fee Related JP2910373B2 (en) | 1992-01-27 | 1992-01-27 | Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2910373B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0791234A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1995-04-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | High-frequency heating element having catalyst function |
| JPH07222912A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1995-08-22 | Zexel Corp | Exhaust gas purifying device for vehicle |
| JP2010270995A (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-12-02 | Yokohama National Univ | Deodorization device of odor generated from combustion heater |
| CN102348526A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2012-02-08 | 先进核能燃料有限公司 | Suction device for gases or fume, in particular welding fume, having an oxidation apparatus, welding system and associated method |
| JP2020029809A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine control apparatus |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04241717A (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1992-08-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Exhaust gas purifying device |
-
1992
- 1992-01-27 JP JP4011769A patent/JP2910373B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04241717A (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1992-08-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Exhaust gas purifying device |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0791234A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1995-04-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | High-frequency heating element having catalyst function |
| JPH07222912A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1995-08-22 | Zexel Corp | Exhaust gas purifying device for vehicle |
| CN102348526A (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2012-02-08 | 先进核能燃料有限公司 | Suction device for gases or fume, in particular welding fume, having an oxidation apparatus, welding system and associated method |
| JP2010270995A (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-12-02 | Yokohama National Univ | Deodorization device of odor generated from combustion heater |
| JP2020029809A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine control apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2910373B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
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