JPH05193568A - Suspended rudder for ship - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a suspended rudder which is thin and being slightly propulsion resistant. CONSTITUTION:A rudder shaft 12 is inserted in rotatable manner in a hollow stay 11 fixed on a hull A, and a rudder plate 13 is installed at the lower edge part of the rudder shaft 12. A recessed part 13a extending from the upper edge opened to the left and right (coincide with the left and right of the hull) is formed at the near middle part of the rudder plate 13 in the longitudinal direction (coincides with the longitudinal direction of the hull), and the stay 11 and the rudder shaft 12 are arranged, extended in the recessed part 13a.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a suspension rudder used for a ship.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A suspension rudder is a rudder for a ship in which a rudder shaft extends in a cantilevered manner downward from a hull and a rudder plate is attached to a tip (lower end) portion thereof. The structure is simple,
Since it is cantilever, it is not suitable for exerting great maneuvering power, and therefore it is widely used for general small ships.

In recent years, a suspension rudder of the type shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B has begun to be adopted. That is, a hollow strut (also referred to as a stock housing or horn) 11 fixed to a hull extends downward and enters the inside of a rudder blade (ladder blade) 13, and inside the strut 11 is rotatably supported by a rudder shaft ( A rudder stock) 12 is passed through and a rudder blade 13 is connected to the lower end portion thereof, and a similar one is described in JP-A-64-4597. Bearings 17 and 18 for rotatably supporting the rudder shaft 12 are arranged near the upper and lower ends of the pillar 11 (inside the pillar 11), but the resultant force of the marine vessel maneuvering load (near the center of the rudder blade 13) Since there is a load supporting point (a part of the lower bearing 18) at a position closer to (), the bending moment acting on the rudderstock 12 is greater than that when the rudderstock 12 is attached to the upper end of the rudder blade 13. Has the advantages of small size and smooth operation.
When the rudder shaft 12 is attached to the upper end of the rudder blade 13, the position of the bearing corresponding to the bearing 18 is far from the load application point, so the bending moment of the rudder shaft 12 is large and, in order to resist that moment, The bearing and the bearing 17 that are close to each other
The force applied to and is large and the steering torque is high. In FIG. 9, reference numeral A is a hull, and reference numeral B is a propeller for propelling.

[0004]

In the conventional suspension rudder shown in FIG. 9, the column 11 is completely inserted into the rudder blade 13. That is, as shown in FIG. 9B, the rudder blade 13 is wrapped around the lower portions of the support column 11 and the rudder axle 12.
From this point, there are the following inconveniences.

B) The rudder blade 13 is thick, and therefore the propulsion resistance is large. Support 11 for supporting the load applied to the rudder blade 13.
Requires a considerable thickness, but the rudder blade 13 is
Since it completely encloses 1, the thickness is at least twice the thickness of the plate material forming the rudder blade 13 (and a gap that allows for manufacturing error) added to the diameter of the column 11. Becomes Since the resistance due to the rudder increases with t / L in FIG. 9B, the thick rudder plate 13 leads to a considerable resistance.

(B) It is difficult to remove the rudder blade 13 during inspection and maintenance of a ship. For example, when trying to remove the rudder blade 13 in the dock, at least (that is, even when the rudder axle 12 is pulled up), a withdrawal allowance (disassembly allowance) of the height h shown in FIG. 9A is required. Requires a considerable amount of planks C to be laid and the hull A must be lifted above the floor to a height h or more. Since the board C usually needs to be laid over the entire bottom of the hull A, it requires considerable labor and cost when the height h is large.

An object of the present invention is to provide a suspension rudder for solving the above-mentioned problem (a), which can also solve the above-mentioned problem (b).

[0008]

The ship suspension rudder of the present invention comprises a)
A rudder shaft is rotatably passed through a hollow pillar fixed to the hull, and a rudder plate is attached to the lower end of the rudder shaft. B) In the rudder plate in the front-rear direction (matches the front-rear direction of the hull. The same applies below). By the way, the concave part from the upper end (opened to the outside) on both sides (corresponding to the left and right of the hull; the same applies below) is formed (thus, the shape of the rudder plate when viewed from the side is close to a U shape). And c)
The above-mentioned pillar and rudder shaft are arranged so as to extend into the recess.

With regard to this suspension rudder, as described in claim 2, d) the recess is opened with a width equal to or larger than the thickness of the column on at least one of the left and right surfaces of the rudder blade. , E) A bearing for rotatably supporting the vicinity of the upper end of the rudder blade around the column is detachably attached to the upper end of the rudder blade.

[0010]

According to the ship suspension rudder of the present invention, when the rudder shaft is rotated at a desired angle based on the above configuration a), the rudder shaft rotates in the hollow support column fixed to the hull, and with it. ,
The function of the rudder is exhibited by changing the direction of the rudder plate attached to the lower end portion. Since the bearings are arranged near the upper and lower ends of the column, the rudder shaft and the rudder blade can freely rotate with respect to the column.

Further, in this suspension rudder, as in the above c), the support column and rudder shaft are extended from above into the inside of the rudder plate (in the recess),
The rudder blade is then connected to the rudder axle. Therefore, the supporting column supports the load applied to the rudder plate at a position close to the force application point, the bending moment acting on the rudder shaft is small, and the rudder shaft can be made thin, and the operating torque is small.

The above points are not different from the conventional (for example, FIG. 9) suspension rudder, but the main features of the suspension rudder of the present invention are as follows. That is, as described in b) above, the above-mentioned recess in which the column extending downward and the rudder shaft are arranged is a recess extending downward from the upper end of the rudder blade and is open on both left and right sides. Since this recess is open on both the left and right sides, the shape of the rudder blade in a side view is close to a U shape. Since the support column and the rudder shaft are arranged in the recess formed in this way, the thickness of the rudder blade can be made equal to or smaller than the diameter of the support column. That is, the rudder blade can be made thin and have low resistance.

Whether at least one of the open portions on both the left and right sides of the rudder blade has a width equal to or larger than the diameter of the strut, and is provided near the upper end of the rudder blade to surround the strut (bearing or the like),
Alternatively, if it is detachably provided (see claim 2), the rudder blade is to be detached from the column laterally (in a direction perpendicular to the column) after being uncoupled from the rudder axle, and then attached again in the same manner. Is possible. Therefore, the required height of the planks laid on the bottom of the hull at the time of inspection and maintenance can be extremely low.

As described in b) above, the recess is formed in the middle of the front and rear direction of the rudder blade (not at the center, but not at the front and rear ends), so at the same middle position. The rudder shaft will be attached to the rudder blade. This configuration is also adopted in the conventional suspension rudder, but this has the advantage that the torque required to operate the rudder shaft and hold the angle is small. In this case, if an angle is given to the rudder blade via the rudder blade during navigation, most of the partial torques that act on the rudder axle from the front and rear parts that sandwich the position of the rudder axle among the tilted rudder blades are mutually different. This is because they cancel each other out and generate only a small torque as a whole. Therefore, the rudder axle can be made thin with easy operation, and the steering gear having a small capacity can be used.

Further, when the rudder blade is formed as described in d) and the bearing is provided as in e) as described in claim 2, the following advantages are obtained. That is, a) Removal (and mounting) of the rudder blade for inspection / maintenance, etc. is easily performed by removing the bearing from the rudder blade as described above (separate the rudder blade from the rudder axle and move it laterally from the column). Can be removed). (B) Moreover, the upper part of the rudder blade (the part divided into the front and rear by the above-mentioned recess) is connected through the bearing to increase the rigidity, and is supported (rotatably) around the column. It is supplemented in strength.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view of the suspension rudder 1, FIG. 1 (b) is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main portion of the suspension rudder 1 including the hull A and the propeller B, and FIG. 1 (c).
[Fig. 4] is a sectional view taken along line c-c in Fig. 4B.

As shown in FIG. 1 (b), in this suspension rudder 1, as in the example introduced in FIG. 9 as a conventional suspension rudder, a hollow pillar 11 is fixed to the hull A and extended downward. A rudder shaft 12 is rotatably supported inside the column 11, and a rudder plate 13 is connected to a lower end portion of the rudder shaft 12. On the pillar 11.
Bearings 17 and 18 are provided inside the lower end portions, respectively, and the rudder shaft 12 is rotatably supported through the bearings 17 and 18. The rudder blade 13 has a tapered portion 1 with respect to the lower end portion of the rudder shaft 12.
It is fitted with 2a and is pressed and coupled with nut 12b. The column 11 extends from above to the middle of the rudder blade 13, and supports the rudder axle 12 via the bearing 18 at a position close to the force application point position of the resultant force of the marine vessel manipulating load applied to the rudder blade 13, so the rudder axle 12 is It is not subject to large bending moments and therefore its operation is also smooth. Rudder axle 1
The operation of 2 is performed by a hydraulic steering gear (not shown) including a hydraulic cylinder connected to the upper end of the rudder shaft 12.

The characteristic feature of this suspension rudder 1 is that a rudder plate 13 is formed with a recess 13a from the upper end which is open on both left and right sides as shown in FIGS. It is through the shaft 12. The position of the concave portion 13a is set in the middle of the front and rear of the rudder blade 13, and the height of the bottom portion is also near the center of the entire height of the rudder blade 13. Since the recess 13a is open on both the left and right sides, the pillar 11 can be seen from the side (left and right) through it (see the same (a)), and the outer shape of the rudder blade 13 resembles a U shape from the same side. It looks like a shape (see (a) and (b)). Since the column 11 and the rudder shaft 12 are arranged inside the recess 13a, the thickness of the rudder blade 13 (horizontal dimension perpendicular to the navigation direction of the hull A) may not exceed the diameter of the column 11. It was possible (see the same (c)). In other words, this rudder blade 13
Significantly thinner than the rudder blade 13 in a conventional (eg, FIG. 9) suspension rudder (in our design example, the thickness could be reduced by 15-20% from that of the type of FIG. 9), thus propulsion Resistance is significantly small.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
In the upper part of the rudder blade 13, the front and rear parts 13b and 13c divided by the recess 13a are connected by a frame part 13d to increase the rigidity of both parts 13b and 13c. However, the inside of the frame portion 13d is not in contact with the column 11.

By the way, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the suspension rudder 1 as the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, the suspension rudder 1 of FIG. 1 is used as a basic embodiment, and based on this, what modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention will be described for each component part as follows.

A) The upper part of the rudder blade 13 has front and rear parts 13b.
It is not always necessary to connect 13c with the frame portion 13d or the like. The portion 13d has the rudder blade 13 as described above.
Since it is intended to increase the rigidity of No. 1, it is sufficient if the necessary rigidity is given by other means (such as increasing the strength of the constituent members).

B) If the end plates are attached to the upper and lower ends of the rudder plate 13 so that the horizontal brim protrudes around the entire surface of the main body of the rudder plate 13, the water flow on the surface of the rudder plate 13 can be regulated. Therefore, the so-called lift is increased, and the efficiency as a rudder is improved. The end plate at the upper end may be wholly or partially removable.

C) If a bearing is provided between the upper portion of the rudder blade 13 (for example, the inside of the frame portion 13d) and the column 11, the rigidity of the rudder blade 13 (particularly its upper portion) is supported by the column 11. Strength is further improved.

C ') With reference to C) above, frame portion 13
d and the bearing can be detached from the rudder blade 13,
It is also possible to eliminate the frame portion 13d and attach only the bearing to the rudder blade 13 so as to be removable.

D) The column 11 is not limited to a column, but may have a cross section close to an ellipse or a rectangle, for example. In addition, the pillar 11, which has a tapered upper part or a base part and is formed in a tapered shape or an inverted conical shape, is rational in terms of strength.

E) The lower bearing 18 between the column 11 and the rudder axle 12 is arranged instead (or together) between the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the column 11 and the rudder blade 13. Good. The rudder shaft 12 and the rudder blade 13 are integrated by the action of the nuts 12b, etc.
This is because it is close to the force application point of the resultant load of 3.

F) If a flap is attached to the rear of the rudder blade 13 (on the rear side of the hull A), a so-called flap rudder can be constructed, and a lifting rudder with high lift and high maneuverability is obtained.

G) Bearing 17 provided on the upper inside of the column 11.
Alternatively, the rudder shaft 12 may be supported after being taken out of the column 11 and attached to the hull A. Since the column 11 is integrated with the hull A, there is no functional difference regardless of whether the bearing for supporting the rudder axle 12 is attached to the column 11 or the hull A.

G ') Combining the above E) and G), the support 11
It is also possible not to place any bearings inside. Then, the machining accuracy required for the inner peripheral surface of the column 11 becomes extremely low, and the cost required for machining is considerably reduced.

H) The connection between the rudder axle 12 and the rudder blade 13 is shown in FIG.
Of course, it is not limited to the means using the tapered portion 12a and the nut 12b shown in (a).

I) A thin cover for covering the recess 13a may be attached to both right and left sides of the rudder blade 13. The cover may be detachably formed of an iron plate, resin, or the like, but this prevents marine organisms or the like from adhering to the recesses 13a and the columns 11. However, thickening the cover should be avoided because the rudder blade 13 becomes thicker and propulsion resistance increases.

The modifications of the respective constituent parts described in A) to I) above can be carried out in an appropriate combination, and some of the concrete examples realized by the modification are shown in FIG.
This is introduced next with reference to FIG. It should be noted that, in the following, the parts that are not particularly different from the parts that have been described are given the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

First, the suspension rudder 2 shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) is shown in FIG.
This is an example in which the above A) is applied to the suspension rudder 1. Therefore, in this suspension rudder 2, there is no frame portion 13d on the upper part of the rudder blade 3, and the front and rear portions 13b and 13c sandwiching the recess 13a are separated. In addition, this recess 13
a is opened on both right and left sides of the rudder blade 13 with a width equal to or larger than the diameter of the column 11. From these points, the illustrated suspension rudder 2
The rudder blade 13 is thin and has low resistance, and there is an advantage that the rudder blade 13 can be easily removed for maintenance or the like. That is, if the nut 12b is removed to release the connection between the rudder axle 12 and the rudder blade 13 and the rudder axle 12 is pulled up a little, the rudder blade 1
It is possible to remove 3 to the side of the post 11. In that case, the extraction allowance (disassembly allowance; height h in FIG. 9) of the rudder blade 13 is zero. Even if the rudder shaft 12 cannot be pulled up, an extremely small extraction allowance is sufficient. Needless to say, the rudder blade 13 can be attached thereafter in the same manner.

The suspension rudder 3 of FIG. 3 is the same as the suspension rudder 1 of FIG.
It is a modification of A) and B). That is, in addition to eliminating the frame portion 13d in the rudder blade 13, end plates 14 and 15 for restricting the water flow and increasing the lift are provided at the upper and lower ends, respectively. Of these, the upper end plate 14 is provided with an annular portion 14a which is comparable to the frame portion 13d so that the front and rear portions become one, and the rudder blade 13 is provided by a plurality of bolts 14b.
Is attached to. Therefore, for maintenance and the like, if the bolt 14b is removed and the end plate 14 is separated from the rudder blade 13, the rudder blade 13 can be easily removed as in the suspension rudder 2 of FIG. The lower end plate 15 is integrated with the rudder plate 13 by welding.

The suspension rudder 4 shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (d) is a modification of C) and D).
A bearing 19 is provided between the bearing 1 and the outer peripheral surface of No. 1 (see the same (c)), and a portion 11a of the column 11 into the recess 13a below the bearing 19 has a cross section close to a rectangle shown in the same (d). Is formed. This shape is such that the left and right curved surfaces smoothly connect to the extended surfaces of the front and rear portions 13b and 13c of the rudder blade 13, and is equal to the shape of the lower portion of the rudder blade 13 without the recess 13a.
This portion 11a has a meaning that the pillar 11 is thickened by thickening the front and rear portions to increase the second moment of area in terms of material mechanics, and the strength and rigidity of the pillar 11 are increased accordingly.

The suspension rudder 5 shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) is obtained by modifying the suspension rudder 1 of FIG. 1 by C) / E). That is, the bearing 19 is provided similarly to the example of FIG. 4, and the bearing 18 ′ is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the support 11 and the rudder blade 13 at the lower end of the support 11.
Was established. An annular portion 13e for reinforcement is formed at a position on the rudder blade 13 outside the bearing 18 '. By disposing the bearing 18 'in this manner, the suspension rudder 5 can be easily manufactured because the number of processed portions on the inner circumference of the support column 11 is reduced.

6 (a) and 6 (b) is a modification of the suspension rudder 1 of FIG. 1 corresponding to the above C '). It is fitted on the outer periphery of the column 11 and is detachably attached to the upper end of the rudder blade 13. In this example, the bearing 19 'rotatably supports the upper portion of the rudder blade 13 around the column 11, but its casing part also serves as the frame part 13d in the example of FIG. The rudder blade 13 has a bolt 1
The bearing 19 'is detachably attached by means of 9'a, and the recesses 1 on both left and right sides of the rudder blade 13 are attached.
Since the opening width of 3a exceeds the outer diameter of the column 11, also in this example, the rudder blade 13 can be easily removed as in the case of FIG. Note that the casing of the bearing 19 'may be formed by horizontally expanding it, and this may also serve as the end plate 14 of FIG.

The suspension rudder 7 of FIG. 7 is obtained by modifying the bearing 18 of the suspension rudder 6 of FIG. 6 described above. The suspension rudder 1 of FIG. Is also equivalent to what you have done.
The modification of C ') is the same as the suspension rudder 6 of FIG. 6, and the modification of E) is the same as the suspension rudder 5 of FIG. When removing the rudder blade 13 from the suspension rudder 7, the nut 12b
And pulling up the rudder axle 12 by the length of the taper portion 12a, and then removing the bolt 19'a to separate the bearing 19 'from the rudder blade 13, the height h shown in FIG. If the rudder blade is lowered only (as a substitute), then the rudder blade 13 can be taken out to the side (left or right) of the column 11.

Further, the suspension rudder 8 shown in FIG. 8 is different from the suspension rudder 1 shown in FIG. 1 in the above-mentioned B), C '), D), E), F), G) (thus,
G ') is also modified. That is,
First, as B), the end plates 14 ', 1
5 '(both of which are integrated with the rudder blade 13) are provided, and a bearing 19' is detachably arranged at the upper end of the rudder blade 13 as C ') and fitted to the pillar 11; 1
The base portion 11b of No. 1 was formed in a tapered shape such that the base portion 11b became thicker toward the upper end. Further, as a modification of E), a bearing 18 ′ is arranged between the outer peripheral surface of the lower end portion of the column 11 and the rudder blade 13, and the flap 16 is attached to the rear of the rudder blade 13 (left side in the figure) by F). Reference numeral 16a in the drawing is a connecting pin between the rudder blade 13 and the flap 16, 16b is a drive link mechanism of the flap 16, and 16c and 16d are end plates. As a modification of G), a self-centering type bearing 17 'was attached to the outside of the upper end of the column 11, that is, the hull A, to support the column 11. By providing the bearing 17 'in this way, when the suspension rudder 8 is installed on the hull A, the horizontal position of the bearing 17' and hence the position of the rudder shaft 12 can be adjusted within the range of the hole of the column 11, so that it is a self-aligning type. There is an advantage that the tilt of the rudder shaft 12 is allowed, and machining of the inner peripheral surface of the support column 11 is almost unnecessary together with the modification of E) (and hence the modification of G ′).

[0040]

The marine suspension rudder of the present invention has the following effects. That is, 1) The rudder blade can be made thinner than the diameter of the column, and the propulsion resistance by the rudder blade can be reduced.

2) Since the bending moment acting on the rudder axle is small and the torque required for the rudder axle to operate the rudder blade and maintain the angle is small, the steering gear can be made small and the rudder axle can be made thin. You can

Further, the marine suspension rudder according to claim 2 has the following effect.

3) Since the rudder blade can be easily removed and installed, the required height of the lumber to be laid on the bottom of the hull at the time of inspection and maintenance is low, and the labor and cost required for maintenance are reduced. To be done.

4) It is easy to give necessary rigidity and strength to the upper part of the rudder blade in design and manufacturing.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first basic embodiment of the invention. 1 (a) is a perspective view of the suspension rudder 1, FIG. 1 (b) is a vertical sectional view of the suspension rudder 1 shown together with a hull A and a propeller B, and FIG. 1 (c) is
It is CC sectional drawing in the same (b).

FIG. 2 is a perspective view (FIG. 2 (a)) and a longitudinal sectional view of the main part (FIG. 2 (b)) of a suspension rudder 2 as a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a suspension rudder 3 as a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view (FIG. 4 (a)) and a longitudinal sectional view of the main part (FIG. 4 (b)) of a suspension rudder 4 as a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The same (c) and the same (d) are the same as cc and d in the same (b).
It is each sectional drawing of -d.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view (FIG. 5 (a)) and a longitudinal sectional view of the main part (FIG. 5 (b)) of a suspension rudder 5 as a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view (FIG. 6 (a)) and a longitudinal sectional view of the main part (FIG. 6 (b)) of a suspension rudder 6 as a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view (FIG. 7 (a)) and a longitudinal sectional view of the main part (FIG. 7 (b)) of a suspension rudder 7 as a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a suspension rudder 8 as an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a view showing a conventional suspension rudder, FIG. 9 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view showing the hull A and a propeller B, and FIG. 9 (b) is the same.
It is bb sectional drawing in (a).

[Explanation of symbols]

 A hull 1-8 Suspended rudder 11 Strut 12 Rudder shaft 13 Rudder plate 13a Recess 17/17 '/ 18/18' / 19/19 'Bearing

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A ship suspension rudder in which a rudder shaft is rotatably passed through a hollow column fixed to a hull, and a rudder plate is attached to a lower end portion of the rudder shaft, the rudder plate being in the front-rear direction. A marine suspension rudder, characterized in that a recess is formed in the middle of the opening from the upper end, and the pillar and rudder shaft are arranged so as to extend into the recess. 2. The above-mentioned concave portion is opened on at least one of the left and right surfaces of the rudder plate with a width greater than the thickness of the support column, and the vicinity of the upper end of the rudder plate is rotatably supported around the support column. The marine suspension rudder according to claim 1, wherein a bearing for is attached to the upper end of the rudder plate in a removable manner.