JPH05192604A - Scrap shredding device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To automatically execute an operation, and to reduce a burden of an operator. CONSTITUTION:A tachogenerator 24 is provided in a shredding roller 11 of a shredder 3 of the scrap shredding device consisting of a pre-shredder 1, a carrying-in conveyor 2, a feed roll 7 and the shredder 3, and on the other hand, scrap detecting sensors 21, 23 are provided in the carrying-in conveyor 2 and the feed roll 7, and both the sensors 21, 23 and 24 are connected to a controller 20 for controlling a carrying-in speed of the carrying-in conveyor 2, and an opening and the rotational direction of the feed roll 7.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a scrap crushing device for crushing scrap such as discarded automobiles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A scrap crushing device, for example, is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a loading conveyor 2 provided with a pretreatment machine (hereinafter referred to as a pre-shredder) 1 and a crusher (hereinafter referred to as a shredder) 3 in the preceding stage are provided with an input port 5 of a crushing chamber 4 of the shredder 3. There is one in which a feeding chute 6 is connected to the charging chute 6 and a feeding roller (hereinafter referred to as a feed roll) 7 is provided on the charging chute 6.

In such a crushing device, for example, the preshredder 1 has a crushing gear 10 which is operated by a hydraulic circuit (motor drive) 9 in the crushing chamber 8 and is carried into the crushing chamber 8 by the gear 10. The scraps thus obtained are roughly crushed so that they can be easily conveyed by the carrying-in conveyor 2 in the next stage. The coarsely crushed scrap is conveyed to the charging chute 6 by the carry-in conveyor 2, and the conveyed scrap is hydraulically moved in the forward and reverse directions and in the vertical direction to change the opening degree, as shown by the arrow in the figure. The feed roll 7 applies pressure to the shredder 3 and places it in the crushing chamber 4. The crushing chamber 4 is provided with a crushing rotor 11 which rotates at a high speed by a motor M, and crushes the thrown scrap by crushing it in the gap with the grate of the crushing chamber 4.

Thus, in the crushing device for crushing, in order to smoothly perform the crushing process in the shredder 3, it is necessary to adjust the scrap carry-in speed and the carry-in amount between the respective devices. Therefore, conventionally, the operator of the crushing device confirms the condition of the scrap entering the crushing chamber 4 from the monitoring window above the shredder 3, and at the same time confirms the rotation speed of the crushing rotor 11 and feeds it from the carry-in conveyor 2. The amount of scrap immediately before being thrown into the roll 7 and the carry-in speed are confirmed in parallel, the load fluctuation is immediately predicted from the result, and the carry-in speed of the carry-in conveyor 2 is adjusted and the feed roll is predicted by the prediction. 7 pressure adjustment (opening / closing degree adjustment) and forward / reverse direction (rotation). Also, sometimes, the crushing rotor 1
While the power consumption of the crushing device is kept within the contracted power with the power company while observing the display of the demand controller 12 device provided in the motor M for driving 1, the amount of scrap to be input into the crushing chamber 4 of the shredder 3 is set. decide. Further, when the shredder 3 is overloaded with excessive amount of scrap entering the crushing chamber 4 and the rotation speed of the crushing rotor 11 decreases, the carry-in conveyor 2 and the feed roll 7 are urgently stopped, and the crushing chamber 9 is stopped. The discharge door 13 is opened and the surplus scrap is discharged.

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned crushing device, the operator has to deal with various information from each device, which changes moment by moment, so that the situation of each device can be accurately grasped. However, in order to control the entire crushing apparatus to the optimum state, the operator is required to have a high degree of skill and a great amount of hard work.

For this reason, there is a risk that, for example, a momentary slackening of the air may overload the shredder, causing a mistake that causes the entire device to stop.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the burden on the operator and at the same time prevent the shredder from being overloaded.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a conventional crushing device is provided with a rotation speed detecting device for detecting the rotation speed of the crushing rotor, and the carrying-in device is carried in according to the output of the detecting device. A configuration is provided in which a control device that changes one or both of the carry-in speed of the conveyor, the distance between the feeding roller and the approaching / separating distance of the feeding chute, and the rotating state is provided.

Further, a scrap detection device for detecting the presence or absence of scrap is provided above the carry-in conveyor and above the end of the carry-in conveyor in front of the delivery roller, and the output of each detection device is input to the control device. You can also

Further, a discharge door which opens and closes according to the detection output of the rotation speed detecting device may be provided above the crushing chamber.

At this time, a pre-processing machine for pre-processing scraps is provided in the preceding stage of the carry-in conveyor, and the operating states of the pre-processing machine, the carry-in conveyor and the delivery roller are determined by the power consumption of the crusher. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the means for doing so is provided in the control device.

[0012]

In the crushing device constructed as described above, the number of revolutions of the crushing rotor, which changes according to the amount and shape of scrap carried into the crushing chamber, that is, changes according to the load, is detected, and the detected crushing is performed. In order to maintain the rotation speed of the rotor at the rotation speed at which the crushing process can be performed most efficiently, the amount of scrap to be carried into the crushing chamber is set to the carry-in conveyor carrying speed,
One or both of the opening degree and the rotation direction of the delivery roller is controlled and adjusted.

At this time, for example, when the rotation speed of the crushing rotor suddenly drops and stops, the carry-in conveyor and the sending roller are stopped to stop the scrap from being carried into the crushing chamber, and the crushing rotor receives the scrap. The overload is prevented and the shredder is prompted to process the scrap.

Further, in the case where the carrying-in conveyor and the sending-out roller are provided with scrap detecting devices for detecting the presence or absence of scrap, the scrap carrying-in states of the carrying-in conveyor and the charging chute are detected by the detection outputs of the respective detecting devices. The operation state of the carry-in conveyor and the delivery roller is determined based on the detected carry-in state and the rotation speed of the crushing roller.

Further, in the crushing chamber having a discharge door that opens and closes according to the rotation speed of the crushing rotor, when the rotation speed of the crushing rotor decreases, the discharge door is opened to discharge the excess scrap carried into the crushing chamber. To do.

On the other hand, in the case where the control device is provided with means for determining the operating states of the pretreatment processing machine, the carrying-in conveyor and the sending roller by the power consumption of the crusher, for example, the power consumption output from the demand controller or the like. Each device is operated and stopped in accordance with the step-by-step notification signal, the amount of scrap carried into the crushing chamber is adjusted, and the power consumption of the crushing device is reduced.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The scrap crushing device shown in FIG. 1 (hereinafter referred to as crushing device) includes a pre-shredder device 1, a carry-in conveyor 2, a feed roll 7, a shredder 3, and a control device 20 for controlling them. Here, the main structure except the control device 20 of the crushing device is the same as that of the conventional one, and therefore, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only the parts and parts different from the conventional example will be described.

The preshredder 1 has two hydraulic circuits.
It has two hydraulic pumps, which can be operated independently.

The carry-in conveyor 2 has a carry-in speed of 4
A scrap detection sensor 21 for detecting the presence or absence of scrap on the conveyor is provided above the conveyor 2, which can be adjusted in stages, that is, high / medium / low / stop. As the scrap detection sensor 21, for example, an ultrasonic sensor or an image sensor such as a television camera can be used, but in the present embodiment, the ultrasonic sensor is used.

The feed roll 7 is capable of varying the opening degree of the feed roll 7 in four stages of fully closed, opened 1, opened 2, and fully opened, and has a hydraulic pressure detection sensor 22 for detecting an abnormality in hydraulic pressure in its hydraulic circuit. It is provided. A scrap detection sensor 23 similar to that described above is provided above the end of the carry-in conveyor 2 in front of the feed roll 7.

The shredder 3 is provided with a discharge door 13 'above the crushing chamber 4 of the shredder 3 whose opening can be freely changed by a motor connected to the control circuit 20 or a hydraulic circuit driven by the motor.

The shredding rotor 1 of the shredder 4
For the motor M that drives 1, the overcurrent detection circuit for notifying the overcurrent when there is no load, which is composed of a CT and a current detector, and the demand controller 1 for notifying the power consumption state of the motor M.
2 and are connected. On the other hand, a tacho generator 24 is attached to the rotation shaft of the motor M, and the output of the tacho generator 24 is input to the control circuit 20 as the rotation output of the rotor 11.

The control circuit 20 comprises a data processing section having a microprocessor, for example, and a drive section. The outputs of the sensors 21, 22, 23 and the tachogenerator 24 of each device are connected to the data processing section. A drive motor (not shown) of each of the preshredder 1, the carry-in conveyor 2 and the feed roll 7 is connected to the drive unit.

This embodiment is constructed as described above, and its operation will be described below. The control device 20 includes a tacho generator 24 of a motor M connected to the crushing rotor 11.
From the output, the crushing rotor 1 in the crushing chamber 4 of the shredder 3
The number of rotations of 1 is detected, and the load of the shredder 3 obtained from the detected number of rotations and the status of scrap loading detected by the scrap detection sensors 21 and 23 of the carry-in conveyor 2 and the feed roll 7 are determined according to each of the above-mentioned items. The operating state of the device is determined as shown in the state table of FIGS. That is,
As shown in the state table of FIG. 2, when the rotation speed of the crushing rotor 11 shows almost the rated value, the control device 20 sets the feed roll 7 in a normal state, that is, sets the opening to 1 and sets the rotation direction to the forward direction. The carrying-in speed of the carry-in conveyor 2 is changed from medium speed to high speed, and from high speed to medium speed in accordance with the scrap carry-in situation from the preshredder 1 to the carry-in conveyor 2. ((D), (g), (h) in the same figure) At this time, as shown in (b) and (f) in the figure, there is no scrap in the crushing chamber 4 of the shredder 3 and the scrap of the feed roll 7 When the detection sensor 23 detects scrap,
The control device 20 includes the carry-in conveyor 2 and the feed roll 7.
It is judged that the scrap is accumulated in the so-called bridge state, and in order to eliminate this bridge, the carry-in conveyor 2 is stopped, the feed roll 7 is normally rotated, and the bridge elimination control shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 6 and 7 is performed. (Processing "100" and subsequent processings are omitted).

That is, the controller 20 has two timers T ₁ ,
Prepare T _2, actuating the timer T _1, T _{2 (1}
(01), the carry-in conveyor 2 is stopped and the feed roll 7 is rotated in the normal direction with the opening of the feed roll 7 set to 1 to discharge the scrap on the feed roll 7 to the shredder 3 (10).
2) This state is maintained until the timer T ₁ times out. When the timer T ₁ times out (103),
Raise the feed roll 7 once (104) and set the opening to 1
When the opening becomes 2 (105), the feed roll 7 is lowered (106), the opening is returned to 1 (107), the carry-in conveyor 2 is stopped, and the opening is changed. The feed roll having the number 1 set to 1 is rotated in the normal direction to temporarily stop the timer T ₁ (108) to prompt the discharge of the scrap residue on the feed roll 7. At this time, if the timer T ₂ does not time up (109), the timers T ₁ and T ₂ are reset and the bridge elimination control is performed again from the beginning (101). On the other hand, when the timer T ₂ has timed up (109), the presence or absence of scrap on the feed roll 7 (110) and the increase of the load on the shredder 3 are confirmed (111). If it is confirmed that the bridge is eliminated by this confirmation, the control returns to the normal control (112). On the other hand, if it is not confirmed that the bridge has been resolved, the feed roll 7 is stopped and lowered (11
3) When the feed roll 7 is fully closed and the feed roll 7 is fully closed (114), the operation is stopped (115).

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the crushing rotor 11
When the number of rotations of is decreased a little, (a), (b),
In (c) and (e), the control device 20 reduces the carry-in speed of the carry-in conveyor 2, reduces the amount of scrap to be input to the shredder 3, and reduces the load on the shredder 3. In (d), (f), and (g) of the same drawing, since no scrap is detected by the carry-in conveyor 2, the carry-in speed of the conveyor 2 is set to a normal medium speed. On the other hand, in the same figure (h), since no scrap is detected by any of the scrap detection sensors 21 and 23, the scrap is carried into the shredder 3 by setting the carry-in conveyor 2 at a high carry-in speed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, when the rotation speed of the crushing rotor 11 further decreases, the control device 20 reduces the carry-in speed of the carry-in conveyor 2 to reduce the amount of scrap to be fed to the feed roll 7. Then, the load on the crushing rotor 11 is reduced. At this time, the feed rolls 7 except the one whose load is not detected by the shredder 3 ((b),
(E), (f), (h)) Stop rotation.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the crushing rotor 11
If the number of revolutions of abnormally drops below 500 rpm,
Regardless of the outputs of the scrap detection sensors 21 and 23, the control device 20 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the crushing device, lowers the loading speed of the loading conveyor 2, stops the rotation of the feed roll 7, and stops the feed roll 7. Fully close and stop the input of scrap to the shredder 3. Then, crushing of the crushing chamber 4 is promoted to eliminate abnormal factors.

At this time, when the rotation speed of the crushing rotor 11 further decreases to, for example, 300 rpm or less, the control device 20 actuates and opens the discharge door 13 ', and the opened discharge door 13' causes an overload. Excessive scrap inside the crushing chamber 4 is discharged so that normal crushing can be performed.

As described above, in the crushing apparatus of this embodiment, the amount of scrap input can be changed in accordance with the rotation speed of the crushing rotor 11 to properly maintain the load on the shredder 3. When the crushing rotor 11 is overloaded, the crushing rotor 11 automatically operates to reduce the load.

By the way, the control device 20 can also cope with an abnormality in the hydraulic circuit of the feed roll 7.

That is, if the hydraulic circuit is abnormal, the hydraulic pressure detection sensor 2
When detected by 2, the control device 20 starts the hydraulic pressure abnormality elimination control as shown in FIG. 8 (200), that is, stops the carry-in conveyor 2 and opens the feed roll 7 at the opening 1 for 3 seconds. Reverse (201). After this, the sensor 2
If the abnormality is not detected from No. 2, the control device 20 ends the processing (206), while if the hydraulic pressure abnormality is detected (20
2) This time, while the rotation of the feed roll 7 is stopped, it is raised for 1 second (203), then the feed roll 7 is lowered and rotated in the forward direction, and the operation of the carry-in conveyor 2 is restarted to cause an abnormality. After the pressure is removed (204), the opening of the feed roll 7 is set to 1 (205), and the hydraulic pressure abnormality elimination control ends (206).

In addition to this, the control device 20 adjusts the power consumption by the notification signal of the demand controller 12. The so-called demand controller 12 issues a two-step notification signal, for example, when the usage amount approaches the contract value so as not to consume more power than the contract power amount during a power shortage such as in summer in a large power user, and calls attention. Then, the control device 20 to which this notification signal is input reduces the power consumption of the crushing device according to the flowcharts of FIGS. 9 and 10 (300). That is, from the demand controller 12 to the first
When the caution warning of the stage is issued, the control device 20 stops the carry-in conveyor 2 and also stops the rotation of the feed roll 7 and lowers it, and the scrap shredder 3
To reduce the load on the shredder 3 and further stop one of the two hydraulic pumps of the pre-shredder 1 to put it in a standby state to further reduce power consumption (301). After this, when the alarm is released (3
02), the control device 20 restarts the operation of the pump in which the preshredder 1 is stopped, restarts the operations of the carry-in conveyor 2 and the feed roll 7, and returns to the normal operation (307). On the other hand, when the demand controller 12 issues a stronger alarm that the power consumption is closer to the contracted power than in the second stage, the control device 20 also stops the other pump of the pre-shredder 1 that is operating (30
3) The state is continued until the alarm from the demand controller 12 is released (304). Then, when the second-stage strong alarm is released from the demand controller 12 (304), the control device 20 waits for 1 minute after the alarm is released, and then operates one of the hydraulic pumps of the preshredder 1. Then, the process returns to the standby state (305). After that, when the alarm of the first stage is further released (306), the control device 20 operates the other pump of the pre-shredder 1 and the carry-in conveyor 2 to normally rotate the feed roll 3 at the opening degree 1. (307) Then, the operation of the crushing device is restarted (308).

As described above, in this embodiment, it is possible to automatically deal with the abnormality of hydraulic pressure and the adjustment of the amount of electric power to reduce the burden on the operator.

[0035]

[Effect] The present invention is configured as described above, and controls the amount of scrap to be input to the shredder according to the rotation speed of the crushing rotor, so that the crushing process of the crushing device is always optimized and the crushing device is automatically operated. be able to. For this reason,
The burden on the operator can be reduced.

Further, it is possible to prevent the shredder from being overloaded during operation. Even if an overload should occur, the overload can be dealt with and the cause of the overload can be prevented by opening the opening / closing door, for example. It can also be removed automatically.

Further, even if an accident such as a bridge occurs in the entire apparatus, the accident can be detected by the sensor,
Processing can be performed to resolve the accident.

On the other hand, it is possible to automatically prevent an increase in power consumption by adjusting the processing amount of the load.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a function diagram of FIG.

[Fig. 3] Same as above

[Fig. 4] Same as above

[FIG. 5] Same as above

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment.

[FIG. 7] Same as above

[FIG. 8] Same as above

[FIG. 9] Same as above

FIG. 10 Same as above

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Pre-shredder 2 Carry-in conveyor 3 Shredder 4 Crushing chamber 5 Input port 6 Input chute 7 Feed roll 11 Crushing rotor 13 'Discharge door 20 Control device 21, 23 Scrap detection sensor 24 Tacho generator

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A conveyor for carrying in and a crusher having a crushing rotor in the crushing chamber are connected by a charging chute facing the charging port of the crushing chamber, and a feeding roller rotatably driven on the charging chute can approach and separate from each other. In the scrap crushing device provided in, a rotation speed detection device for detecting the rotation speed of the crushing rotor is provided, and the carry-in speed of the carry-in conveyor and the feeding chute of the delivery roller according to the output of the detection device. A crushing device for scrap, comprising a control device for changing one or both of the approaching and separating distance and the rotation state. 2. The scrap crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a scrap detecting device for detecting the presence or absence of scrap is provided above the carry-in conveyor and above the end of the carry-in conveyor in front of the delivery roller. A scrap crushing device characterized in that the output of each detection device is input to the control device. 3. The scrap crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a discharge door that opens and closes according to a detection output of the rotation speed detecting device is provided above the crushing chamber. Crushing device. 4. The scrap crushing apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a pre-processing machine for pre-processing scrap is provided in the preceding stage of the carrying-in conveyor, and the pre-processing machine, the carrying-in conveyor and the sending-out are provided. A scrap crushing device, characterized in that the control device is provided with means for determining the operating state of the roller by the power consumption of the crusher.