JPH044029B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an automatic control method for a waste crushing device.

A supply conveyor that cuts raw materials from a raw material hopper,
A series consisting of a feeder that compresses and supplies cut raw materials to a crusher, a crusher that crushes raw materials by impact and shear action, a sorting device that separates the crushed materials, and a storage hopper that temporarily stores the separated materials. A waste crushing treatment device is conventionally known.

Conventionally, such devices have been operated remotely by at least one operator in a central control room. Operators should check the crushing load using the ammeter of the drive motor for the crusher, and monitor images from television cameras installed in the raw material hopper, feeder, conveyor, storage hopper, etc. The supply amount is controlled by this.

The types, shapes, sizes, and properties of the waste that are subject to the crushing process by the above-mentioned equipment are various, such as tires, refrigerators, etc., which have extremely high crushing resistance,
This includes washing machines, tatami mats, pine tresses, polystyrene foam materials, etc., which have low crushing resistance but have the property of abnormally increasing their volume when crushed. Therefore,
Since the processing status within the apparatus changes significantly from moment to moment, the burden on the operator becomes heavy when attempting to operate the apparatus properly and with high efficiency. Furthermore, since there are individual differences in the operating skills of operators, there is a problem in that it is difficult to always operate stably under optimal conditions.

Therefore, it is required to automate the control part of waste treatment equipment.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling a crusher and peripheral equipment, which are important parts in such automation.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a crusher with a power consumption detector for the drive motor and a level meter for detecting the layer thickness of the crushed material in the discharge section, and detects the detection signals from these detectors and the level meter. When both detection signals are within the normal level range, the speed of the supply section is controlled to be kept constant, and when both detection signals are below the normal level, the speed of the supply section is increased. In addition, when either or both detection signals reach an abnormal level, the supply section is controlled to be decelerated or stopped.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a waste crushing apparatus, in which a supply conveyor 2 is provided below a raw material hopper 1 along the flow direction of crushed materials. The tip of the supply conveyor 2 faces onto an opening provided in the casing 4 of the supply section 3. There is a feeder 5 inside the casing 4.
is provided, and the waste supplied from the supply conveyor 2 is crushed by a feeder 5 to a constant thickness and then supplied to the crusher 6.

A vertical or horizontal rotor 7 having a hammer is provided inside the crusher 6, and a casing 9 of a discharge section 8 is communicated with the lower part of the crusher 6. Inside its casing 9 is a discharge conveyor 10
has been established.

The distal end of the above discharge conveyor 10 faces onto the transport conveyor 11. A magnetic separator 12 is provided above the tip of the conveyor 11, a sieve 13 is provided below the magnetic separator 12, and a plurality of storage hoppers 14 are provided below the magnetic separator 12 and the sieve 13. There is.

The above-mentioned supply conveyor 2, feeder 5, crusher 6, and discharge conveyor 10 each have an electric motor 15,
16, 17, and 18, and although not shown, the conveyor 11 and the magnetic separator 12 are also driven by required electric motors.

In addition, ultrasonic level meters 19, 20, 21, and 22 are provided above the raw material hopper 1, the upper part of the opening of the supply section 3, the discharge section 8, and the storage hopper 14, respectively, and the electric motor 17 of the crusher 6 is provided with ultrasonic level meters 19, 20, 21, and 22, respectively. A power consumption detector 23 is attached.

The above power consumption detector 23, each level meter 19,
20, 21, 22 are electrically connected to the central control device 24 so as to send detection signals to the same device, and each electric motor 15, 16, 17, 18 is
It is electrically connected to the control device 24 so as to be controlled by signals from the control device 24.

The above control device 24 includes each level meter 19, 2.
0, 21, 22 and the detection signal from the power consumption detector 23, each electric motor 15, 16, 17, 18
This is used to start, stop, and control speed.

An example of control in this case is as follows.

Operation start and stop When the level meter 19 of the raw material hopper 1 exceeds the lower limit level and a required operation command is issued, a start signal is issued from the control device 24 to the entire apparatus, and operation is started. When the level meter 19 falls below the lower limit level, or when the level meter 22 of the storage hopper 14 exceeds the upper limit level, a stop command is issued to the entire apparatus.

Control of Supply Conveyor When the level meter 20 detects that the amount of crushed raw material accumulated in the supply section 3 is below the lower limit level, the control device 24 issues a speed increase command to the electric motor 15 of the supply conveyor 2. Further, when the accumulated amount is within the normal range, the supply conveyor 2 is driven at a constant speed.

Further, when the upper limit level is exceeded, the supply conveyor 2 is stopped.

Control of the feeder, crusher, and discharge conveyor (see Figure 2) When the device is started, the detection signal from the power consumption detector 23 of the crusher 6 indicates that it is below the lower limit level LV, and the discharge conveyor 10 The detection signal from the level meter 21 is also at the lower limit level LV
If the condition is below, the feeder 5 is increased in speed. As a result, the discharge conveyor 10 is below the upper limit level HV, and the crusher 6 is at the rated level.
The speed increase of the feeder 5 continues until the NV is not reached.

When the discharge conveyor 10 exceeds the abnormal level AV due to the speed increase of the feeder 5, the feeder 5 is stopped. However, the speed is decelerated within a range that does not reach the abnormal level AV, and in either case, the speed is increased again when the discharge conveyor 10 reaches the lower limit level LV.

On the other hand, if the crusher 6 exceeds the rated level NV but does not exceed the upper limit level HV, the current speed of the feeder 5 is maintained. Also, exceeding the upper limit level HV,
If the overload level AV is not exceeded, the feeder 5 is decelerated. Furthermore, exceeding the overload level AV,
If the load does not exceed the heavy load level BV, the feeder 5 is stopped. If the heavy load level BV is exceeded, the crusher 6, feeder 5, and supply conveyor 2 are stopped, and after a certain period of time has elapsed by a timer, all machines after the discharge conveyor 10 are stopped. The heavy load level BV is exceeded when an abnormal situation occurs in the crusher 6, such as crushed objects being caught in the crusher 6, so after this abnormal situation is resolved, control is resumed from the initial state.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the feeder 5 is used in the supply section 3, but instead of using this feeder 5, the tip of the supply conveyor 2 is placed facing the crusher 6, and raw materials are directly supplied from the supply conveyor 2. may also be supplied. In this case, each detection signal from the detector 23 of the crusher 6 and the level meter 21 of the discharge section 8 causes the supply conveyor 2 to be moved to the feeder 5.
control in the same way.

As described above, the present invention controls the speed of the supply section based on the detection signal from the power consumption detector of the electric motor for driving the crusher and the level meter for detecting the thickness of the crushed material layer at the discharge section. Therefore, if the load on the crusher increases, or even if the load on the crusher is light but the layer thickness at the discharge section increases abnormally, the supply will be automatically adjusted according to the load and layer thickness. can be controlled.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the embodiment. 1... Raw material hopper, 2... Supply conveyor, 3...
...supply section, 5... feeder, 6... crusher, 8...
...Discharge section, 10...Discharge conveyor, 14...Storage hopper, 15, 16, 17, 18...Electric motor, 1
9, 20, 21, 22... Level meter, 23... Power consumption detector, 24... Control device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Automatic control of a waste shredding device, which has a shredded raw material supply section in the front stage of the shredder, a shredded material discharge part in the rear stage of the shredder, and is equipped with a control device for each drive part of the shredder, supply part, and discharge part as described above. In the method, the crusher is provided with a power consumption detector for the driving motor, and the discharge section is provided with a level meter for detecting the layer thickness of the crushed material, and detection signals from these detectors and the level meter are input to a control device, and both When the detection signal is within the normal level range, the speed of the supply section is controlled to be kept constant,
The supply unit is controlled to be accelerated when both of the detection signals become below a normal level, and the supply unit is controlled to be decelerated or stopped when either one or both of the detection signals becomes an abnormal level. Automatic control method for waste crushing equipment.