JP2007229625A - Overload prevention device of crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To smoothly operate a crusher by detecting the revolving speed of a crushing rotor and controlling the feed of an object to be crushed when the detected revolving speed becomes a set value or less. <P>SOLUTION: A rotation detection sensor 21 is provided on a driving unit on a belt drive type crusher 1. The nrevolving speed of the crushing rotor 3 is detected, and a feeder of the object to be fed to the crusher 1 is operated by a control unit 25 having a tachometer 23 to control the feed of the object. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher overload prevention device attached to a belt-driven crusher capable of crushing a large object to be crushed so as to avoid stopping the crusher drive in an overload state. is there.

  In the waste disposal site, crushing treatment is performed to reduce the volume of waste having a large shape. For this crushing treatment, a high-speed rotary crusher (for example, a hammer crusher) is often used so that metal wastes can be easily treated.

  In this high-speed rotary crusher (for example, a hammer-type crusher), a fixed blade provided on the casing side is struck with a hammer attached to a rotor rotating inside the crusher body (casing). While crushing the workpiece to be intervened by the rotor, between the screen and the rotor arranged concentrically with the rotating shaft of the rotor, the intervening crushed pieces are crushed and crushed, It is dropped from the screen gap and discharged. The rotor is driven by belt conduction in which a rotor having a hammer needs to be rotated at a high speed, so that a driving pulley is attached to the rotating shaft of the rotor and a plurality of V belts are wound from the motor pulley. . In addition, in this seed crusher, if the material to be crushed is not crushed during operation and an accident (overload) occurs between the casing and the rotor (hammer), an excessive crushing reaction will occur on the rotating shaft. The force is applied to cause a failure in the drive system, and sometimes it becomes impossible to operate. For this reason, the current value to the motor is detected as an overload prevention measure, and when the set current value is exceeded, the shredder supply device is automatically stopped. A system is adopted that regulates the supply amount of the object to be crushed to start the supply.

  In addition, as an overload prevention device in a crusher, a shear type crusher is known, but a shock absorber mechanism is provided at the speed reducer mounting portion of the belt drive unit so as to buffer a shock at the time of overload. (See Patent Document 1).

JP 2002-126553 A

  However, in the crusher, when a large amount of material to be crushed is charged, or when a large metal material to be crushed is inherently unsuitable for crushing, it is bitten by the crushing unit of the crusher. May cause overloading, making it difficult to crush and making the rotor impossible to rotate. In such a situation, since the rotor is driven by the belt, the belt driven by the motor is idled with respect to the drive pulley of the rotating shaft. Even if this state is reached, control is not performed unless the motor current value exceeds the set value, and if the belt continues to idle on the drive pulley of the rotating shaft, the belt will be heated by frictional heat with the drive pulley and smolder ignition The danger of doing. Further, in such a situation, there is a problem that the belt is damaged and normal operation cannot be performed. In other words, the belt drive type has a problem that the overload prevention means based on the current value of the motor during operation is insufficient. Further, if a buffer means as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided on the motor support side, the tension of the belt fluctuates each time the buffer means may be operated due to a temporary load increase during normal operation. There is also a problem that stable operation is not possible.

  In the present invention, in order to solve such a problem, when the number of rotations of the crushing rotor is detected and the set value or less is detected, the supply of the object to be crushed is controlled to facilitate the operation of the crusher. It aims at providing the crusher overload prevention apparatus which aims.

In order to achieve the above object, the crusher overload prevention device of the present invention comprises:
In the belt-driven crusher, a rotation detection sensor is provided in a drive unit, and the number of rotations of the crushing rotor is detected to control the supply of the object to be crushed (first invention).

  In the above invention, the supply of the object to be crushed is quantified by automatically controlling the start / stop of the object to be crushed by a plurality of preset values of the rotation speed detected by the rotation detection sensor. (2nd invention).

  Moreover, in the said invention, when the rotation speed detected with the said rotation detection sensor is less than the lowest setting value in the several preset value, it is good to make it stop the drive of a crusher (1st 3 invention). Furthermore, it is preferable that a level sensor is provided in the object to be crushed, and the supply is stopped when the object to be crushed in the supply unit exceeds a certain level by the level sensor (fourth invention).

  According to the present invention, since the rotation speed of the crushing rotor is detected by the rotation detection sensor to control the supply of the material to be crushed, the crushing process directly responds to the load state in the crushing unit. It is possible to prevent overloading and maintain continuous operation. Therefore, the operation of removing the object to be crushed due to the operation stop and the occurrence of the biting phenomenon caused by the overload can be eliminated, and the workability can be improved.

  In addition, by supplying the crushing object to the crushing machine by controlling the number of rotations of the crushing rotor in a plurality of stages, the crushing object supply amount to the crushing rotor is divided into multiple stages. There is an advantage that the operation according to the load condition can be performed and the operation can be continuously performed without interruption. And if it detects that the load has reached an excessive state exceeding the lower limit of the set rotation speed, not only the supply of the object to be crushed but also the operation of the crusher is stopped, thereby damaging the equipment. It can be avoided.

  Furthermore, an excessive supply to the crushing unit of the crusher can be prevented by providing a level sensor in the crushing material supply device and stopping the supply when the crushing material in the supply unit exceeds a certain level by the level sensor. There is an advantage that overload operation can be prevented.

  Next, specific embodiments of the crusher overload prevention device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a side view of a hammer type crusher equipped with the overload prevention device of the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a means for supplying a material to be crushed to the crusher. A system diagram is shown respectively.

  The crusher 1 to which the overload prevention device 20 of the present embodiment is attached includes a crushing rotor 3 in which a plurality of hammers 3a are radially attached to an outer peripheral portion, a main body casing 2 in which the crushing rotor 3 is contained, and a main body casing 2 A fixed blade 4 and a screen 5 for collaborating with the crushing rotor 3 to crush the object to be crushed and classifying and dropping the crushed pieces, and bearings 7 on both outer sides of the main casing 2. 7 and a drive shaft 10 that supports the crushing rotor 3 and a drive motor 10 that is wound around a drive pulley 8 attached to one end of the rotary shaft 6 by a belt 9 from a motor pulley 10a and applies a rotational force. It is a hammer type crusher having a well-known structure composed of a base 11 for supporting them. Reference numeral 12 in the figure denotes a belt cover.

  The overload prevention device 20 of this embodiment includes a regressive reflection type rotation detection sensor 21, a control unit 25 including a rotation / speed meter 23 and a controller 24, and is provided in a drive unit of the crusher 1. The regressive reflection type rotation detection sensor 21 includes a light detection sensor unit 21a and a reflection plate 21b. The reflection plate 21b is attached to one side of the drive pulley 8 attached to the shaft end of the rotation shaft 6 of the crushing rotor 3. The light detection sensor unit 21 a is attached to the outer surface of the main casing 2 of the crusher 1 at a position facing the locus circle in which the reflection plate 21 b rotates together with the drive pulley 8. In this rotation detection sensor 21, the light beam emitted from the light projecting unit of the light detection sensor unit 21 a is reflected by the reflection plate 21 b for each rotation of the drive pulley 8, and is received by the light receiving unit via the repeater 22. It is sent to the measuring part of the rotation / speed meter 23 for measurement. In this embodiment, the optical detection sensor unit 21 a is connected to the repeater 22 by an optical fiber 27, and the repeater 22 to the rotation / speed meter 23 are connected by a cable 28.

  The rotation / speed meter 23 is, for example, a digital type that can set a plurality of arbitrary rotation speeds (for example, “multi-type rotation / speed meter” RX-22 (manufactured by Keyence Corporation)). In response to this signal, the required number of revolutions is set in two stages. When the set rotation speed of the first stage set by the rotation / speed meter 23 is detected, the controller 24 connected to the crushing object supply device 15 installed on the upper side of the crusher 1 sends the crusher 1 to the crusher 1. The supply of the material to be crushed is limited. Moreover, when it becomes below the setting rotation speed of a 2nd step | paragraph, the driving | operation of the crusher 1 itself is stopped.

  In this embodiment, when the setting value of the rotational speed becomes 600 r.p.m to 550 r.p.m as the setting of the first stage, a first stage signal is transmitted, The supply is stopped, and the setting of the second stage is set to stop the drive motor 10 of the crusher 1 when a second stage signal is transmitted when, for example, 500 rpm or less.

  The said crushing object supply apparatus 15 is arrange | positioned so that it may connect with the conveyance part 16 which conveys a to-be-crushed object from a receiving location to the upper part of the crusher 1 with a conveyor, and the receiving port 2a upper part of the crusher 1 from the edge part of this conveyor. And the input unit 17 to be operated. In addition, the input unit 17 is provided with a level sensor 18 that detects by radiating radio waves in the horizontal direction, so that if the object to be crushed is fed beyond a certain level, the supply is restricted so that the supply is not excessive. A mechanism is provided. The supply is controlled by the first stage set value based on the rotation speed detection by stopping the driving of the transport unit 16 by the conveyor.

  In the crusher 1 provided with the overload prevention device 20 configured as described above, when the material to be crushed is fed into the input unit 17 by the transport unit 16 of the material to be crushed 15 in a normal state, the upper part of the crusher 1 is used. The material to be crushed is supplied from the receiving port 2a to the crushing portion in the main casing 2 and is struck by the hammer 3a of the crushing rotor 3 that rotates, and is sheared by the fixed blade 4 and the crushing rotor 3 and crushed by the screen portion 5 The crushed pieces that have been crushed and shredded are dropped and discharged from the screen eyes. During this normal operation, the light projected from the light projecting portion of the light detection sensor portion 21a attached to the outer surface of the main casing 2 is reflected by the reflector 21b attached to the side surface of the drive pulley 8 on the rotating shaft 6. Each time it rotates, it is reflected by the light receiving part of the light detection sensor part 21a, and the received light signal is transmitted to the rotation / speed meter 23 and integrated. When the number of rotations exceeding the set value in the first stage is counted, it is recognized as normal. Is done.

  When the load to be applied to the crushing rotor 3 is large, such as a large object or a metal lump, supplied to the crushing part, the rotation speed is reduced by the crushing reaction force, and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 6 is normal. Will be less than. Then, the detection of the number of rotations by the rotation detection sensor 21 is performed according to a preset set value, for example, 600 r. p. m to 550 r. p. When it decreases to m, a command signal from the rotation / speed meter 23 is given to the controller 24, and the drive unit (motor) of the transport unit 16 of the object supply device 15 is stopped to stop the supply of the object to be crushed. If it carries out like this, since the to-be-crushed object will not be continuously sent in in the main body casing 2, only the received to-be-crushed object will be crushed in the crushing part, and it can process, without increasing the load with respect to the crushing rotor 3. In this way, the crushing process is successively performed, and if the load acting on the crushing rotor 3 is reduced, the rotational speed is gradually recovered accordingly.

  If the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 6 exceeds the set value and operates in the recovery direction, the controller 24 drives the conveyance unit 16 of the object supply device 15 via the rotation / speed meter 23 with a signal from the rotation detection sensor 21. The control release (motor drive) signal is given to the section, and the supply of the object to be crushed is started again. In this way, normal operation can be restored.

  On the other hand, when the object to be crushed supplied in the crushing section becomes difficult to crush, and the load on the crushing rotor 3 is suddenly increased, the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 6 is remarkably reduced. In this case, first, when the rotational speed reaches the first stage setting value (for example, 600 to 550 rpm), as described above, the conveyance unit 16 of the object supply device 15 is stopped and a new object to be crushed is obtained. Stop the supply of goods. Even if the rotation speed is further reduced and the rotation falls below the second stage setting value (for example, 500 rpm), as set in advance by the controller 24, the drive motor 10 of the crusher 1 Stop operation. By doing so, the situation in which the belt 9 driven by the drive motor 10 idles on the drive pulley 8 is quickly stopped, and wear of the belt 9 is avoided. In other words, the operation of the crusher 1 is not continued in a state where it is difficult to crush, so that the work to be processed (the material to be crushed) that cannot be crushed is removed from the crushing portion in the main body casing 2. In addition, if the removal operation | work of a non-crushable substance is complete | finished, after making a crushing part normal, it can return to the present condition by starting the drive motor 10. FIG.

  As described above, according to the overload prevention device 20 of this embodiment, the rotation speed of the crushing rotor 3 (rotary shaft 6) in the crusher 1 is detected, and a plurality of rotation speed settings preset by the control unit are performed. According to the value, first, the supply of the object to be crushed to the crusher 1 is controlled and stopped in the first stage, the increase in the load in the crushing part is suppressed, and when the load is reduced, it can be automatically restored to the normal state. . Then, when a larger load is applied and the rotation of the crushing rotor 3 is significantly reduced, the driving of the crusher 1 itself is stopped to avoid an unreasonable operation, and in the drive unit of the crusher 1 The belt 9 is protected and the work is continued. By carrying out like this, crushing processing work can be carried out efficiently.

  Moreover, according to the present embodiment, in view of the fact that the crushing rotor 3 to which the load actually acts is used to prevent this overload, the rotational speed of the crushing rotor 3 decreases substantially in proportion to the increase of the load as compared with the normal time. By controlling in accordance with the change in the rotational speed, the overload prevention function can be more reliably exhibited.

  The rotational speed setting value described in the above description is not limited thereto, and can be arbitrarily set according to the capability of the crusher. The setting is not limited to two stages, and can be further subdivided as necessary. In addition, if the rotation detection sensor is a contactless type in construction, it does not stick to the above-described format.

Side view of a hammer type crusher provided with the overload prevention device of the present embodiment Plan view of FIG. System diagram showing the means to supply the material to be crushed

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Main body casing 3 Crushing rotor 6 Rotating shaft 8 Drive pulley 9 Belt 10 Drive motor 15 Crushed object supply apparatus 16 Conveyance part of the crushed object supply apparatus 17 Hopper 18 Level sensor 20 Overload prevention apparatus 21 Rotation detection sensor 23 Rotation speedometer 24 controller

Claims (4)

  A crusher overload prevention device, characterized in that a rotation detection sensor is provided in a drive unit of a belt-driven crusher, and the supply of a material to be crushed is controlled by detecting the rotation speed of a crushing rotor.   The number of rotations detected by the rotation detection sensor can be set to a plurality of preset values, and the start / stop of the object to be crushed can be automatically controlled to quantitatively supply the object to be crushed to the crusher. The crusher overload prevention device according to claim 1.   The crusher overload prevention according to claim 1, wherein when the number of rotations detected by the rotation detection sensor falls below a lowest set value among a plurality of preset set values, the crusher is stopped. apparatus.   3. The crusher overload prevention device according to claim 1, wherein a level sensor is provided in the supply unit of the object to be crushed, and the supply is stopped when the object to be crushed in the supply unit exceeds a certain level by the level sensor.

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