JPH0519236A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow multiplex driving by drastically decreasing the hysteresis of the transmittance-impressed voltage curve of the high-polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element. CONSTITUTION:This high-polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element is constituted by crimping a layer formed by allowing a transparent resin 12 and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric constant anisotropy to coexist and continuously forming the liquid crystal in the form of water drops or the liquid crystal in the resin or circulating the resin like the meshes of a net in the liquid crystal between a pair of electrodes X and Y. The resin has >=25 deg. contact angle with the liquid crystal material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A light-scattering type liquid crystal display element is a liquid crystal display element that controls the transmission and scattering of light by changing the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules. One of them is that the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is changed by heat and voltage. There are a heat-writing type liquid crystal display element that enables the liquid crystal display and a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element that changes the alignment of liquid crystal molecules by a voltage. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal substance is dispersed in a polymer substance or a structure in which a polymer substance is dispersed in a liquid crystal substance.

For example, NCAP (Society, Fore, Information, Display, International, Symposium, SID'85 Digest, 68 (1985)) and PDLC (Polymer) in which nematic liquid crystal is microencapsulated.
Dispersed LCD (Japan, Applied, Physics, J.Appl.Phys. 60 , 2142 (1986)) has been announced. These devices have a structure in which liquid crystals in the form of water droplets are dispersed in a translucent polymer substance, and when no voltage is applied, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the water droplets is Due to the interaction, it takes a roughly irregular array. At this time, since there is a difference between the refractive index of the polymer and the refractive index of the liquid crystal, the incident light is scattered. When a voltage is applied to this, in the molecular alignment of the liquid crystal, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the direction of the electric field. Light If substantially coincides with the refractive index of the liquid crystal (refractive index of ordinary light n _o) a polymer refractive index of at this time is transmitted.

As another example, a liquid crystal display device PN- having a structure in which a polymer is circulated in a liquid crystal material like a three-dimensional mesh.
LC (Polymer Network LCD 15th Liquid Crystal Conference 2B1
2,2B13 (1989)). It is said that this operation principle is different from the scattering / transparent switching based on the difference between the refractive index of the polymer and the refractive index of the liquid crystal as described above, but when no voltage is applied, the light scattering intensity is liquid crystal refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n - when (refractive index of extraordinary light n _e index of refraction of the ordinary n _o) is large, high when a large degree of randomness of the [Delta] n. Further, when a voltage is applied, the light transmittance increases when the order of Δn is increased.

In these liquid crystal display devices, in general, in order to increase the degree of light scattering, the particle size of the liquid crystal capsules or the size of the three-dimensional mesh of the resin is controlled to about 1 to 2 μm. There is. This is because if the average void is too large, the number of times of light scattering is small, and if it is too small, it approaches the wavelength of visible light, so that light scattering is suppressed.

In general, the change of light transmittance with respect to the applied voltage of these liquid crystal display elements (transmittance-applied voltage curve)
Has a so-called hysteresis, which is different when the voltage is increased and when it is decreased. The transmittance-applied voltage curve does not follow the same locus when the voltage is increased from 0 volt to V volt and when the voltage is continuously decreased from V volt to 0 volt, and draws a hysteresis curve.

On the other hand, the liquid crystal display element is generally driven by time division (multiplex drive). This is because according to this method, the number of wires connecting the electrodes of the liquid crystal display element and the drive circuit can be reduced, and the productivity is excellent.

When such a driving method is applied to a liquid crystal display element, the same locus is obtained when the transmittance-applied voltage curve of the liquid crystal display element is increased and when it is decreased. The premise is to follow. When driving a liquid crystal display device having a large hysteresis in the transmittance-applied voltage curve, the ratio of the effective voltage of the drive voltage that specifies the ON pixel to the effective value voltage that specifies the OFF pixel is absorbed by the hysteresis voltage width. , A display in which the difference between the transmittance of the ON pixel and the transmittance of the OFF pixel cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is difficult to multiplex drive a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device having a large hysteresis in the transmittance-applied voltage curve.

[0009]

As described above, in the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element, it is difficult to perform multiplex driving because of a large hysteresis in the transmittance-applied voltage curve.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device capable of multiplex driving by significantly reducing the hysteresis of the transmittance-applied voltage curve as described above. Has an aim.

[0011]

According to the present invention, a translucent resin and a liquid crystal substance having a positive dielectric anisotropy are mixed between a pair of electrodes, and the liquid crystal is water droplets in the resin. Shape or
In a liquid crystal display element comprising a layer formed by continuously forming the liquid crystal in the resin, or a layer formed by sandwiching the resin in the liquid crystal like a mesh, the resin is the liquid crystal substance. The present invention provides a liquid crystal display element characterized by being a resin having a contact angle of 25 degrees or more.

[0012]

A liquid crystal display device having a layer in which a resin and a liquid crystal substance are mixed is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, for example, a structure in which the liquid crystal is dispersed in the resin in the form of water droplets, or the resin is mixed in the liquid crystal. In a structure that stretches in a three-dimensional network, the liquid crystal is aligned by the alignment control ability of the resin surface, and normally the liquid crystal is disordered on the resin surface (for example, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule is horizontal to the resin wall surface). , Its orientation is various).

FIG. 2A shows a structure in which a liquid crystal is dispersed in a resin in the form of water droplets. Transparent electrodes X and Y are formed on two glass substrates 11, 11 and a resin 12 and a liquid crystal capsule 13 in the form of water droplets are placed in a gap arranged so that these transparent electrodes face each other.
Is formed. At this time, the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 14 is shown in FIG.
As shown in, the major axis of the molecule is horizontal with respect to the resin wall surface 12a, and the orientation thereof is various.

Consider a case in which after the liquid crystal molecule alignment is changed by an external stimulus such as an electric field, the external stimulus is removed and the liquid crystal is realigned. For example, when an electric field is applied to the transparent electrodes X and Y, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules inside the liquid crystal capsule 13 in the form of water drops are aligned perpendicular to the transparent electrodes. Next, when the voltage is removed to return the liquid crystal to the initial alignment, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules try to be aligned horizontally with respect to the resin wall surface, but a disordered portion in which the directions are not aligned occurs. It is considered that this occurs because the alignment regulating force of the resin wall surface is weak.

Therefore, means for increasing the alignment regulating force of the resin wall surface is taken. For example, the liquid crystal is vertically aligned with respect to the resin surface. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2C, in the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 14, the long axes of the molecules are perpendicular to the resin wall surface 12b. Thus, if the resin wall surface is provided with the alignment regulating force, the liquid crystal can be easily realigned. This is because the direction taken by the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the resin wall surface is defined as one direction.

As described above, in order for the liquid crystal to be vertically aligned with respect to the resin surface, it is sufficient that the resin itself has a vertical alignment property in advance. That is, providing the resin itself with a vertical alignment function acts to reduce the hysteresis of the transmittance-applied voltage curve.

A contact angle is one of the criteria for expressing the surface condition of such a resin. In this case, the contact angle is a measure of the wetting between the resin and the liquid, and represents the degree to which the affinity of the liquid for the resin overcomes the surface tension. FIG. 3 shows a general contact angle measuring method. For example, the liquid crystal 15 is dropped on the resin 12 to obtain the contact angle θ. The larger the contact angle, the harder it is to wet, and the smaller the contact angle, the easier it is to wet.

The contact angle of the resin with respect to the liquid crystal is related to the alignment state of the liquid crystal. The larger the contact angle of the resin with respect to the liquid crystal, the longer the axis of the liquid crystal molecules tends to be aligned perpendicular to the resin substrate. On the contrary, when the contact angle of the resin with respect to the liquid crystal is small, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules tend to be aligned horizontally with respect to the resin substrate. In this case, the directions of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are disordered in the plane of the resin substrate, but if the resin substrate is subjected to a rubbing orientation treatment, a horizontal alignment state in which the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the rubbing direction can be obtained.

As a concrete example, there is one in which the pretilt angle obtained when the resin-formed substrate is subjected to the rubbing orientation treatment is controlled by the contact angle of the resin substrate (Proceedings of the 13th Liquid Crystal Symposium, page 13). Described in). As described above, the vertical alignment regulating force of the resin surface on the liquid crystal is associated with the contact angle of the resin surface on the liquid crystal.

The initial orientation of the liquid crystal is obtained on the wall surface of the resin. For example, the liquid crystal has a structure in which the liquid crystal is dispersed in the form of water droplets, or a structure in which the resin is three-dimensionally spread in the liquid crystal, In a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device in which the particle size of the capsules or the size of the three-dimensional mesh of the resin is approximately 1 μm to 2 μm, the contact angle of the resin with respect to the liquid crystal is small from the viewpoint of the orientation of the resin with respect to the liquid crystal. In some cases, a resin having a large contact angle, in which the liquid crystal easily takes a vertical alignment, is better, and when the contact angle of the resin with respect to the liquid crystal is 25 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less, the hysteresis of the transmittance-applied voltage curve is significantly increased. It was experimentally found to be reduced. Preferably, it is 45 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less.

When the contact angle is 45 degrees or more, the alignment regulating force is more exerted, so that the effect can be obtained even when the particle size of the liquid crystal capsules in the form of water drops varies from approximately 1 μm to 2 μm, and the liquid crystal element can be obtained. It is useful when manufacturing. Further, in the range where the contact angle exceeds 75 degrees, the alignment regulating force is strong and the threshold voltage tends to increase, so the contact angle is preferably 45 degrees or more and 75 degrees or less.

[0022]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be shown below.

[Embodiment 1] In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a multiplex driving liquid crystal display device.
As shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal display panel 10 has a plurality of scanning lines Y.
(Y1 Y2 Y3 ... YN) and plural signal lines X (X1 X2 X
3 ... XM) are arranged so as to face each other in a matrix, and the scanning lines Y and the signal lines X are connected to the scanning line electrode driving section 20 and the signal line electrode driving section 30, respectively. The scanning line electrode drive unit 20 and the signal line electrode drive unit 30 output the voltage supplied from the drive voltage generation circuit 50 to the liquid crystal display panel 10 based on the signal from the control unit 40. The liquid crystal display panel 10
As shown in FIG. 2 (a), a liquid crystal is dispersed in a resin in the form of water droplets. Transparent electrodes X and Y are formed on two glass substrates 11 and 11, respectively. , Y
A transparent resin 12 and liquid crystal capsules 13 in the form of water droplets are dispersed and formed in a gap arranged so as to face each other.

That is, the obtained polymer dispersed liquid crystal display element has a layer 16 in which a resin and a liquid crystal substance are mixed between two electrodes. The resin constituting the mixture is a transparent, acrylic ultraviolet curable resin (NOA65 manufactured by Noland Co.) having a refractive index of 1.524 and a monobasic chromium complex (FC-805 manufactured by 3M Co.) as a vertical aligning agent. The thing added 3 weight percent was used. A cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal (E8 manufactured by BDH) was stirred at a weight ratio of 1: 1 at room temperature for 5 minutes with this resin. This has a diameter of about 20 μm
The glass fiber of was mixed and sandwiched between two substrates with electrodes to obtain a uniform cell thickness, which was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 30 minutes to cure the ultraviolet curable resin to obtain a liquid crystal display element. The liquid crystal display element has a structure in which liquid crystals are dispersed in the resin in the form of water droplets.
This diameter was approximately 1 μm to 2 μm.

In order to obtain a transmittance-applied voltage curve, He-Ne laser light was made incident on this liquid crystal display element, and the transmittance was measured. The spot diameter of the light was 2 mm, and the transmitted laser light was detected by a photodiode located at a distance of 20 cm from the liquid crystal display element. This element showed a favorable scattering state with a transmittance of about 0.5% when no voltage was applied.

In FIG. 4, the applied voltage (AC 7
0Hz) is increased to 50V and gradually decreased from 50V to 0V, showing a transmittance-applied voltage curve.
The transmittance was about 80% (maximum transmittance) when a voltage of 50 V was applied. Here, the voltage at which the transmittance is half the maximum transmittance is Vup50 (when rising) and Vdown50 (when falling), and the difference between Vup50 and Vdown50 is the hysteresis magnitude ΔV.
It is defined as. In the case of this embodiment, Vup50 = 22V, Vdown50
= 21.1 V, the magnitude of hysteresis is ΔV = 0.
It showed a small value of 9V. At this time, the contact angle θ of the resin with the liquid crystal was 25 degrees.

In the case of the multiplex driving waveform by the frame inversion method, the liquid crystal driving voltage is generated by the driving voltage generating circuit 50 and is composed of six potentials, as shown in FIG. 1 (a). For example, a circuit 50 as shown in FIG. 1B obtains drive voltages V0 to V5 in descending order of potential based on the power supply voltage Vc. The drive voltage waveforms of the scanning lines and the signal lines are obtained by combining these potentials. In Figure 5,
An example of a liquid crystal drive voltage waveform when designating an ON pixel is shown.

(A) is a drive waveform of the scanning line, V0 is a selection potential, V5 is a selection potential at the time of polarity reversal, V4 is a non-selection potential, and V1 is a non-potential selection potential at the time of polarity reversal.

(B) is a drive waveform of a signal line, V5 is a potential for designating an ON pixel, V0 is a potential for designating an ON pixel at the time of polarity inversion, V3 is a potential for designating an OFF pixel, and V2 is for a potential inversion. This is a potential that specifies an off pixel.

Therefore, the voltage waveform applied to the liquid crystal when the ON pixel is designated is (c). Similarly, in FIG.
7A and 7B show voltage waveforms (c) applied to the liquid crystal when the off pixel is designated by the selection and non-selection potentials of (a) and (b).

In multiplex drive, FIG. 5 (c)
The maximum amplitude of the ON voltage waveform of (the magnitude of V0-V5) is generally called the liquid crystal drive voltage Vop, and other than V3-V4, V4-V5, V1
The magnitude of -V2, V0-V1 is called the bias voltage Vp, and these V3-V4, V4-V5, V1-V2, V0-V1 are usually set equal. Here, the ratio between the liquid crystal drive voltage Vop and the bias voltage Vb is called the bias ratio (Vop / Vb) and is represented by B.

Since the liquid crystal has a property of responding to the effective value of the applied voltage, the voltage waveforms in FIGS. 5C and 6C are generally expressed in terms of the ratio of the effective value voltage. That is, the effective voltage of the ON voltage waveform of FIG.
Assuming that the ratio of the effective voltage of the off-voltage waveform in (c) is M,
It is indicated that the larger M is, the higher the contrast ratio is likely to be obtained. According to a general calculation, the number of scanning lines driven by the bias ratio B is N, and when B is N ^1/2 +1, the magnitude of M has a maximum value, and M is ((N ^1/2 +1 ) / (N ^1/2 −
1)) Take a size of ^1/2 . For example, the number of scan lines is 8
In the book, M is 1.45, which means that the voltage applied to the ON pixel is 1.45 times the applied voltage applied to the OFF pixel. When actually using such a driving method, the voltage ratio M In the range of, the liquid crystal display element must respond. When driving a liquid crystal display device having a large hysteresis in the transmittance-applied voltage curve, it is necessary that the voltage ratio M is not absorbed by the hysteresis voltage width ΔV.
Specifically, the case where the number of scanning lines is 8 will be described. When the voltage for OFF is set to 20 V, for example, the voltage for ON is 1.45 times 29 V, so that the magnitude ΔV of the hysteresis is at least. Must be less than 9 volts. If the contrast ratio is taken into consideration in this way, it is desirable that the voltage width of the hysteresis be close to 0 volt.

In the multiplex drive of this embodiment,
The liquid crystal cell has eight electrodes for the scanning lines Y and 64 electrodes for the signal lines X on the glass substrate 11 shown in FIG.
These electrode groups are arranged so as to face each other in a matrix.

This device is multiplexed driven with a bias ratio B = 4 and a liquid crystal driving voltage Vop = 60 V (effective voltage 17 V applied to off pixels, effective voltage 25 V applied to on pixels). When projected onto a screen, a good display with a contrast ratio of 8 was obtained for any display pattern. That is, in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device of this embodiment, hysteresis hardly occurs, multiplexing is possible, and a high contrast ratio is obtained.

[Embodiment 2] A liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Embodiment 1, except that the amount of the monobasic chromium complex added to the ultraviolet curable resin was increased to more than 0.3% by weight.
Each liquid crystal display element was manufactured in the case of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 2, 5 weight percent. Each of the liquid crystal display elements had a structure in which liquid crystals were dispersed in the resin in the form of water droplets, and the diameter was approximately 1 μm to 2 μm.

The contact angle of the resin is such that the addition amount of the monobasic chromium complex is 0.4 weight percent to 0.6, 0.8, 1,
35, 50, as it increases to 2, 5 weight percent
It increased to 55, 60, 65 and 75 degrees. At this time, the magnitude of hysteresis ΔV is 0.8, 0.65V, 0.6,
It decreased to 0.55, 0.5, 0.4.

Next, the glass substrate with a patterned electrode was used as the substrate to manufacture these liquid crystal display elements. The number of electrodes is 8 for scanning lines and 64 for signal lines, and these electrode groups are arranged so as to face each other in a matrix.

These elements were multiplexed driven with a bias ratio B = 4 in the same manner as in Example 1 and projected on a screen. The addition amount of the monobasic chromium complex was changed from 0.4 weight percent to 0.6,0. .8, 1, 2, 5 weight percent increasing contrast ratios 9, 11, 13,
Good display of 15, 17, and 19 was obtained in any display pattern.

[Comparative Example 1] The liquid crystal display device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the vertical alignment agent (FC-805) was not added to the UV curable resin (NOA65 manufactured by Norland). Was produced. The obtained liquid crystal display element had a structure in which liquid crystals were dispersed in the resin in the form of water droplets, and the diameter was approximately 1 μm to 2 μm. When this transmittance-applied voltage curve was measured, Vup50 = 26.5V, Vdo
wn50 = 21.5V, the magnitude of hysteresis is ΔV =
It showed a large value of 4.5V. The contact angle of the resin formed at this time with the liquid crystal was 15 degrees.

Next, using the same production method, eight scanning lines
When a liquid crystal display element having 64 signal lines was manufactured and was multiplexed driven in the same manner as in Example 1 and projected on a screen, a contrast ratio of 2.5 could be obtained depending on the driving voltage, but the display screen could not be updated, which was excellent. No indication was obtained.

[Comparative Example 2] Next, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display element was the same as in Example 1, except that the concentration of the vertical alignment agent (FC-805) added to the ultraviolet curable resin (NOA65 manufactured by Norland). And the contact angle of the resulting resin to the liquid crystal was set to less than 25 degrees. Here, the addition amount of the monobasic chromium complex was 0.2% by weight, and the contact angle was 22.5 degrees. The liquid crystal display element had a three-dimensional mesh of resin and the size of the gap was approximately 1 μm to 2 μm, and the liquid crystal was inserted into the gap. The magnitude of the hysteresis of the transmittance-applied voltage curve is almost the same as that of Comparative Example 1, and Vup50 = 25.3V and Vdown50 = 21.V.
At 2V, the magnitude of hysteresis was as large as ΔV = 4.1V.

Next, using the same manufacturing method, eight scanning lines
When a liquid crystal display element having 64 signal lines was manufactured and subjected to multiplex driving in the same manner as in Example 1 and projected on a screen, a contrast ratio of 2.8 was obtained depending on the driving voltage, but the display screen could not be updated. Good display was not obtained.

[Example 3] The resin constituting the mixture was a transparent, acrylate-based UV-curable resin having a refractive index of 1.5 (3052 manufactured by ThreeBond Co., Ltd.) as a vertical alignment agent, and a monobasic chromium complex (3M Co.). FC-805) manufactured by 0.5% by weight was used. A cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal (E8 manufactured by BDH) was stirred at a weight ratio of 1: 1 at room temperature for 5 minutes with this resin. A glass fiber having a diameter of about 20 μm was mixed with this mixture and sandwiched between two substrates with electrodes to obtain a uniform cell thickness. 30 UV rays here
It was irradiated for minutes to cure the ultraviolet curable resin.

The obtained polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device has a state in which liquid crystals are dispersed in a mesh-like resin having a gap of 1 μm or less and a water-drop-like liquid crystal capsule having a particle size of 1 to 10 μm in the resin. It had a mixed structure of dispersed states. The contact angle of the resin thus formed with the liquid crystal is 45.
It was degree.

This element showed a good scattering state with a transmittance of about 0.9% when no voltage was applied. With a voltage (AC 70 Hz) of 150 V applied, a transmittance of about 65
%showed that. The voltage was gradually increased to 150 V, and then the voltage was gradually decreased to 0 V to check the magnitude of hysteresis.

In the case of this embodiment, Vup50 = 68.8V, Vdo
wn50 = 66.9V, the magnitude of hysteresis is ΔV =
The value was as small as 1.9V.

Next, a liquid crystal display device was manufactured in which the amount of the monobasic chromium complex added to the ultraviolet curable resin was increased. The contact angle of the resin increased to 45, 60, 75, 78 degrees as the amount of the monobasic chromium complex added increased from 0.5 weight percent to 1, 2, 5 weight percent. At this time, the magnitude of hysteresis ΔV is 1.9V,
It decreased to 1.5V, 1.1V and 0.9V. Also, Vup
50 are 68.8V, 69V, 69V and 75V, respectively, and the operating voltage tends to increase when the contact angle exceeds 75 degrees.

Comparative Example 3 Next, the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display element was the same as that of Example 3, except that the concentration of the vertical alignment agent (FC-805) added to the ultraviolet curable resin (3052 manufactured by ThreeBond Co., Ltd.). And the contact angle of the resulting resin with respect to the liquid crystal was set to less than 45 degrees. Here, the addition amount of the monobasic chromium complex was 0.4% by weight, and a contact angle of 40 degrees was obtained. The liquid crystal display element has a liquid crystal with a gap of 1 μm.
The state of being dispersed in the following network resin and the particle size is 1
It had a structure in which liquid crystal capsules in the form of water droplets of 10 μm were dispersed in a resin. The magnitude of the hysteresis of the transmittance-applied voltage curve was ΔV = 11V, which was significantly larger than that in Example 3.

[0049]

According to the present invention, there is provided a voltage-controlled light-scattering liquid crystal display device in which the hysteresis of the transmittance-applied voltage curve of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal display device is significantly reduced and multiplex driving is possible. be able to.

[0050]

[Detailed Description of Drawings]

[0051]

1A is a plan view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a multiplex drive liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 1B is a circuit diagram showing a drive power supply circuit.

[0052]

2A is a sectional view conceptually showing a part of the display panel in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 2B and 2C are diagrams showing an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules on a resin surface.

[0053]

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a contact angle θ of resin with liquid crystal.

[0054]

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a transmittance-applied voltage curve of a liquid crystal display element.

[0055]

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing drive potentials (a) and (b) for multiplex drive, and a voltage waveform (c) applied to a liquid crystal when an ON pixel is designated.

[0056]

FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of driving potentials (a) and (b) for multiplex driving and a voltage applied to a liquid crystal when an off pixel is designated.

Claims (1)

Claim: What is claimed is: 1. A transparent resin and a liquid crystal substance having a positive dielectric anisotropy are mixed between a pair of electrodes, and the liquid crystal is in the form of water droplets or A liquid crystal display element in which the layer in which the liquid crystal is continuously formed in the resin, or the layer in which the resin is wound like a mesh is sandwiched in the liquid crystal, wherein the resin is A liquid crystal display element, which is a resin having a contact angle of 25 degrees or more with a liquid crystal substance.