JPH05157370A - Sollar light collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To collect solar light with high efficiency by fixing a light receiver and moving a linear Fresnel lens. CONSTITUTION:A solar light collector has an oblong light collector 2 arranged at or in the vicinity of the place where solar light is converged by a linear Fresnel lens 1. The solar light collector adjusts the position of the linear Fresnel lens 1 according to changes of angle of incidence of solar light due to changes of seasons and elapsing of time during a day.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar light concentrating device that efficiently collects sunlight using a relatively simple device and uses the light.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various developments have been made on a device that collects sunlight and uses its heat generation, or a technique that collects sunlight to obtain electric energy by photoelectric conversion.
In any case, it is essential that the concave mirror or the lens (including both the Fresnel lens and the ordinary lens) efficiently converge the sunlight and irradiate it on the light receiving surface.

However, the position of the sun not only changes from the east direction to the west direction during the day from sunrise to sunset, but also changes from the south direction to the north direction depending on the season, and these changes cause the incidence of sunlight. The angle is 2
It will change dimensionally.

In response to such a change in the incident angle of the sun's rays, as an example of the conventional technique, the direction toward the sunlight of the condenser lens or condenser reflecting mirror is changed in response to the change of the season and the day. According to a predetermined calculation formula, it was rotated and changed sequentially.

However, when a linear Fresnel lens having a long width or a long width is used to converge the sunlight in a line shape, the direction of the lens toward the sunlight is sequentially rotated according to the incident angle conversion. Change requires a considerable space, and in order to rotate the lens according to a change in the angle of the day, a large rotation moment is required, which is extremely inconvenient to control.

In view of such a situation, in concentrating sunlight by a linear Fresnel lens, as shown in FIG.
There is a configuration in which a plurality of line-shaped light collectors 2 having a V-shaped cross-section on the light-receiving surface of the light collector are arranged to cope with a change in angle due to changes in seasons and time of day.

However, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the focal point of the sunlight does not always exist on the light receiving surface 21 of the condenser 2 or in the vicinity thereof, and the sunlight is condensed at a high density, or It is insufficient in that high-temperature heat collection is possible, and there is a drawback that the area of the light collecting surface is large and the burden on economic cost is large.

On the other hand, the applicant has filed an application prior to the present application with a structure in which the linear Fresnel lens is fixed and the concentrator is moved in response to a change in the incident angle of sunlight.
This is superior to the conventional technology in that the design cost is lower and the device can be moved in a relatively compact space, but heat is used by the condenser. In many cases, the concentrator is often a direct water reservoir or is directly connected to it, so moving the concentrator is linked to moving the water heater integrated with it. , The effort is extremely large.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention overcomes the problems of the prior art as described above, and collects sunlight in a high density even though it is a relatively simple device. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device that enables use or use of photoelectric change due to sunlight.

[0010]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the structure of the present invention is such that a collector having an elongated shape is installed along or near the converging position of sunlight by a linear Fresnel lens, and The solar light concentrator is based on adjusting the position of the linear Fresnel lens in response to the change of the incident angle with the change of the light season and the change of the incident angle with the passage of time of the day.

First, the principle of the configuration of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 2B shows a change in incident angle in the north-south direction of sun rays due to a change in season.

When the width direction of the line-shaped light collector is fixed to the direction (east-west direction) orthogonal to the sunlight at the time of autumn and equinoxes, the incident direction of the sunlight is relative to the equinox and autumnal equinox depending on the change of season. When the angle α is deviated in the north-south direction, the focus position of the linear Fresnel lens 1 for the equinox and autumn equinox lies on the fixed condenser, so that the linear Fresnel lens is Is the vertical direction (X
Direction), it is required to move by ΔX ₁ = F sin α (F: focal length of linear Fresnel lens) (note that in FIG. 2B, the center point of the linear Fresnel lens 1 in the vertical direction is S ₀ to S
_The movement is indicated by moving to position ₁ . However, in FIG. 2B, since the clockwise direction <direction of the summer solstice> is set as the positive direction, the counterclockwise direction <direction of the winter solstice> is the negative direction, and the magnitude of the ΔX ₁ is It can take both positive and negative values. This also applies to the following mathematical formulas. ).

On the other hand, in the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 (this is the Y direction), the focal position is reduced by ΔY ₁ = F (1-cos α) due to the deviation angle α, so that the linear Fresnel lens Lens 1
Is required to be moved by said distance.

In FIG. 2, the horizontal width direction of the Fresnel lens (in FIG. 2B, the X axis and the Y axis). However, this shows the angular direction at noon on each day.

The angle α in FIG. 2B will be described in order to explain the change in the angle of the sunlight according to the change in the time of day.
The incident light is β in the east-west direction.
FIG. 2 (a) shows a state in which the angle is deviated only by.

However, FIG. 2 (A) shows Y which is orthogonal to the XY plane.
Since it is the Z plane and the incident light of the sunlight is deviated from the YZ plane by the angle α, the declination β itself cannot be expressed in FIG. Instead, by projecting this onto the plan view of FIG.
There is no choice but to express it by an argument β ′ that satisfies β ′ = tan β · cos α.

In this case, since the change of the focal point position in the Z direction is ΔZ = Fsinβ, it is required to move the linear Fresnel lens in the Z direction by the above distance.

Here, the change in the focal position in the X and Y directions when the sun ray is deviated by β from the noon position will be examined. The focal length of is reduced by cosβ times in FIG.

Therefore, when the incident light of the sun is deviated by α compared with the case of autumnal equinox and spring equinox, and when the incident light of the sun is deviated by β compared with the case of noon, the vertical width ( The distance of the linear Fresnel lens to be moved in the (X direction width) is ΔX ₂ = Fcosβsinα (note that in FIG. 2B, the linear Fresnel lens 1
The movement of the distance ΔX ₂ is shown by moving the center point of the vertical width of S ₁ from S ₁ to S ₂ . )

Similarly, the distance to move the linear Fresnel lens in the focal direction in the above case is

ΔY ₂ = F (1-cosαcosβ).

Here, in the case of performing light collection from 8:00 to 16:00, which is the most efficient light collection throughout the year, −60 ° ≦ β ≦ 60 °, and the time t and β are The relationship of

Β = 15 (12-t) (where, t is a variable representing time).

On the other hand, the average range of declination in Japan from spring and autumn equinox to winter solstice and summer solstice is −23.5 ° ≦ α ≦ 23.5 °.

At the time of 36 ° north latitude, the horizontal direction of the line Fresnel lens 1 is set to the east-west direction, and the focus direction is set to the incident direction of autumnal and spring equinox sun rays.
When the displacements in the X and Y directions corresponding to the change in angle on the day are obtained, according to the science chronology, the angle of the sunlight with the horizontal plane at noon at 36 ° north latitude is as shown in FIG. It is 65 °.

Therefore, since α = 65 °-(90 ° -36 °) = 11 °, ΔX ₂ = Fsin 11 ° cos (12-t) 15 ° ΔY ₂ = F {1-cos 11 ° .cos (12-t) 15 °} ΔZ = Fsin (12-t) 15 °.

In FIG. 3, since the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens coincides with the incident direction of sunlight at the time of autumn and equinoxes, the focal direction projected on the horizontal plane is the true south direction, and The vertical width direction and the horizontal angle of the linear Fresnel lens 1 coincide with the north latitude (36 °).

However, depending on the installation conditions, the angle as shown in FIG. 3 cannot be set. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the vertical width direction and the horizontal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 are set at 36 ° north latitude. When the angle (in the XY plane) is 30 °, and the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 is projected on a horizontal plane, as shown in FIG. 5, when installed in a state of facing south-southeast. Does not represent the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 and the sunlight incident direction display at noon in the equinox or autumn equinox.

In such a case, the adjustment distances in the vertical width direction, the horizontal width direction and the focus direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 must be calculated based on a standard different from the case of FIG.

When the deviation angles α and β of the linear Fresnel lens 1 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 on August 21 are obtained, α = 65 °-(90 ° -30 °) = 5 ° β = (12-t) × 15 ° -22.5 °, ΔX ₂ = Fsin5 ° cos {(12-t) 15 ° -22.5 °} ΔY ₂ = F [1-cos5 ° cos {(12-t) 15 ° -22.5 °}] ΔZ = 250sin {(12-t) 15 ° -22.5 °}.

With reference to the above-mentioned general principle and its example, description will be given below in accordance with an embodiment.

[0033]

[Embodiment 1] Embodiment 1 shows a configuration in which the position of the condenser is faithfully adjusted according to changes in the deflection angles α and β of incident light.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B,
Arms 4 are connected to both ends of the linear Fresnel lens 1 from both ends of the line-shaped collector 2 in the width direction, and the arms 4 are rotated in both the width direction and the length direction of the line-shaped collector 2. By adjusting the deflection angle α and β, the direction of the arm 4 is adjusted to be the same as the incident direction of sunlight (in FIG. 8, the deflection angle β itself is expressed. This is the same as in the case of FIG. 3 in that it cannot be expressed and must be expressed by β ′ that satisfies tan β ′ = tan β · cos α.

The arm 4 is designed so that the line-shaped linear Fresnel lens 1 is fixed to the position where the line-shaped condenser 2 is located at the focal length of the linear Fresnel lens 1. wherein the angular adjustment, the displacement of the concentrator will satisfy each expression of the _{△ X 2, △ Y 2,} △ Z of.

The incident light of sunlight changes slowly in the north-south direction due to the change of seasons, whereas it changes rapidly in the east-west direction due to the time change of one day.

Therefore, although the angle of deviation α can be manually adjusted, it is appropriate for the angle of deviation β to change the angle of the arm by an automatic device (not shown) according to the change of time. ..

[0038]

Second Embodiment In the first embodiment, the adjustment is performed by rotating the arm 4 in the lateral width direction of the line-shaped light collector 2 according to the change in the deflection angle β. If the length of the condenser 2 is designed to be large, it is not necessary to adjust the position of the linear Fresnel lens 1 depending on the deviation angle of the incident light of sunlight in one day.

Focusing on this point, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, as in the case of the first embodiment, at both ends of the line-shaped collector 2 in the lateral width direction. A long hole 41 is provided in the arm 4 in order to rotatably connect the arm 4 and support the linear Fresnel lens 1 in a movable state along the arm.

The condenser 2 is designed to be longer than the lateral width direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1, and the arm 4 can be displaced along the deflection angle α, but the angle can be adjusted along the deflection angle β. (This part is different from that of Example 1).

Instead, if the driving Fresnel lens 1 is moved along the elongated hole 41 of the arm 4 so that the drive cam 5 satisfies the above ΔY ₂ in the Y direction with the displacement of β, the linear Fresnel lens 1 is moved. since the position of would also satisfy the △ X _2, linear Fresnel lens 1 it will be adjusted so that there exist at the focal point of the sunlight.

In the second embodiment, the drive cam 5 is the arm 4
It is provided near both lateral sides of the line-shaped collector 2 like
A long hole 51 is provided inside similarly to the arm 4, and the linear Fresnel lens 1 moves in a state of being supported in the long hole 51 according to the change of the deviation angle α.

In the second embodiment as well, it is possible to manually adjust the angle of the arm in accordance with the deviation angle α of the incident angle of sunlight due to the change of seasons. It is reasonable to use (not shown).

[0044]

[Third Embodiment] In the third embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the Z direction of the linear collector 2 is designed to be sufficiently long, and the arm depends on the declination α. The point that the angle is adjusted and the point that the drive cam 5 that adjusts the position in the focal direction is provided are the same as in the second embodiment.

However, the drive cam 5 in the third embodiment is movably installed on the arm 4 as shown in FIG. 8B, and is independent of the arm 4 as in the second embodiment. The drive cam 5 itself does not have the elongated hole 51 for moving the condenser 2.

The coordinates of the light receiving surface on the XY plane with the origin at the center point of the linear Fresnel lens 1 in FIG.
(Fcosβsinα, Fcosβcosα).

Therefore, since OP = F cos β, in the third embodiment, the deviation of the incident light of the sunlight of one day can be observed along the arm 4 regardless of the value of the deviation angle α (regardless of the change of season). By moving the drive cam in accordance with the angle β, it becomes possible to collect the sunlight on the condenser 2 (in this sense, the third embodiment has a drive cam more than the second embodiment does. 5
Is easy to control. ).

Also in the third embodiment, the angle of the arm can be manually adjusted according to the deviation angle α, but the drive cam 5 is adjusted by using an automatic device (not shown). Relevance is the same as in the first and second embodiments.

[0049]

Fourth Embodiment In each of the first, second and third embodiments, a linear condenser 2 is used.

However, in the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), the light receiving surface 21 of the condenser 2 is shown.
The cross-sectional view of the plane in the XY direction is substantially V-shaped, the angle of the substantially V-shaped is (180 ° -α °), and the angle of the light-receiving surface 21 with respect to the vertical width direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 is α /. In the case of 2, if the position of the linear Fresnel lens 1 having a V-shaped cross section is adjusted in the Y direction according to the deflection angle β, the focus of the sunlight is automatically focused to a substantially V-shaped cross section. It exists on the surface of the container 2.

This point means that if the central portion P of the cross section of the light collector 2 having a substantially V-shaped cross section is located at the position (0, Fcoxβ) in the XY plan view shown in FIG. The position Q of the coordinates at which the sun rays incident by α intersect the light receiving surface 21 having a substantially V-shaped cross section is (Fcosβsinα, Fcos
A Betashioesuarufa), which is exactly the linear Fresnel lens 1 in the X direction △ _X 2 = Fcosβsinα only displaced position, and in the Y direction _{△ Y 2 = F (1-} cosβcos
It will be clear from the fact that it is nothing but the position displaced by α).

In other words, in the fourth embodiment, if the angle of the light receiving surface 21 having a substantially V-shaped cross section is manually changed according to the seasonal deviation angle α, the deviation angle β due to the change of time of day is obtained. On the other hand, only by adjusting the linear Fresnel lens in the Y direction, it becomes possible to focus the sun rays on the light receiving surface at the focal position of the Fresnel lens.

[0053]

Fifth Embodiment In the fifth embodiment, the adjustment is performed based on the deviation angle (α) of the incident light due to the change of the season, but the adjustment is not performed based on the deviation angle (β) of the incident light according to the time change of the day. An example is shown.

The light receiving surface of the light collector is designed in the widthwise direction as shown in FIG. 10 (a) so as to have an arc shape in which the side of the linear Fresnel 1 is recessed, and as shown in FIG. 10 (b). The light receiving surface 21 of the light collector 2 is designed to be wide in the vertical direction.

In this case, what is designed on the circular arc is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), the focus is closest to the linear Fresnel lens at sunrise and sunset, and the farthest position at noon, so it should be as close to the focus at each time as possible. This is because the light receiving surface is designed.

The size of the diameter of the arc is not particularly specified, but as shown in FIG. 10 (a), the east-west ends and the east-west direction where the sunlight converges at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm When the center position is defined by the three points where the sunlight converges at noon, the light receiving surface 21 can be located near the focal point of the sunlight for a whole day.

In the sixth embodiment, it is impossible to design the light receiving surface 21 to be wide in the vertical direction so that all the light receiving surfaces 21 are in the focal position at each time, and In the case of deviation, it is based on the fact that sunlight illuminates the light receiving surface with a constant vertical width.

Also in the fifth embodiment, the arms 4 are connected to both ends of the line-shaped condenser 2 in the horizontal width direction so as to be rotatable in the vertical width direction.

The position where the arm 4 fixes the linear Fresnel lens 1 is designed so that the position of the condenser 2 is approximately the focal length of the linear Fresnel lens 1 (from the original, the deviation angle β Since the position of the condenser is not adjusted in accordance with the above, and the condenser itself has an arc shape as described above, even if the distance from the coupling portion with the linear Fresnel lens 1 is made to exactly match the focal length, It doesn't mean much.)

In the above construction, by shifting the angle of the arm in the vertical direction in accordance with the declination (α) associated with the seasonal variation, it is possible to collect sunlight with good efficiency.

[0061]

[Embodiment 6] In each of the above embodiments, the linear Fresnel lens 1 adjusts its position in the front-rear direction and the lateral width direction while maintaining the parallel state with respect to the condenser 2.

However, when the sun rays enter the linear Fresnel lens in an oblique direction, the luminous flux condensed by the linear Fresnel lens becomes smaller than that in the case where they are orthogonal to each other, and the aberration of the light at the focal point is also. It has the drawback of being large.

In order to solve this point, conventionally, a structure in which a linear Fresnel lens is revolved around a condenser is implemented.

However, revolving a linear Fresnel lens having a considerable width in the lateral direction requires a large space and requires a complicated apparatus.

In the sixth embodiment, the linear Fresnel lens itself is arranged such that the surface of the linear Fresnel lens is orthogonal to the incident light ray in response to the change of the incident angle of sunlight, the change of the time of day, or both of them. Figure 11 (a),
As shown in (b), a configuration is adopted in which it rotates in response to a change in the incident angle (note that FIG. 11 shows a case in which the incident angle changes in one day, and in FIG. It shows the case according to the change of.

The structure for rotating the linear Fresnel lens can be performed simultaneously with the movement of the linear Fresnel lens in the front-rear direction and the lateral width direction as shown in Examples 1 to 5, and can be used in combination with each of the above-mentioned examples. It is a composition.

[0067]

[Seventh Embodiment] The seventh embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that the linear Fresnel lens is rotated, and the light receiving surface of the light receiver is rotated according to the change of the incident angle of sunlight.

Generally, in photoelectric conversion, when the light receiving surface is at or near the focal point, the temperature of the light receiving surface becomes too high, and the efficiency of the material undergoing photoelectric conversion decreases.

In order to avoid this, the light-receiving surface is intentionally shifted from the focal length, or the uneven surface of the linear Fresnel lens is designed so that two focal points are produced, as shown in FIGS. However, a configuration is conceivable in which the light-receiving surface is arranged at a portion where both ends intersect (indicated by a point Q in FIG. 12).

In such a case, when the lateral width of the light receiving surface has a certain limit, when the light is obliquely directed to the sunlight, the collected sunlight is received as shown in FIG. Loss will occur due to not irradiating the surface.

On the other hand, in the case where the light receiving surface is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the incident sunlight due to rotation,
As shown in (a), the loss area becomes narrow.

Furthermore, when the linear Fresnel lens and the light-receiving surface are both designed to be orthogonal to the incident sunlight by also using the technique of Example 6, the loss area is further reduced, and The light flux to be condensed also increases.

[0073]

As described above, the present invention is designed to focus sunlight on or near the surface of the light collector by a simple structure in which the light receiver is fixed and the light collector is moved. Therefore, it is possible to collect sunlight efficiently.

On the other hand, in the present invention, it is possible to operate the device in a relatively compact space while using the linear Fresnel lens, and at the same time the design cost is low, but the sunlight can be efficiently used. It is extremely convenient in that it can collect light.

Further, even when the water is heated by using solar heat, the linear Fresnel lens is simply moved without moving the water reservoir integrated with the light receiver. The burden is less than when the light receiver is moved, and as in the sixth and seventh embodiments,
It is possible to be compatible with the technique of rotating the linear Fresnel lens or the light receiver itself.

As described above, the present invention has various advantages over the prior art and its value is enormous.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a concentrator used in a conventional solar collector using a linear Fresnel lens.

FIG. 2A is a side view showing the displacement of the linear Fresnel lens in the lateral width direction and the focal direction according to the time change of the day.

[FIG. 2 (B)] Side view FIG. 2B shows the displacement in the vertical direction and the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens at the position of the focal point of sunlight according to the seasonal variation.

[Fig. 3] Cross-sectional view The declination α of 21st August is shown at the point of 36 ° north latitude.

[Fig. 4]

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a linear Fresnel lens at a latitude of 36 ° north, which has a 30 ° inclination with respect to the north-south direction and the angle of the focal direction projected on the horizontal plane is south-southeast (22.5 ° from south). August 21 when installed on the east side)
The declination angles α and β of the day are shown.

[Fig. 6 (a)],

FIG. 6B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of the first embodiment.

[Fig. 7 (a)],

FIG. 7B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of the second embodiment.

[Fig. 8 (a)],

FIG. 8B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of the third embodiment.

[Fig. 9 (a)],

FIG. 9B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of Example 4.

[Fig. 10 (a)],

FIG. 10B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of the fifth embodiment.

[Figure 11 (a)]

FIG. 11B is a vertical cross-sectional view and a cross-sectional view in the horizontal width direction showing the configuration of the sixth embodiment.

[Fig. 12 (a)],

FIG. 12B is a lateral cross-sectional view showing the structure of the seventh embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Linear Fresnel lens 2: Concentrator 21: Light receiving surface 3: Incident light ray 4: Arm 41: Long hole of arm 5: Driving cam 51: Long hole of driving cam

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. An elongated concentrator is installed along or near the converging position of sunlight by a linear Fresnel lens having an uneven line in the width direction, and the incident angle according to the seasonal change of sunlight. A concentrating device for sunlight based on the adjustment of the position of the linear Fresnel lens in response to the change and the change of the incident angle with the passage of time of one day. 2. The line-shaped concentrator is rotatably coupled in both the widthwise direction and the widthwise direction at both ends in the lateral width direction, and a focal point exists at the position of the concentrator from the coupling part. The sunlight condensing device according to claim 1, wherein an arm for fixing the linear Fresnel lens is provided at the adjusted position, and the position of the linear Fresnel lens is adjusted by this arm. 3. An arm supported rotatably in the longitudinal direction is connected to both ends of the line-shaped concentrator in the lateral direction, and these arms move the linear Fresnel lens along the arm. By supporting freely, by providing a drive cam for moving the linear Fresnel lens according to the change of the incident angle of the sunlight with the passage of time,
The sunlight condensing device according to claim 1, wherein the position of the linear Fresnel lens is adjusted. 4. The light-receiving surface of the concentrator is designed to be substantially V-shaped on the sunlight side, and the position of the linear Fresnel lens is changed in the focal direction according to the change of the incident angle of the sunlight with the passage of time. 2. The adjustment of the angle of the central portion of the substantially V-shaped surface of the light receiver according to the change of the incident angle due to the change of the season of the sun while the adjustment of the angle is performed. Concentrator of sunlight. 5. The surface of the light collector is designed to have an arc shape that is recessed toward the linear Fresnel lens side, and is designed to have a width in the vertical direction. The arm supported in a freely rotatable state is connected, and the linear Fresnel lens is fixed at a position approximately the focal length from the position where the arm is connected. The sunlight condensing device according to claim 1, wherein the position of the lens is adjusted. 6. The sunlight concentrating device according to claim 1, wherein the linear Fresnel lens is rotated according to the incident angle of sunlight. 7. A light receiving surface of a light receiver is rotated according to a change in incident angle of sunlight, and the light receiving surface is rotated.
The described solar concentrator 8. The sunlight concentrating device according to claim 1, wherein the position of the sunlight is adjusted by using an automatic device in response to a change in incident angle of sunlight with a change in time of day. 9. The sunlight concentrating device according to claim 1, wherein the position is manually adjusted with respect to a change in incident angle of sunlight due to a change in season.