JPH06159814A - Converging device for sunlight - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To converge the sunlight at a high efficiency by fixing a linear Fresnel lens, and moving a light interceptor. CONSTITUTION:At a converging location for the sunlight by a linear Fresnel lens 1, or along the vicinity, a converging device 2 with a long and narrow shape is provided, and the location of the converging device 2 is adjusted in response to the change of the incidence angle in the north-south direction accompanying with the seasonal change of the sunlight, and the change of the incidence angle in the east-west direction accompanying with the time progress for one day, for the converging device for the sunlight.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sunlight concentrating device which efficiently condenses sunlight by a relatively simple device and uses it.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various developments have been made on a device that collects sunlight and uses its heat generation, or a technique that collects sunlight to obtain electric energy by photoelectric conversion.
In any case, it is essential that the concave mirror or the lens (including both the Fresnel lens and the ordinary lens) efficiently converge the sunlight and irradiate it on the light receiving surface.

However, the position of the sun not only changes from the east direction to the west direction during the day from sunrise to sunset, but also changes from the south direction to the north direction depending on the season, and these changes cause the incidence of sunlight. The angle is 2
It will change dimensionally.

In response to such a change in the incident angle of the sun's rays, as an example of the conventional technique, the direction toward the sunlight of the condenser lens or condenser reflecting mirror is changed in response to the change of the season and the day. According to a predetermined calculation formula, it was rotated and changed sequentially.

However, when a linear Fresnel lens having a long width or a long width is used to converge the sunlight in a line shape, the direction of the lens toward the sunlight is sequentially rotated according to the incident angle conversion. Change requires a considerable space, and a large rotation moment is required to rotate the lens according to a change in the angle of the day, which is extremely inconvenient to control.

In view of such a situation, in concentrating sunlight by a linear Fresnel lens, as shown in FIG.
There is a configuration in which a plurality of line-shaped light collectors 2 having a V-shaped cross-section on the light-receiving surface of the light collector are arranged to cope with an angle change due to a seasonal change and a time change of a day.

However, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the focal point of the sunlight does not always exist on the light receiving surface 21 of the condenser 2 or in the vicinity thereof, and the sunlight is condensed at a high density, or It is insufficient in that high temperature heat collection is possible, and there is a drawback that the area of the light collecting surface is large and the burden on the economic cost is large.

[0008]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the above-mentioned problems and collects sunlight in a high density even though it is a relatively simple device, thereby efficiently utilizing solar heat or It is an object of the present invention to provide a device that enables utilization of photoelectric change due to sunlight.

[0009]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the structure of the present invention is such that a condenser having an elongated shape is installed along the sunlight converging position by a linear Fresnel lens or its vicinity, and Concentration of sunlight based on adjustment of the position of the concentrator in response to incident angle changes in north-south direction due to changes in light season and east-west incident angle changes over time in one day Composed of equipment.

First, the principle of the configuration of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 2B shows a change in incident angle in the north-south direction of sun rays due to a change in season.

[0012] When the width direction of the linear Fresnel lens is fixed to the direction (east-west direction) orthogonal to the sunlight at the autumn equinox and the equinox, the incident direction of the sunlight is angle α with respect to the equinox and the autumn equinox depending on the change of the season. only when you are declination in north-south direction, vernal time and autumnal equinox position of the focal point of the linear Fresnel lens 1 with respect to time is, per vertical width direction of the Fresnel lens 1 (hereinafter referred to as X-direction), △ X ₁ = Fsin α (F: focal length of linear Fresnel lens), the position of the condenser 2 is also required to move in the vertical direction by the above distance (however, in FIG.
In (b), since the clockwise direction <direction of the summer solstice> is set as the positive direction, the counterclockwise direction <direction of the winter solstice> is the negative direction, and the magnitude of ΔX ₁ is a positive value and It can take both negative values. This also applies to the following mathematical formulas. ).

On the other hand, in the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 (this is the Y direction), the focal position moves to the Fresnel lens 1 side by ΔY ₁ = F (1-cos α) due to the deviation angle α. It is required to move the collector 2 by the distance.

In FIG. 2, the lateral width direction of the Fresnel lens (in FIG. 2, the X-axis and the Y-axis Which shows the angular direction at noon on each day.

To explain the change in the angle of sunlight depending on the change in the time of day, the angle α in FIG.
The incident light is β in the east-west direction.
FIG. 3 shows a state in which the angle is deviated only.

However, FIG. 2 (A) shows Y which is orthogonal to the XY plane.
Since it is the Z plane and the incident light of sunlight is deviated from the YZ plane by an angle α, the declination β itself cannot be expressed in FIG. Instead, by projecting this onto the plan view of FIG.
There is no choice but to express it by an argument β ′ that satisfies β ′ = tan β · cos α.

In this case, since the change in the focal position in the Z direction is ΔZ = Fsinβ, it is required to move the condenser in the Z direction by the above distance.

Here, the change in the focal position in the X and Y directions when the sun ray is deviated by β from the noon position will be examined. The focal length of is reduced by cosβ times in FIG.

Therefore, when the incident light of the sun is deviated by α compared with the case of autumnal equinox and spring equinox, and when the incident light of the sun is deviated by β compared with the case of noon, the linear Fresnel lens The distance of the condenser to be moved in the vertical width (width in the X direction) is ΔX ₂ = Fcosβsinα.

Similarly, the distance to move the condenser in the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens in the above case is

ΔY ₂ = F (1-cosαcosβ).

Here, in the case of performing light collection from 8:00 to 16:00, which is the most efficient light collection throughout the year, −60 ° ≦ β ≦ 60 °, and the time t and β are The relationship of

Β = 15 (12-t) (where, t is a variable representing time).

On the other hand, the average range in Japan of the declination from the spring equinox and autumn equinox to the winter solstice and summer solstice is −23.5 ° ≦ α ≦ 23.5 °.

At the time of 36 ° north latitude, the horizontal direction of the line Fresnel lens 1 is set to the east-west direction, and the focal direction is set to the incident direction of the autumnal and spring equinox sun rays.
When the displacements in the X and Y directions corresponding to the change in angle on the day are obtained, according to the science chronology, the angle of the sunlight with the horizontal plane at noon at 36 ° north latitude is as shown in FIG. It is 65 °.

Therefore, since α = 65 °-(90 ° -36 °) = 11 °, ΔX ₂ = Fsin 11 ° cos (12-t) 15 ° ΔY ₂ = F {1-cos 11 ° .cos (12-t) 15 °} ΔZ = Fsin (12-t) 15 °.

In FIG. 3, since the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens coincides with the incident direction of sunlight at the autumn equinox and the equinox, the focal direction projected on the horizontal plane is the true south direction, and The vertical width direction and the horizontal angle of the linear Fresnel lens 1 coincide with the north latitude (36 °).

However, the angle cannot be set as shown in FIG. 3 depending on the installation conditions. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the vertical width direction and the horizontal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 are set at 36 ° north latitude. When the angle (in the XY plane) is 30 °, and the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 is projected on the horizontal plane, as shown in FIG. 5, when installed in a state of facing south-southeast. Does not represent the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 and the sunlight incident direction display at noon in the equinox or autumn equinox.

In such a case, the adjustment distances in the vertical width direction, the horizontal width direction and the focus direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 must be calculated based on a standard different from the case of FIG.

When the deflection angles α and β of the linear Fresnel lens 1 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 on August 21 are obtained, α = 65 ° − (90.−30 °) = 5 ° β = (12-t) × 15 ° -22.5 °, ΔX ₂ = Fsin5 ° cos {(12-t) 15 ° -22.5 °} ΔY ₂ = F [1-cos5 ° cos {(12-t) 15 ° -22.5 °}] ΔZ = 250sin {(12-t) 15 ° -22.5 °}.

With reference to the above-mentioned general principle and its example, description will be given below in accordance with an embodiment.

[0032]

[Embodiment 1] Embodiment 1 shows a configuration in which the position of the condenser is faithfully adjusted according to changes in the deviation angles α, β of the incident light.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B,
Arms 4 are coupled from both ends of the linear Fresnel lens 1 in the width direction to both ends of the linear condenser 2, and the arms 4 are rotatable in both the width direction and the length direction of the linear Fresnel lens. Adjusts the direction of the arm 4 to be different from the incident direction of sunlight according to the changes of the declination angles α and β (note that the declination angle β itself cannot be expressed in FIG. tan β ′ = tan β · cos
Fig. 3 shows that there is no choice but to express it by β ', which satisfies α.
It is similar to the case of. ).

The position where the arm 4 fixes the line-shaped condenser 2 is designed to be the position of the focal length from the coupling position with the linear Fresnel lens. Therefore, by adjusting the angle of the arm 4, The displacement of the condenser is the above-mentioned ΔX ₂ , Δ
Each equation of Y ₂ and ΔZ is satisfied.

The incident light of sunlight changes slowly in the north-south direction due to the change of seasons, whereas it changes rapidly in the east-west direction due to the time change of the day.

Therefore, although the angle .alpha. Can be manually adjusted, it is appropriate to change the angle of the arm .beta. By an automatic device (not shown) according to the change of time. .

[0037]

Second Embodiment In the first embodiment, the adjustment is performed by rotating the arm 4 in the lateral width direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 in accordance with the change in the deflection angle β. If the length of 2 is designed to be large, the light collector 2 will be adjusted depending on the deviation angle of the incident light of sunlight in one day.
There is no need to adjust the position of.

Focusing on this point, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the arm 4 is rotated at both ends in the lateral width direction of the Fresnel lens 1 as in the first embodiment. A long hole 41 is provided in the arm 4 in order to couple the light collector 2 in a freely movable state and to support the light collector 2 in a movable state along the arm.

The condenser is designed to be longer than the widthwise direction of the Fresnel lens, and the arm can be displaced along the deflection angle α, but the angle is not adjustable along the deflection angle β ( Parts are different from those in Example 1).

[0040] If instead, the drive cam 5 a collector 2 with the displacement of the β is moved along the long hole 41 of the arm 4 so as to satisfy the △ Y ₂ and Y directions, the condenser because would also satisfy the △ X _2, collector 2 will be adjusted so that there exist at the focal point of the sunlight.

In the second embodiment, the drive cam 5 is the arm 4
Like the above, the linear Fresnel lens is provided near both lateral sides, and the elongated hole 51 is provided inside like the arm 4, and the condenser 2 is supported in the elongated hole 51 according to the change of the deviation angle α. Move in the state.

In the second embodiment as well, although it is possible to manually adjust the angle of the arm according to the deviation angle α of the incident angle of sunlight due to the change of seasons, an automatic device is used for the movement of the drive cam. It is reasonable to use (not shown).

[0043]

[Third Embodiment] In the third embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the Z direction of the linear collector 2 is designed to be sufficiently long, and the arm is designed according to the declination α. The point of adjusting the angle and the point of having the drive cam 5 for adjusting the position in the focal direction are the same as those of the second embodiment.

However, the drive cam 5 in the third embodiment is movably installed on the arm 4 as shown in FIG. 8B, and is independent of the arm 4 as in the second embodiment. The driving cam 5 itself is not provided with the elongated hole 51 for moving the condenser 2.

The coordinates on the XY plane of the condenser in FIG. 11 are P (Fcosβsinα, Fcosβcos
α).

Therefore, since OP = Fcos β, in the third embodiment, the deviation of the incident light of the sunlight of one day can be observed along the arm 4 regardless of the value of the deviation angle α (regardless of the change of season). By moving the drive cam in accordance with the angle β, it becomes possible to collect sunlight on the condenser 2 (in this sense, the third embodiment is more driven than the second embodiment. 5
Is easy to control. ).

Also in the third embodiment, the angle of the arm can be manually adjusted according to the deviation angle α, but the drive cam 5 is adjusted by using an automatic device (not shown). Relevance is the same as in the first and second embodiments.

[0048]

Fourth Embodiment In each of the first, second and third embodiments, a linear condenser 2 is used.

However, in the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), the light receiving surface 21 of the condenser 2 is shown.
The cross-sectional view of the plane in the XY direction is substantially V-shaped, the angle of the substantially V-shaped is (180 ° -α °), and the angle of the light-receiving surface 21 with respect to the vertical width direction of the linear Fresnel lens 1 is α /. In the case of 2, if the position of the light collector 2 having the V-shaped cross section is adjusted in the Y direction according to the deflection angle β, the focus of the sunlight is automatically focused to the V-shaped cross section. It exists on the surface of the container 2.

This point is biased if the central portion P of the cross section of the light collector 2 having a substantially V-shaped cross section in FIG. 9B is located at the position (O, Fcoxβ) in the XY plane of FIG. The position Q of the coordinates at which the sunlight ray incident at the angle α intersects the light receiving surface 21 having a substantially V-shaped cross section is (Fcosβsinα,
Fcosβcosα), which is Δ in the positive X direction.
X ₂ = Fcosβsinα only displaced position, and in the Y direction _{△ Y 2 = F (1-} cosβcosα) will be apparent from the fact that nothing but only displaced position.

That is, in the fourth embodiment, if the angle of the light-receiving surface 21 having a substantially V-shaped cross section is manually changed according to the seasonal deviation angle α, the deviation angle β due to the change of the time of day is set. Only by adjusting the Y direction, it becomes possible to collect the sun rays on the light receiving surface at the focal position of the Fresnel lens.

[0052]

Fifth Embodiment In the fifth embodiment, although the adjustment is performed based on the deviation angle (α) of the incident light due to the change of the season, the adjustment is not performed based on the deviation angle (β) of the incident light due to the time change of the day. An example is shown.

The light receiving surface of the light collector is designed in the lateral direction as shown in FIG. 10 (a) so as to have an arc shape in which the linear Fresnel 1 side is recessed, and as shown in FIG. 10 (b). The light receiving surface 21 of the light collector 2 is designed to be wide in the vertical direction.

In this case, what is designed on the circular arc is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), the focus is closest to the linear Fresnel lens at sunrise and sunset, and the farthest position at noon, so it should be as close to the focus at each time as possible. This is because the light receiving surface is designed.

The size of the diameter of the arc is not particularly specified, but as shown in FIG. 10 (a), the east and west end portions where the sunlight converges at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm and the east and west directions. When it is determined by the three positions of the central position where the sunlight converges at noon, it is possible to position the light receiving surface 21 in the vicinity of the focal point of the sunlight for almost all day.

In the sixth embodiment, it is impossible to design the light receiving surface 21 to be wide in the vertical direction so that all the light receiving surfaces 21 are at the focal position at each time, and In the case of deviation, it is based on the fact that sunlight illuminates the light receiving surface with a constant vertical width.

Also in the sixth embodiment, the arms 4 are connected to both ends of the linear Fresnel lens 1 in the lateral width direction so as to be rotatable in the longitudinal width direction.

Then, the position where the arm 4 is fixed to the condenser 2 is designed so as to be at the position of approximately the focal length from the part where the arm 4 is coupled to the Fresnel lens 1 (from the original, the deviation angle β
Since the position of the condenser is not adjusted in accordance with the above, and the condenser itself has an arc shape as described above, even if the distance from the coupling portion with the linear Fresnel lens 1 is exactly matched with the focal length, It doesn't make sense. ).

In the above structure, by shifting the angle of the arm in the vertical direction in accordance with the angle of deviation (α) due to the seasonal variation, it is possible to collect sunlight with good efficiency.

[0060]

As described above, the present invention is designed to focus sunlight on or near the surface of the light collector by a simple structure in which the light collector is moved while fixing the linear Fresnel lens. Therefore, it is possible to collect sunlight efficiently.

On the other hand, in the present invention, it is possible to operate the device in a relatively compact space while using the linear Fresnel lens, and at the same time the design cost is low, but the sunlight can be efficiently used. It is extremely convenient in that it can collect light, and its value is enormous.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a concentrator used in a conventional solar collector using a linear Fresnel lens.

FIG. 2A is a side view showing the displacement of the linear Fresnel lens in the lateral width direction and the focal direction according to the time change of the day.

[FIG. 2 (B)] Side view FIG. 2B shows the displacement in the vertical direction and the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens at the position of the focal point of sunlight according to the seasonal variation.

[Fig. 3] Cross-sectional view The declination α on August 21 is shown at a point of 36 ° north latitude.

[Fig. 4]

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the linear Fresnel lens at a latitude of 36 ° north latitude, which has an inclination of 30 ° to the horizon with respect to the north-south direction, and the angle of the focal direction projected on the horizontal plane is south-southeast (22.5 ° from the south). August 21 when installed on the east side)
The declination angles α and β of the day are shown.

[Fig. 6 (a)],

FIG. 6 (b)] A longitudinal width direction side sectional view and a lateral width direction side sectional view showing the constitution of Example 1.

[Fig. 7 (a)],

FIG. 7B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of the second embodiment.

[Fig. 8 (a)],

FIG. 8B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of the third embodiment.

[Fig. 9 (a)],

FIG. 9B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of Example 4.

[Fig. 10 (a)],

FIG. 10B is a vertical width direction side sectional view and a horizontal width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of the fifth embodiment.

[Explanation of attachment]

 1: Linear Fresnel lens 2: Condenser 21: Light receiving surface 3: Incident light ray 4: Arm 41: Long hole of arm 5: Drive cam 51: Long hole of drive cam

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] January 12, 1994

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] Brief description of the drawing

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a concentrator used in a solar collecting apparatus using a conventional linear Fresnel lens.

FIG. 2A is a side view showing the displacement of the linear Fresnel lens in the lateral width direction and the focal direction according to the time change of the day.

[FIG. 2 (B)] Side view FIG. 2B shows the displacement in the vertical direction and the focal direction of the linear Fresnel lens at the position of the focal point of sunlight according to the seasonal variation.

[Fig. 3] Cross-sectional view The declination α on August 21 is shown at a point of 36 ° north latitude.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the linear Fresnel lens at a latitude of 36 ° north, which has an inclination of 30 ° to the horizon in the north-south direction and the angle of the focal direction projected on the horizontal plane is south-southeast (22.5 ° from south). August 21 when installed on the east side)
The declination angles α and β of the day are shown.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the linear Fresnel lens at a latitude of 36 ° north latitude, which has an inclination of 30 ° to the horizon with respect to the north-south direction, and the angle of the focal direction projected on the horizontal plane is south-southeast (22.5 ° from the south). August 21 when installed on the east side)
The declination angles α and β of the day are shown.

6 (a) and (b) a longitudinal width direction side sectional view and a lateral width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of Example 1.

7 (a) and (b) a longitudinal width direction side sectional view and a lateral width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of Example 2.

8A and 8B are a longitudinal width direction side sectional view and a lateral width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of Example 3;

9 (a) and (b) a longitudinal width direction side sectional view and a lateral width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of Example 4.

10 (a) and (b) a longitudinal width direction side sectional view and a lateral width direction side sectional view showing the configuration of Example 5.

[Description of References] 1: Linear Fresnel lens 2: Focusing 21: Light receiving surface 3: Incident light ray 4: Arm 41: Arm long hole 5: Drive cam 51: Drive cam long hole

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Fig. 10

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 10]

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An elongated concentrator is installed along or near the converging position of sunlight by a linear Fresnel lens, and the incident angle changes with the change of the season of the sun and the change of the day with time. A concentrating device for sunlight based on adjusting the position of the concentrator in response to a change in incident angle. 2. The linear Fresnel lens is rotatably coupled at both ends in the widthwise direction in both the widthwise direction and the widthwise direction, and a linear shape is provided at a position of a focal length of the linear Fresnel lens from the coupling portion. The solar light collecting device according to claim 1, wherein an arm for fixing the light collector is provided, and the position of the light collector is adjusted by the arm. 3. An arm supported rotatably in a longitudinal direction is connected to both ends of a linear Fresnel lens in a lateral direction, and the arms move a linear light collector along the arm. The position of the concentrator can be adjusted by supporting it freely and providing a drive cam for moving the line-shaped concentrator according to the change in the incident angle of the sunlight with the passage of time. The solar light concentrator according to claim 1, which is performed. 4. The light receiving surface of the concentrator is designed to be substantially V-shaped on the sunlight side, and the position of the concentrator is linear according to the change of the incident angle of the sunlight with the passage of time. The adjustment is performed in the focal direction of the Fresnel lens, and the size of the angle of the central portion of the substantially V-shaped light receiving surface is adjusted according to the change of the incident angle due to the change of the season of the sun. The sunlight concentrating device according to claim 1. 5. The surface of the concentrator is designed to have an arc shape that is recessed toward the linear Fresnel lens and has a width in the vertical direction. A rotatably supported arm is coupled to the arm, and the light collector is fixed at a position of approximately the focal length of the arm, and the light collector position is adjusted according to the incident angle change due to the change of the season of the sun. The sunlight condensing device according to claim 1, wherein 6. The sunlight concentrating device according to claim 1, wherein the position of the sunlight is adjusted by using an automatic device with respect to a change in incident angle of sunlight with a change in time of day. 7. The sunlight concentrating device according to claim 1, wherein the position is manually adjusted with respect to a change in incident angle of sunlight due to a change in season.