【発明の詳細な説明】
［０００１］
［産業上の利用分野］
［０００２］本発明は、野生鴨の人工的な大量育すうを
可能とする飼育方法に関する。
［従来の技術］
［０００３］鴨は、カモ目カモ科に属する野生鳥類であ
り、広く各地に分布しているが、特に北半球の北部に多
く棲息している。日本には秋渡来するものが多く、主と
して淡水に住み、食性は雑食である。この淡水に住む鴨
は、肉の味が非常に良く、猟鳥として価値が高い。野生
鴨は、いわゆる家畜化されたものと異なり孵化直後から
自然環境の中での生活を強いられるため警戒心が極めて
強く、これは野生鳥類全般に共通する習性・属性とも言
える。従って成鳥に至るまでの人工的飼育は従来困難と
されていたものである。トキのばあいを挙げると、人工
孵化したものであっても一週間位で死に至った旨の北京
動物園での実例がある。
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
［０００４］さて、この鴨の狩猟は、日本では秋から冬
にかけて解禁となるが、自然界における野生繁殖数は、
その需要量に比較し、さほど多くなく狩猟量も僅かであ
る。故に、鴨の肉は入手が限られ、珍重されているのが
現状であるから、人間の食生活に資するべく通年で何時
でも鴨の肉が提供できるようにする為には、人工的飼育
方法を確立することが急務である。本発明は、そのよう
な課題を解決するために考案されたものであって、親鴨
の抱卵前の状態の卵を採取し、該卵に音を聞かせること
により、育すう、成烏に至るまでの一連の過程を人工的
に行おうとするものである。
［課題を解決するための手段］
［０００５］本発明に基づく鴨の飼育方法は、温度制御
された部屋の中に鴨の卵を所定期間入れるステップ、該
所定期間に、該部屋の中の卵に音を強制的に聞かせるス
テップ、該卵から孵化された雛を音が聞こえる環境の下
で所定期間保育するステップ、所定期間保育された雛を
野外で育成するステップから成ることを特徴としてい
る。
［作 用］
［０００６］ほぼ一定温度に温度制御された部屋の中に
鴨の卵を所定期間入れておき、その間、部屋の中にラジ
オ等の音源からの音を入れて卵に音を聞かせる。更に卵
から孵った雛にも、同種音を聞かせ、その後、成長した
鴨を野外で飼育する。卵の時代と雛の時代の夫々に同種
音を聞かせることにより、生育した鴨はこの音が聞こえ
る環境においてのみ安心感を抱き、他に移動することは
なくなる。以下本発明の飼育方法に基づいた実際の飼育
例について説明する。
［実施例］飼育例１
［０００７］本発明者は、昭和６０年５月１３日から１
８日の６日間、野生の真鴨の卵を４３個採取した。これ
らは、親鴨の産卵後から抱卵前に至るまでの間の卵であ
る。そして、４３個を内部の温度が３７℃の孵卵器の中
に入れ、孵卵を試みた。この間、ラジオを孵卵器の中に
入れ、音を聞かせてみた。音を聞かせた時間は、平均す
ると毎日約８時間であった。卵を孵卵器の中に入れた
後、２９日目に４３個の卵中、３６個の卵から雛が孵っ
たが、この内、雌は１２羽、雄は３４羽であった。これ
らの雛全部を約３ｍ２の保育器に入れ、この間平均する
と、毎日８時間ラジオからの音を聞かせ、更に餌付けを
行った。この餌は主として配合飼料である。また、これ
らの卵とは別に、抱卵後の卵を同様のステップで人工孵
化したところ約一週間位で死に至った。抱卵前の卵は何
ら障害なく生育したのに比しこの相違からすると、卵の
時の外部からの何らかの音が、孵化後の成育に影響を与
え、それが同種の音であれば、即ち安心感を抱きあたか
も音が親のように錯覚し生存する事がうかがわれる。保
育器の環境は、孵卵器より厳密な温度制御は行わなかっ
たが、おおよそ３０℃前後の温度に維持させた。１５日
間保育器にいれて餌付けを行い、雛が約３００ｇ程度の
なった段階で、野外の保育場に放った。この飼育場は、
約３０００ｍ２であり、そのうち２０００ｍ２は池とな
っている。この飼育場においても、その一角にラジオを
設け、１日約７時間はラジオを鴨に聞かせた。その後餌
として主として配合飼料を与え、飼育場に鴨を放ってか
ら９０日後には鴨は１羽当り１．５ｋｇまで成長した。
更に、３か月後には、鴨は１羽当り３ｋｇと大きく成長
した。自然界で成長した鴨が１羽当り１．２〜１．５ｋ
ｇ程度であるので、飼育した鴨は極めて大型となった。
この間、３６羽の鴨は１羽も飛び立つことなく飼育場に
止まっていた。この鴨を生後６か月後に試食したとこ
ろ、天然の鴨に比べ、肉が霜降りであり、誠に美味であ
った。
飼育例２
本発明者は、飼育例１の後、昭和６１年４月１０日から
第２回目の飼育を行った。このときは、飼育例１で成育
した鴨を親とした卵を用いた。卵からの孵化は、第１回
目の飼育と全く同じ方法で行った。その結果、１３２羽
の雛が孵ったが、その内、雌は２３羽、雄は１０９羽で
あった。これらの雛の内、２３羽を別に取り出し、その
他の１０３羽の雛を前記飼育例１と同様にラジオの音の
下で保育し、その後、野外で飼育した。このときも成長
した鴨は１羽も飛び立つことなく野外の飼育場で止まっ
ており、大型の鴨の人口飼育が達成できた。一方、別に
取り出した２３羽の雛については他の雛と同じ環境条件
下であるが、唯一ラジオの音が聞こえない場所で保育し
たところ、１０日から１５日の間に、１６羽の雛が次々
に死んでしまった。この実験によると、鴨は卵の時に聞
いたラジオの音に対して非常に敏感となり、この音が聞
こえない状態が長く続くと、精神的に著しく不安定とな
り、その結果、狂い死にの状態となったものと考えられ
る。いわゆる鳥類のストレスによる障害といわれるもの
である。逆に、音を聞かされた鴨は、音の聞こえる状態
に非常に安心感を覚え、あたかも音が親のように錯覚
し、従って音の発生場所から離れることなく過ごすもの
と考えられる。例えば、飼育場に遊んでいる鴨に対し
て、大きな鉄砲の音を聞かせたところ、全く動じること
なく、そのままの状態、すなわち、聞き慣れたラジオの
聞こえる場所に依然として遊んでいた。これに対し、た
またまその場に居合わせた烏は、鉄砲の音に大いに驚
き、たちまちの内に飛び去ってしまった。
飼育例３ 昭和６１年に成長した鴨を親とした卵を用
い、飼育例２で行ったと同様に卵を孵化させ、合計２７
７羽の雛を孵した。そのうち、４５羽が雌、２３２羽が
雄である。前述した例と同様に、保育し、更に野外で飼
育した。飼育場は飼育例１と同じ場所であるが、その一
角にビニールハウスを設け、そのビニールハウスの内部
にラジオを設け、鴨に音を聞かせた。鴨は時々ビニール
ハウスの中に入り込み、そこで交配を行って受精卵をも
うけた。野生鴨は、交配時期には、雄一対比雌一の行動
形態をとるのが通例であるが、これを雄一羽に対し、例
えば雌五羽としてペアリングを組ませ、一つのファミリ
ーとしての同一環境下での集団行動をとらせることによ
りより多くの受精卵が得られ、加速度的に卵の採取が増
える。また交配時期は一定時期ではないから、受精卵を
通年に渡って得ることができた。以上の結果により、一
年中、何時でも新鮮な鴨の肉を得ることが可能となっ
た。
飼育例４ 昭和６３年には、前回までと同じ方法で、雌
６２羽、雄３５０羽の合計４１２羽の鴨を成育した。も
ちろん、このいずれの鴨も自然の状態に放置しても飛び
立っていない。以上、詳細に本発明の飼育例を説明し
た。各飼育例では、卵の時と雛の時とでラジオを聞かせ
たが、必ずしもラジオを用いる必要はない。例えば、人
の話し声を録音しておき、その話し声を繰り返し聞かせ
ても良いし、テレビの音であっても良い。又、音を聞か
せる時間については、各飼育例の時間に限定されない。
例えば、飼育例より短い時間でも良く、又、１日２４時
間連続して聞かせても良い。
［発明の効果］以上詳細に説明したように、本発明で
は、卵の時と雛の時とで同種の音を聞かせるようにした
ので、鴨が成長して自然の状態に放置しても飛び立つこ
とがなくなり、野生鴨の養殖が可能となり、美味な鴨の
肉を何時でも量産かつ提供できるなど、人間生活の食分
野へ資する目的大であり、その効果は頗る大きい。また
本発明は、野生鴨の人工的飼育方法を確立することによ
り、鴨に限らず同習性・同属性を有する野生鳥類の種の
保存を可能にし、適切な繁殖保護をも企図する事ができ
るなど、甚だ有益・有用な効果を併せ持つものである。Description: [0001] [Industrial field of application] [0002] The present invention relates to a breeding method that enables artificial mass breeding of wild ducks. [Prior Art] [0003] Duck is a wild bird that belongs to the duck family, duck family, and is widely distributed in various places, but especially in the northern part of the northern hemisphere. Many of them come to Japan in the fall, live mainly in fresh water, and have an omnivorous diet. This freshwater duck has a very good meat taste and is highly valued as a game bird. Wild duck, unlike domesticated ones, is extremely cautious because it is forced to live in the natural environment immediately after hatching, which can be said to be a habit / attribute common to all wild birds. Therefore, artificial breeding up to adult birds has hitherto been difficult. In the case of crested ibis, there is an example at the Beijing Zoo that even an artificially hatched animal died within a week or so. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] [0004] Now, in Japan, the hunting of ducks is banned from autumn to winter, but the number of wild breeds in the natural world is
Compared to the demand, the amount of hunting is not so large and the amount of hunting is also small. Therefore, the availability of duck meat is limited and it is highly valued.Therefore, in order to provide duck meat at any time of the year to contribute to human eating habits, an artificial breeding method is used. There is an urgent need to establish. The present invention was devised in order to solve such a problem, and collects an egg in a state before incubating of the duck and raises it by making a sound to the egg. It is an attempt to artificially carry out the series of processes leading up to it. [Means for Solving the Problem] [0005] A duck rearing method according to the present invention comprises a step of placing a duck egg in a temperature-controlled room for a predetermined period, and an egg in the room for the predetermined period. A step of forcibly listening to the sound of the chick, a step of raising the chicks hatched from the eggs for a predetermined period under an environment in which a sound can be heard, and a step of raising the chicks raised for a predetermined period outdoors. .. [Operation] [0006] A duck egg is placed in a room whose temperature is controlled at a substantially constant temperature for a predetermined period of time, during which a sound from a sound source such as a radio is put in the room and the egg is heard. It In addition, let the chicks that hatch from the eggs hear the same sound, and then breed the grown ducks outdoors. By giving the same kind of sound to each of the egg age and the chick age, the grown duck feels secure only in the environment where this sound can be heard, and does not move elsewhere. Hereinafter, an actual breeding example based on the breeding method of the present invention will be described. [Examples] Breeding Example 1 [0007] The present inventor has performed 1 from May 13, 1985.
43 wild duck eggs were collected for 6 days on the 8th. These are eggs during the period from after the spawning of Oyako to before the incubation. Then, 43 pieces were put into an incubator having an internal temperature of 37 ° C. to try incubation. During this time, I put the radio in the incubator and listened to the sound. The average time to hear the sound was about 8 hours every day. After the eggs were placed in the incubator, chicks hatched from 36 eggs out of 43 eggs on day 29, of which 12 were females and 34 were males. All of these chicks were placed in an incubator of about 3 m 2 , and during this period, on average, the sound from the radio was heard for 8 hours every day, and further feeding was performed. This bait is primarily a mixed feed. Separately from these eggs, artificially hatching the eggs after the incubation in the same steps resulted in death in about one week. Compared to the pre-incubation eggs that grew without any hindrance, this difference suggests that some external sound at the time of the egg affects the growth after hatching, and if it is the same kind of sound, it is safe. It is possible to feel that the sound is illusion of being like a parent and that it survives. The environment of the incubator was not controlled more strictly than the incubator, but was maintained at a temperature of about 30 ° C. They were put in an incubator for 15 days for feeding, and when the chicks weighed about 300 g, they were released to an outdoor nursery. This farm is
It is about 3000 m 2 , of which 2000 m 2 is a pond. Also in this farm, a radio was set up in one corner and the radio was heard by the duck for about 7 hours a day. After that, the compounded feed was mainly given as the feed, and 90 days after the duck was released to the farm, the duck grew to 1.5 kg per bird.
Furthermore, after three months, the duck had grown to a large size of 3 kg per bird. 1.2-1.5k per duck that grows in nature
Since it was about g, the duck raised was extremely large.
During this time, 36 duck stopped at the farm without taking off. When this duck was sampled 6 months after birth, the meat was marbled and delicious compared to natural duck. Rearing Example 2 After the rearing example 1, the present inventor started the second rearing from April 10, 1986. At this time, an egg whose parent was a duck grown in Rearing Example 1 was used. Hatching from eggs was performed by the same method as the first breeding. As a result, 132 chicks hatched, of which 23 were female and 109 were male. Twenty-three of these chicks were taken out separately, and the other 103 chicks were reared under the sound of radio in the same manner as in Rearing Example 1, and then reared outdoors. Even at this time, the grown duck stopped at an outdoor farm without taking off, and we were able to achieve large-scale duck breeding. On the other hand, the 23 chicks that were taken out separately were under the same environmental conditions as the other chicks, but when they were raised in a place where the radio sound could not be heard, 16 chicks were found between 10th and 15th. I died one after another. According to this experiment, the duck becomes very sensitive to the radio sound heard when it is an egg, and if this sound is not heard for a long time, it becomes mentally unstable, and as a result, it becomes a state of crazy death. It is thought that it has become. This is a so-called disorder caused by bird stress. On the other hand, when the sound is heard, the duck feels very reassured that the sound can be heard, and the sound is illusory as if it were the parent, and it is considered that the duck spends time without leaving the place where the sound is generated. For example, when a duck playing in a farm was made to hear the sound of a large gun, it remained unaffected, that is, it was still playing in a familiar radio location. On the other hand, the crow who happened to be there was so surprised by the sound of the gun that he immediately flew away. Breeding Example 3 Eggs were hatched in the same manner as in Breeding Example 2 using eggs of duck grown in 1986 as parents, and a total of 27 eggs were hatched.
We hatched 7 chicks. Among them, 45 are female and 232 are male. In the same manner as in the above-mentioned example, the child was raised and further raised outdoors. The breeding ground is the same as that of breeding example 1, but a vinyl house was installed in one corner of the farm, and a radio was installed inside the vinyl house so that the ducks could hear the sound. The duck sometimes entered the greenhouse, where they crossed and made fertilized eggs. Wild mates usually have a male-to-female behavioral pattern at the time of mating, but they are paired with one male, for example, five females, to create the same environment as one family. More fertilized eggs can be obtained by taking the collective action below, and the collection of eggs will be accelerated. Moreover, since the mating period is not fixed, fertilized eggs could be obtained throughout the year. The above results made it possible to obtain fresh duck meat at any time of the year. Rearing Example 4 In 1988, a total of 412 ducks, 62 females and 350 males, were grown in the same manner as the last time. Of course, none of these ducks have taken off when left in their natural state. The breeding examples of the present invention have been described in detail above. In each breeding example, the radio was heard at the time of eggs and at the time of chicks, but it is not always necessary to use the radio. For example, a person's voice may be recorded and the voice may be heard repeatedly, or the sound of a television may be used. Moreover, the time to hear the sound is not limited to the time of each breeding example.
For example, the time may be shorter than that in the case of breeding, or the listening may be continued for 24 hours a day. [Effect of the Invention] As described in detail above, in the present invention, the same kind of sound is heard at the time of eggs and at the time of chicks, so even if the duck grows and is left in its natural state. It will not fly away, it will be possible to cultivate wild duck, and it will be possible to mass produce and provide delicious duck meat at any time, which is a large purpose to contribute to the food field of human life, and its effect is enormous. Further, the present invention enables the preservation of not only duck but also species of wild birds having the same habits and attributes by establishing an artificial breeding method for wild duck, and it is also possible to contemplate appropriate breeding protection. It also has extremely beneficial and useful effects.