RU2530524C1 - Method of introduction of artificially reared birds to wild life - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method of introduction of artificially reared birds to wild life comprises performing lekking, egg laying, and brooding eggs until hatching of chicks, feeding them and release into their proposed habitat with their mothers. For introduction the tetraonidae birds are used, such as birds of species of Siberian spruce grouse or capercaillie. Females intended for reproduction obtain natural food, such as pine needles, berries, twig food, arthropods, along with technology feeds, such as grain mixture, combined fodder, premix. Lekking, egg laying, and brooding eggs in nests with use of females until hatching is performed in aviaries. The chicks after hatching from eggs and before their introduction into the wild life are fed with live food in the form of insects that wild chicks of this species eat in the natural environment. Introduction of brood of chicks in wild life is carried out in the age of 1-3 days after hatching from the eggs directly from the aviaries with their mothers or after their transportation to the permanent habitat. And the female and brood of chicks are transported in different cages without visual contact with the ability of sound communication, and before the release of chicks and female in wild life, they are placed in one adaptational cage in which the female settles down and takes its chicks under it for heating, after which the cage is opened and the brood with the female goes away freely to the selected area of terrain, which enables to adapt to natural environment.

EFFECT: use of the claimed invention enables to improve efficiency of introduction of tetraonidae birds.

3 cl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for introducing artificially grown grouse birds, in particular wild grouse and capercaillie, into nature and can be used in the field of ecology, zoology and hunting to restore the natural population of grouse birds in nature.

There is a method of increasing the number of cranes (Siberian Cranes) by reintroduction of chicks grown in aviary in nurseries, including the method of contactless education of chicks of Siberian Cranes to overcome imprinting on humans. Nursery staff and fieldwork operators wore special white costumes that mask the contours of a person and mimic the appearance of adult Siberian Cranes. The grown chicks were released in the nesting territories of wild Siberian Cranes, with which they could unite. A modification of this method was the “introduction” of flying Siberian Crane chicks into flocks of flying gray cranes (http://beloz.ucoz.ru/index/zhemchuzhina__quotbeloozjorskogo zakazni kaquot / 0-8).

There is another method of introducing birds into nature, for example young peregrine falcon birds, which is a method of wild animals young feeding, aimed at introducing aviary offspring into nature, taking into account the biological characteristics of the peregrine falcon, the ecological conditions of the region and the degree of methodological elaboration, is the most promising method for restoring the peregrine falcon population in the center European part of Russia. Used to create new and maintain endangered populations. The basic principle: young animals raised without contact with a person in the nursery are released into the wild. At the introduction site, the chicks are placed in special outlet boxes. The details of the device boxes are developed taking into account the specific conditions of the place of release. Remote monitoring of the behavior of young birds is carried out using optical instruments (binoculars) and radio transmitters and telemonitoring, which significantly increases the efficiency of observations, but at the same time significantly increases the cost of the work (http://nature.air.ru/biodiversity/book25.html).

The disadvantage of these analogue methods is the impossibility of their use for the introduction of birds of the grouse family, in particular wild grouse.

The closest method (prototype) is a method of introducing artificially grown birds into nature (Valkovich V.M. Introduction of artificially grown birds into nature // Breeding of valuable and rare species of animals. Collection of scientific papers of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory of the Glavokhota of the RSFSR. Moscow, 1987. P.119- 130. - http://www.ex-situ.ru/ bibliographylist / 510-2012-03-03-07-18-03-35.html). It is known that in Western Europe, to date, in order to increase the survival rate in the farms of young stocked animals, they release them into the wild with parents or adult birds (gray partridges, pheasants), who teach young birds their behavior in the wild, the use of natural food, Avoiding predators, etc. It is appropriate to note here that such issues are possible in small batches, in small territories, and therefore their use is limited.

However, the cited release experience was carried out with ducks and pheasant birds (with bred chicks), which differs significantly from the proposed method for introducing grouse and has insufficient efficiency.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of introduction of birds of the grouse family and reduce the cost of implementing the proposed method.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of introducing artificially raised birds into nature, including conducting current, laying eggs and hatching eggs until the chicks hatch, feeding them and releasing them to the places of intended habitat along with the females, according to the invention, birds of the grouse family are used for introduction for example birds of the species of wild grouse or capercaillie; females intended for reproduction receive, along with technological feeds, for example, grain mixtures, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural feeds, for example, needles, berries, branch feed, arthropods; current flow, egg laying and incubation of eggs in the nests using females are carried out in aviaries before hatching, the chicks, after hatching from eggs and before being introduced into nature, are fed live food in the form of insects, which feed wild chicks of this species under natural conditions, and the introduction of the brood chicks in nature are carried out at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs directly from the aviary together with the female or after their transportation to the place of constant habitat, and the female and brood of chicks are transported in different cages x without visual contact with the possibility of sound communication, and before the release of the chicks and the females into nature they are placed in one adaptation cage, in which the female calms down and takes the chicks for herself to heat, after which the cage is opened and the brood together with the female leaves for the selected area terrain that allows you to adapt to natural conditions. The time spent by birds in the adaptation cage after transport is about 30 minutes.

When incubating a female egg laying in one nest, one can use eggs from different females found in the nursery, which further reduces the likelihood of closely related crosses of birds after their introduction into nature, weakening the population, and expands its genetic diversity. The introduction of grouse chicks is carried out in early summer during the period of availability of natural live food and favorable weather conditions.

The main advantage of the method is that after release, the process of adaptation (acclimatization) of released broods occurs from an early age, which can ensure the greatest success and safety of birds. In addition, the release of broods suggests the best results in the formation of settled areas in created grouse populations. This circumstance seems to be the most constructive, because experience has shown that adult individuals released into nature often fly away from places of release over long distances, thereby reducing the likelihood of encountering heterosexual individuals in the mating season. At the same time, to achieve good results, a greater number of released birds is required.

Example 1. The method of introduction of artificially grown capercaillie into nature from the aviary

In places where the capercaillie brood was released, aviaries were built in which birds intended for release were placed in the spring. Female capercaillies intended for reproduction receive, along with high-tech feeds, for example, grain mixtures, mixed fodders, premixes, and natural feeds, such as needles, berries, twig, arthropods. In these enclosures mating groups of birds are formed, a current is carried out, eggs are laid in the nests, hatched and hatching of wood grouse birds. After hatching from eggs and before their introduction into nature, the chicks are fed live food in the form of insects, which feed wild chicks of this species in natural conditions. Chicks, thus, grow up within 1-3 days. The introduction of the brood chicks into nature is carried out at the beginning of summer during the period of availability of natural live food and favorable weather conditions at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs directly from the aviary. The brood together with the female capercaillie go to the taiga on their own.

Example 2. The method of introduction of artificially grown capercaillie into nature after transportation to the habitat

In spring, birds intended for release were placed in aviaries built. Female capercaillies intended for reproduction receive, along with high-tech feeds, for example, grain mixtures, mixed fodders, premixes, and natural feeds, such as needles, berries, twig, arthropods. In these enclosures mating groups of birds are formed, a current is carried out, eggs are laid in the nests, hatched and hatching of wood grouse birds. When incubating egg laying in one nest, you can use eggs from different females found in the nursery, which further reduces the likelihood of closely related crosses of birds after their introduction into nature, weakening the population, and expands its genetic diversity.

After hatching from eggs and before their introduction into nature, the female and the chicks are fed with live food in the form of insects that feed on the wild chicks of this species in natural conditions. Chicks, thus, grow up within 1-3 days.

Chicks are introduced into nature at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs in early summer, when natural live food is available, favorable weather conditions and a long summer period of adaptation.

For transportation of broods and their subsequent release to suitable places, the female and the chicks are caught in the aviary and placed in different boxes. In the box for the chicks we put soft grass or a cloth on the bottom for better heat preservation. When transporting for a short distance (up to one and a half to two hours) and high ambient temperature (25-30 ° C), the chicks can not be fed and additionally not heated. During transportation over long distances by motor vehicles, it is advisable to periodically place the chicks in an incubator for warming and then feed them in a slightly ajar box, pouring live arthropods into it (various insects and arachnids caught by a net along the route).

Moreover, the female capercaillie and the brood of chicks are transported in different boxes without visual contact with the possibility of sound communication.

Before the release of the chicks and the females into nature, they are placed in one adaptation cage, in which the female calms down and takes the chicks under him for heating. The cell has a rectangular shape. It is made of wooden slats covered with plastic mesh. Doors made of plywood in the form of vertical bolts. For ease of transportation, it can be made folding through the use of hinges. Dimensions: 130 × 75 × 70 cm.

The time spent by birds in the adaptation cage after transportation is about 30 minutes, depending on the state of the birds. After that, the cage is opened, and the brood together with the female capercaillie independently goes into the taiga, and after a while the female again takes the chicks under her for heating. This is an indicator of normal parental behavior characteristic of this species, and, making sure of this, the brood is left alone.

Example 3. The method of introduction of artificially grown wild grouse into nature from the aviary

Aviaries were built in places where broods of broods were released, in which birds intended for release were placed in the spring. Females, intended for reproduction, receive, along with high-tech feeds, for example, grain mixtures, compound feeds, premixes, and natural feeds, such as needles, berries, twig, arthropods. In these enclosures mating groups of birds are formed, a current is carried out, eggs are laid in the nests, incubation and hatching of chicks of wild birds. After hatching from eggs and before their introduction into nature, the chicks are fed live food in the form of insects, which feed wild chicks of this species in natural conditions. Chicks, thus, grow up within 1-3 days. The introduction of the brood chicks into nature is carried out at the beginning of summer during the period of availability of natural live food and favorable weather conditions at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs directly from the aviary. A brood together with a female wild boar go to the taiga on their own.

Example 4. The method of introduction of artificially grown wild grouse into nature after transportation to the habitat

In spring, birds intended for release were placed in aviaries built. Females, intended for reproduction, receive, along with high-tech feeds, for example, grain mixtures, compound feeds, premixes, and natural feeds, such as needles, berries, twig, arthropods. In these enclosures mating groups of birds are formed, a current is carried out, eggs are laid in the nests, incubation and hatching of chicks of wild birds. When incubating egg laying in one nest, you can use eggs from different female wild-boaries found in the nursery, which further reduces the likelihood of closely related crosses of birds after their introduction into nature, weakening the population, and expanding its genetic diversity.

After hatching from eggs and before their introduction into nature, the female and the chicks are fed with live food in the form of insects that feed on the wild chicks of this species in natural conditions. Chicks, thus, grow up within 1-3 days.

The introduction of the brood chicks into nature is carried out at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from the eggs in early summer, when natural live food is available, favorable weather conditions and a long summer period of adaptation is ahead.

For transportation of broods and their subsequent release to suitable places, the female and chicks are caught in the aviary and placed in different boxes. In the box for chicks, soft grass or a rag is placed on the bottom for better heat preservation. When transporting for a short distance (up to one and a half to two hours) and high ambient temperature (25-30 ° C), the chicks can not be fed and additionally not heated. During transportation over long distances by motor vehicles, it is advisable to periodically place the chicks in an incubator for warming and then feed them in a slightly ajar box, pouring live arthropods into it (various insects and arachnids caught by a net along the route).

Moreover, the female wild-boar and brood of chicks are transported in different boxes without visual contact with the possibility of sound communication.

Before the release of the chicks and the females into nature, they are placed in one adaptation cage, in which the female calms down and takes the chicks under him for heating. The cell has a rectangular shape. It is made of wooden slats covered with plastic mesh. Doors made of plywood in the form of vertical bolts. For ease of transportation, it can be made folding through the use of hinges. Dimensions: 95 × 65 × 55 cm.

The time spent by birds in the adaptation cage after transportation is about 30 minutes, depending on the state of the birds. After that, the cage is opened and the brood together with the female wild grouse independently goes into the taiga, and after a while the female again takes the chicks under her for heating. This is an indicator of normal parental behavior characteristic of this species, and, making sure of this, the brood is left alone.

Over three years, about ten broods were successfully released.

Thus, from the foregoing, it can be seen that the claimed invention ensures the achievement of a technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency of introduction of birds of the grouse family and reducing the cost of implementing the proposed method.

Claims (3)

1. A method of introducing artificially grown birds into nature, including conducting current, laying eggs and incubating eggs until the chicks hatch, feeding them and releasing them to the places of intended habitat together with adult females, characterized in that birds of the grouse family are used for introduction, for example, birds of the wild grouse species or capercaillie; females intended for reproduction receive, along with technological feeds, for example, grain mixtures, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural feeds, for example, needles, berries, branch feed, arthropods; current flow, egg laying and incubation of eggs in the nests using females are carried out in aviaries before hatching, the chicks, after hatching from eggs and before being introduced into nature, are fed live food in the form of insects, which feed wild chicks of this species under natural conditions, and the introduction of the brood chicks in nature are carried out at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs directly from the aviary together with a female grouse or after transportation to a place of constant habitat, and the female and brood of chicks are transported to They are placed in the same box without visual contact with the possibility of sound communication, and before the release of the chicks and the females into nature they are placed in one adaptation cage, in which the female calms down and takes the chicks for herself to heat, after which the cage is opened and the brood together with the female leaves for the selected plot of land that allows you to adapt to natural conditions. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for incubating the laying of eggs in one nest, you can use eggs from different females. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the time spent by the birds in the adaptation cage after transportation is about 30 minutes.