JPH05150787A - Soundproof material and apparatus containing such soundproof material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a soundproof material having a function capable of effectively and economically executing soundproof, acoustic correction and noise control in a wide frequency range and a soundproofing device including the soundproof material. CONSTITUTION: Relating to the soundproof material including a base material 2 and plural resonators 251 , 252 , 253 ,... formed on the base material 2, plural resonators 25 are constituted of filamentous elements/elements having shapes expanded to surfaces, the structural characteristics such as density, elastic coefficient, shearing modulus, attenuation rate, and pizeoelectric modulus of these elements and the shapes/size of the elements have resonance frequency inherent in each resonator and determined so that sound pressure energy is absorbed from a noise source in the resonance frequency and discharged as mechanical thermal energy/electric energy.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soundproof material and an apparatus including the soundproof material.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART The importance of noise attenuation in residential buildings and industry is well recognized. Conventionally, various soundproofing means have been developed, but the results are not always satisfactory, and even when satisfactory results are obtained, many difficulties are involved. As a soundproofing measure, it is first considered to reduce the level of sound generated from a sound source such as a high-speed flow of fluid in an engine as much as possible. As a next means, it has been proposed to provide a soundproof wall between the sound source and a desired soundproof part where the sound pressure reduction should be measured. In this case, the higher the density of the soundproof wall material, the greater the effectiveness of the soundproof wall, but in the field of construction, for example, to increase the thickness of the soundproof wall sufficiently to obtain an effective soundproof result, It is difficult to realize technically or economically. Also, a sound correction method has been attempted in which a sound absorbing material is provided on a partition wall that forms a desired soundproof space, and the sound wave reverberation due to the partition wall is reduced as much as possible. However, the sound level is reduced by about 4 dB to 6 dB. Therefore, it is impossible to sufficiently effectively protect the space exposed to the sound source that generates high-intensity sound.

Also, by another method called "active absorption method" or "active absorption method",
It has also been proposed to detect and analyze sound waves generated by noise sources. In this method, a loudspeaker or similar means is installed at a desired soundproofing part, and a sound wave having a phase opposite to that of the incident sound wave is generated to completely or partially eliminate the sound wave from the noise source. Is. However, since this method requires a complicated and expensive device, its application is limited only in a very special case where the soundproof part is narrow and the frequency range of sound to be soundproofed is not very wide. For this reason,
For example, a wall material having a Helmholtz type resonator as described in British Patent Specification: GB-A-2 027 255, and also, for example, German Patent Specification: DE-A.
-2 834823, a plurality of volume elements (volu
A composite wall or laminated wall composed of me-occupying elements may be used. When the former wall material having a Helmholtz resonator is used in a low frequency range of 100 Hz to 300 Hz, a relatively large resonance volume is required. Only if the ratio of the total throats area of the resonator provided on the wall to the total area of the soundproof wall is small. Also, the latter use of laminated walls with volume elements has been found to be effective when the wall material is made of a material such as elastomer having high viscous friction, but in a wide frequency range. This is a difficult technology to implement when pursuing advanced soundproofing.

As is clear from the above description of the prior art, in the field of soundproofing, acoustic correction or noise adjustment, satisfactory results are now easily obtained in a wide frequency range and at an economically feasible cost. Therefore, there is a demand for a soundproofing material and a soundproofing device capable of alleviating the conventional technical defects.

[0005]

A first object of the present invention is to provide a soundproofing material that can meet the above-mentioned requirements, and a soundproofing device including the soundproofing material.

A second object of the present invention is to use a thin plate which is easy to manufacture, easy to assemble and clean, and which can be used by general users with simple means and tools. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-quality soundproof material and a device including the soundproof material.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above first object, the present invention provides a soundproof effect against sound pressure energy from a noise source, which includes a base material and a plurality of resonators provided on the base material. A soundproofing material having, wherein the plurality of resonators are composed of thread-shaped elements and / or elements having a shape spreading on the surface,
Structural properties including density, elastic modulus, shear modulus, damping factor, piezoelectric constant of the element, and its shape and / or dimensions are
Each resonator has its own resonance frequency and is selected to absorb sound pressure energy from the noise source at the resonance frequency and radiate the sound pressure energy as mechanical thermal energy and / or electrical energy. The present invention provides a soundproof material characterized by

The substrate has a plurality of through orifices, and the element is fixed in the orifice of the substrate or at the outer edge of the orifice, and the vibrating membrane, vibrating chord and / or
Alternatively, the resonator can be configured to have a shape selected from a vibrating blade.

According to a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, each of the plurality of resonators is composed of a single sheet of a material having a high elastic modulus and a low damping rate, such as a metal or metal alloy such as aluminum. To be done.

Further, each of the plurality of resonators is composed of a laminated vibration film, and the laminated vibration film has two sheets of a material having a high elastic coefficient and a low damping factor (tan δ), and a low shear modulus and a high shear modulus. It may also include a sheet of material having a damping factor (tan δ).

Specifically, the laminated vibrating membrane has a damping ratio (tan δ) of 10 ^-2 to 50 × 10 ^-2 and a thickness of 20 to.
A sandwich type having an intermediate sheet of an elastomer material having a thickness of 500 μm and outer sheets of a metal such as aluminum or a metal alloy having a thickness of 10 to 200 μm formed on both sides of the intermediate sheet can be used.

As another aspect, the laminated vibrating membrane may be of a sandwich type having a core made of a metal or metal alloy sheet such as aluminum and outer sheets of an elastomer material formed on both sides of the core. The damping factor and thickness of the material in this case are the same as above.

Regardless of whether the vibrating membrane is a laminated vibrating membrane or a metal sheet, it may be a vibrating membrane having a circular outer shape, or a vibrating membrane having a square, rectangular, elliptical or crescent outer shape. It may be a film, and a plurality of protrusions may be provided on the outer peripheral portion of the vibrating film.

When the vibrating membrane has protrusions, the resonance frequency of the vibrating membrane can be adjusted by appropriately selecting the number of the protrusions fixed to the base material.

The resonance frequency of the vibrating membrane can also be determined or changed by forming at least one corrugated portion in the vibrating membrane. Due to the formation of the corrugated portion, the bending strength of the vibrating membrane is reduced and the resonance frequency thereof is lowered.

When a plurality of openings having different shapes and dimensions are formed through the diaphragm, the resonance frequency is
It can be determined by the shape, size and arrangement of those openings. This determination can be performed by calculation by the finite element method.

The plurality of resonators may be composed of thread-shaped composite elements. In this case, each filamentous composite element is formed by twisting together fibers having a high elastic coefficient, and is fixed in the orifice formed in the base material or at the outer edge portion thereof.

Further, the filamentous composite element constituting the resonator may be a filamentous element obtained by knitting fibers having a high elastic coefficient and impregnating a suitable amount of a material having a good damping characteristic.

The plurality of resonators may be composed of vibrating blades. In this case, each of the vibrating blades is fixed at its ends to a substrate having a plurality of orifices and consists of a metal and / or a polymeric material having a high modulus of elasticity.

The plurality of resonators may be composed of a composite vibrating blade made of a metal and a material having a high damping factor.

Whether the resonator is composed of a vibrating film, a vibrating string or a vibrating blade, the base material is made of a flexible material such as an elastomer material or a plastomer material.

The soundproof material according to the present invention described above radiates or dissipates sound pressure energy directly as heat. However, sound pressure energy is converted into electric energy and the electric energy is converted into heat by the Joule effect. It is also possible to implement the invention so as to emit.

In the soundproofing material according to the above-mentioned embodiment, the base material firstly includes a sheet made of a crystalline or polycrystalline material having piezoelectric characteristics in which electric charges are generated on the surface upon receiving a sound wave, and then, the generated electric charges are generated. A thin conductive electrode that collects and passes the charge through an electrically resistive material or a material having similar properties.

In one embodiment of the above-mentioned embodiment, the one sheet is composed of a PVDF type polymer film semi-crystalline by an appropriate thermomechanical treatment, and the electrodes are vacuum-deposited on the polymer film. Or a thin film of a metal or metal alloy such as aluminum adhered to the polymer film with a substantially conductive adhesive.

In order to achieve the second object, the present invention also provides a soundproof device comprising a soundproof wall including at least one layer of the soundproof material described above.

According to a preferred aspect of the device of the present invention, the soundproof wall includes a plurality of soundproof layers made of the soundproof material,
The plurality of soundproof layers have a plurality of resonators and are arranged so that adjacent resonators do not face each other.

The resonators having the plurality of soundproof layers are different from each other in shape, arrangement, and / or element characteristics,
The substrates on which they are provided can also be different, if desired.

As described above, when sound pressure energy is converted into electric energy, at least one sheet of crystalline or polycrystalline material having a piezoelectric characteristic, which receives a sound wave and generates charges on the surface, is generated. A thin conductive electrode that collects the accumulated electric charge and passes the electric charge through an electric resistance material or a material having similar characteristics to convert the energy of the acoustic wave into electric energy and radiate the electric energy as heat by Joule effect. Comprising a plurality of stacked material layers, each of the electrodes of the material layer is conducted through fine holes formed through the sheet,
It is also possible to configure the soundproofing device such that the charge is generated in the material layer.

[0029]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, in FIGS. 1A and 1B,
Reference numeral 1 indicates an example of a vibrating membrane (membrane) having a circular outer shape. The vibrating membrane 1 has an outer peripheral edge portion 3
It is fixed to a base material 2 having a circular hole 4. In the vibrating membrane 1,
When the oscillating pressure P having a substantially sinusoidal waveform having a wide frequency range is input, the vibrating membrane resonates at the frequency f ₀ so as to satisfy the following expression (I).

## EQU1 ## f ₀ = [R ⁻² , E ^1/2 , e, ρ ^−1/2 ] (I) where R is the radius of the vibrating membrane 1 E is the elastic coefficient of the material of the vibrating membrane 1. e: Thickness of the diaphragm 1 ρ: Density of material of the diaphragm 1

When the shear coefficient of the vibrating membrane 1 is represented by G and the damping rate thereof is represented by tan δ, when the vibrating membrane 1 receives a sound wave of frequency f ₀ and vibrates at a predetermined frequency per unit time, The energy absorbed by the vibrating membrane 1 for each vibration is
It is represented by the following formula (II).

[Number 2] W _Joule = f ^{[R 6, e -3, P 2} , G -1, (tanδ) -1 ] · · · (II) where, R: radius e of the diaphragm 1: vibrating membrane 1 Thickness P: Sonic pressure

As is clear from the above formulas (I) and (II), the resonance frequency f ₀ of the vibrating membrane 1 is a function of the elastic modulus and the shear modulus of the constituent materials, and the same resonance frequency and the same. There is a correlation between the elastic modulus, the shear modulus, and the damping rate with respect to the membrane radius of (1), where the amount of energy absorbed by each vibration of the vibrating membrane 1 becomes a desired value.

In the present invention, the vibrating membrane 1 is constructed as a sandwich type laminated vibrating membrane as shown in FIG. 2A in order to make this absorbed energy amount a desired value. That is, the vibrating membrane 1 has a core 5 having a thickness e ₂ made of a material having a relatively low shear modulus (G ₂ ) and a relatively high damping rate (tan δ ₂ ), and is located on both sides of the core 5 and has a thickness e. Outer sheets 6 and 7 having ₁ and e ₂ respectively
Is included. Each of the sheets 6 and 7 has a relatively high elastic modulus (E ₁ and E ₃ ) and a relatively low damping rate (ta).
n δ ₁ and tan δ ₃ ).

The vibrating membrane shown in FIG. 2B has a core 8 made of the same material as the sheets 6 and 7 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A and the embodiment shown in FIG. The outer sheet 9, 10 made of the same material as the core 5 of FIG.

In FIGS. 2A and 2B, the sheets 6 and 7 and the core 8 are formed of a metal or metal alloy such as aluminum, copper or steel alloy having a thickness of 10 to 200 μm, while the core is formed. 5 and sheets 9, 10
Good results have been obtained by forming with an elastomer having a thickness of 10 to 500 μm and an attenuation factor (tan δ) of 10 ⁻² to 50 × 10 ⁻² . Therefore, the core 5 and the sheets 9 and 10 are made of a rubber-based sheet, a thermoplastic polymer-based sheet such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyamide, or a thermosetting polymer sheet containing epoxy resin, phenol resin or polyurethane as a main component. Can be selected. “Kevlar (Trademark of DuPont)” in the case of the above-mentioned polymer sheet or elastomer sheet
If necessary, it is reinforced by a woven or non-woven fabric made of glass fiber, polyester fiber, cotton fiber or aramid fiber, or a metal film.

In the embodiment shown schematically in FIG. 3, the laminated vibrating membrane has the sandwich structure shown in FIG. 2 (a), and the intermediate core 5'is the same as the core 5 and The sheets 6'and 7'are the same as the sheets 6 and 7. In the present embodiment, unlike the above embodiment, the bending strength is lowered and the resonance frequency f ₀ is lowered by providing the vibration film with a corrugated shape (FIG. 11) provided with at least one unevenness. ing. The dimensions and other characteristics (radius R, thickness e, elastic modulus, shear modulus, etc.) are the same as in the above embodiment.

Since the resonance frequency f ₀ of the vibrating membrane is also influenced by the state of the fixed portion 3 [(a) and (b) in FIG. 1] with the base material, as shown in FIG. The vibrating membrane 1 having a plurality of notches 13 ₁ , 13 ₂ , 13 ₃ , ...
2, it is possible to set the resonance frequency to a predetermined value. In this case, the vibrating membrane has notches 13 ₁ , 13 ₂ ,
Outer edge portion 1 of the protrusion formed by 13 ₃ , ...
4 _1, 14 _2, 14 _3, in ..., are secured to the substrate. The number, shape, and formation position of these protrusions are advantageously determined by calculation according to, for example, the finite element method.

Further, the determination or adjustment of the resonance frequency f ₀ by the above calculation is performed through the through holes 16 ₁ and 16 as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to apply it to the vibrating membrane 15 in which ₂ , 16 ₃ , ... Are formed and the unit area mass is adjusted. That is,
The shape, number and arrangement of these through holes are determined by calculation.

The vibrating membranes 1, 1 used in the above embodiment
The reference numerals 2 and 15 have a substantially circular outer shape in whole or in part, and the present invention is not limited to these representative examples, and the outer shape of the vibrating membrane is a square, a rectangle, an ellipse, Other shapes such as a crescent shape may be used. Further, it is possible to carry out any processing such as partially punching out the vibrating membrane, corrugating it, or forming a notch to provide a protrusion on the outer peripheral portion.

Next, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), a plurality of orifices 4 are formed in the base material 2, and the vibrating string 2 crosses these orifices 4.
A resonator is formed by stretching 0. Each vibrating string 20 is formed by twisting fibers having a high elastic coefficient, and is fixed to the outer edge portion of the orifice 4 at the end portion 3 thereof.

The vibrating string 20 may be made of metal or metal alloy.

As another example, the vibrating string 20 may be composed of polyester, polyamide or polyaramid fibers and may be constructed to include a material having good damping properties such as, for example, butyl elastomer.

In FIGS. 7A and 7B, a resonator forming a soundproofing material or an acoustic adjusting material according to the present invention is constituted by a plurality of vibrating blades 21 fixed to the base material 2 at one end 22. ing. Each vibrating blade 21 is preferably formed by the laminated vibrating membrane used in the embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 5. That is, the vibrating blade 21 is formed by laminating a plurality of metals and / or polymer materials, and the characteristics such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, and damping ratio of each material are arbitrarily selected.

Apart from the resonator used in the soundproofing material of the present invention, the substrate 2 influences the resonance frequency of the resonator and its associated energy absorption. Since this influence is related to the fixed state of the resonator, the material is appropriately selected so that the base material 2 exhibits a damping characteristic that improves the quality of the soundproof material. For example, if a substrate or support plate having a plurality of circular orifices with a diameter of about 10 mm is used, is this substrate or plate a stiffer plate or a plate made of an elastomer material? Therefore, by appropriately selecting the vibrating film made of metal, the excellent damping effect can be obtained as shown in the graph of FIG.

As one aspect of the above-described embodiment of the present invention, it is more preferable that the substrate has an elastomer material and the resonator is composed of a vibrating film of metal, a vibrating blade and / or a vibrating string. ..

FIG. 8A shows a base material having a large number of orifices 4 penetratingly formed within the area S.
Each orifice 4 is provided with a vibrating string, vibrating plate or membrane resonator.

When all the resonators in the area S are the same or substantially the same, their resonance frequencies are in close contact, and the sound pressure energy absorption corresponds to the predetermined frequency f ₀ .
The example of FIG. 15 shows a reaction when pink noise is input to a base material having a circular hole with a diameter of about 10 mm and a resonance frequency f ₀ of about 2100 Hz as described above.

On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8B and 9, the orifices 4'and 4 "having different shapes and sizes are formed so as to penetrate in the area S'of the base material.
The resonators corresponding to these orifices have different frequencies f
Resonates at ₁ , f ₂ , f ₃ , ... And absorbs sound pressure energy of noise in different frequency ranges corresponding to these resonance frequencies.

In the above embodiment, the orifice 4 ',
4 "is formed on the base material 2 through which the vibrating membrane 2 of the type described in the embodiment of FIG.
The soundproofing material according to the present invention can be obtained by fixing the vibrating film of 5 or metal. The vibrating membrane 25 has resonators having different resonance frequencies f ₁ , f ₂ , f ₃ , ... Depending on the portions that close the openings of the orifices 4 ′ and 4 ″ and the portions that are fixed to the outer peripheral edges of these orifices. Is fixed to the base material 2 by an adhesive or a similar means so that the base material 2 having the areas S and S ′ has an elastomer or plastomer (thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1 mm). plas
tomer). Such a sheet is formed with orifices 4 ′, 4 ″, ... After calendering, and is then formed as, for example, a metal sheet or foil, etc. Also, as in the vibrating membrane 25 of FIG. Alternatively, it can also be obtained by calendering or extrusion-blowing the elastomer component and then coating the metal foil with a molded product of such component, or by adhering the molded product to the metal foil by a method such as gluing. , Bonding with metal or composite sheets, hot plate presses, equipment containing "rotocure" heating cylinders used in the rubber industry, cold bonding with structural adhesives such as epoxy resin or thermoplastic polymer films It is performed by melting the.

Using the above-mentioned soundproofing material, S in FIG.
In order to manufacture a soundproofing device for soundproofing against a noise source indicated by O, a number of layers S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ which are vibration films of the type shown in FIG. 8A or 8B, respectively, are manufactured. ...
It is obtained by laminating and joining. Each layer S includes a base material 2 having orifices 4, 4 ′, 4 ″, and a plurality of resonator vibrating blades, vibrating strings, or vibrating membranes fixed in the orifices or at the outer edge thereof.

In the embodiment of FIG. 10, a plurality of resonators are formed by the vibrating film 25 corresponding to each layer S.
In FIG. 10, the vibrating membranes 25 ₁ , 25 ₂ , 25 ₃ are the layers S.
_It corresponds to ₁ , S ₂ , and S ₃ , respectively. The vibrating membranes are positioned so that resonators of adjacent vibrating membranes do not face each other in order to prevent sound energy from propagating through continuous portions of a plurality of base materials in the laminate. This positioning is performed by calculation or by randomly arranging the layers S with respect to each other. In this way, a soundproofing device having a function of absorbing incident sound energy of many different frequencies can be obtained.

The soundproofing material of the present invention in the above-described embodiments and modes is such that the sound pressure energy from the sound source SO is directly dissipated in the form of heat, but the sound pressure energy is once converted into electric energy. After that, it may be a soundproof material that dissipates electric energy as heat by the Joule effect.

The above energy conversion soundproof material is composed of the composite element 30 shown in FIG. That is, first, the base material sheet 31 is formed from a crystalline or polycrystalline material. The sheet 31 generates electric charges on the facing surfaces 32 and 33 by the piezoelectric effect due to the action of the sound pressure from the noise source. The conductive electrodes 34 and 35 that collect the charges are fixed to the sheet 31. The electric charges received by the electrodes 34 and 35 on the facing surfaces 32 and 33 are passed through the resistance element, and the electric energy is dissipated as heat by the Joule effect. The sheet 31 is formed from a PVDF-based polymer film that has been semi-crystalline by suitable thermomechanical processing, or other material with similar piezoelectric properties (piezoelectric constant), while the electrodes 33, 34 are preferably , Consisting of a very thin film of metal or metal alloy. This thin film is formed on the base sheet 31 by vacuum vapor deposition, or is adhered to the sheet 31 with a substantially conductive adhesive.

In order to fabricate a soundproofing device using the above soundproofing material, first the composite element 30 is placed on the substrate 2 shown in FIG. 12 having the orifices 4, 4 ', 4 ", and the first layer C is formed. ₁ is formed, then a second layer C ₂ is formed by using a similar base material and composite element, and the second layer C ₂ is joined to the first layer C _1, and layer formation and joining are repeated in the same manner. Base material 2
Is adjusted to have a resistance value of 0.1 to 100 ohm · cm. Preferably, in order to give an electric resistance to each layer C, a conductive filler such as carbon black or metal powder is included in the insulating material to measure the emission of electric energy by the Joule effect.

Further, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, a small bridge portion 42, which is a part of the conductive polymer material 41 for joining the layers C, covers the base sheet 31. The bridge portion 42 extends in the penetrating fine hole 40, and the bridge portion 42 measures the conduction between the electrodes 34 and 35 formed on the two opposing surfaces of the sheet 31.

The soundproofing device described above has many uses in general household and industrial fields.

For example, when the soundproofing device according to the present invention is used for attenuating noises and noises in a vehicle, the soundproofing device is used for noise sources such as an engine, a transmission and an aerodynamic fluid flow and a driver's cab in the vehicle. It is provided as a plate arranged between them.

When it is used for attenuating noise in the aircraft, it is provided as a plate fixed to the inner wall of the cockpit. Furthermore, in other land vehicles, road vehicles, railway vehicles, rivers or marine transport aircraft,
It is provided so as to shield noise sources such as the engine and the exhaust system.

Further, such a soundproof plate can be used for shielding a machine generating noise and lining a partition wall in a factory or a workplace. Furthermore, it can be widely applied to soundproofing of residential and industrial buildings. In this case, the soundproof plate not only attenuates the noise from adjacent parts in the same building,
It is also used for the purpose of protecting the building from noise from the outside, and its significance is to have a function of blocking from a general road and a motorway, especially in a city.

The soundproofing material and the soundproofing device according to the present invention are also advantageously used for acoustic correction and / or acoustic adjustment in a building. In this case, the soundproof plate fixed to the wall portion of the building reflects sound waves to lower the noise level and improve the habitability.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a film resonator, (a) is a cross-sectional view thereof, and (b) is a plan view thereof.

2 shows a laminated vibrating membrane suitable for forming a soundproofing material according to one embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view thereof, FIG.
(B) is another schematic cross-sectional view.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view corresponding to FIGS. 2A and 2B, showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing one shape of a vibrating film used for forming the soundproofing material of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing still another shape of the vibrating membrane used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows another example of the resonator suitable for forming the soundproofing material of the present invention, and FIG. 6 (a) is a sectional view according to the example,
(B) is sectional drawing which concerns on another example.

FIG. 7 shows still another embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG.
6A and 6B are diagrams corresponding to FIG. 6B and FIG.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a layer of the soundproofing material according to the present invention,
(A) and (b) show different examples.

9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line 9-9 in FIG. 8 (b).

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a soundproofing material according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

12 is a schematic view of a soundproofing device using the soundproofing material shown in FIG.

13 is a schematic view of a soundproofing device using the soundproofing material shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing test results.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing test results.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 12, 15, 25 Vibrating film 2, 31 Base material 5, 5 ', 8 core 6, 6', 7, 7 ', 9, 10 Outer sheet 4, 4', 4 ", 16 Orifice 13 Notch 20 Vibration string 21 Vibration blade 31 Base sheet 34, 35 Electrode 30 Composite element

Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. A soundproofing having a soundproofing action against sound pressure energy from a noise source, the soundproofing comprising a substrate and a plurality of resonators provided on the substrate so as to extend substantially along the surface thereof. As a material, the plurality of resonators are filamentous elements and / or
Or a structural characteristic including a density, elastic modulus, shear modulus, damping ratio, piezoelectricity of the element, and its shape and / or size, each resonator having a unique resonance frequency. And sound absorption energy from the noise source is absorbed at the resonance frequency, and the sound pressure energy is radiated as mechanical thermal energy and / or electrical energy. Material. 2. The base material is a base material having a plurality of through orifices, the element comprises a vibrating element selected from a vibrating membrane, a vibrating chord and / or a vibrating blade, and the vibrating element comprises the orifice. The soundproof material according to claim 1, wherein the soundproof material is fixed inside or on an outer edge of the orifice. 3. The soundproofing material according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of resonators is made of a vibrating film made of metal, and the base material is made of an elastomer material. 4. Each of the plurality of resonators comprises a laminated vibrating membrane, wherein the laminated vibrating membrane comprises at least two sheets of a material having a high elastic coefficient and a low damping factor (tan δ).
The soundproofing material of claim 1, comprising a sheet of material having a low shear modulus and a high damping factor (tan δ). 5. The laminated vibrating membrane comprises an intermediate sheet of a material having a low shear modulus and a high damping rate, and an outer sheet of a material having a high elastic modulus and a low damping rate formed on both sides of the intermediate sheet. The soundproofing material according to claim 4, wherein the soundproofing material is a sandwich type. 6. At least one of the outer sheets is 1
A sheet of a metal such as aluminum or a metal alloy having a thickness of 0 to 200 μm, wherein the intermediate sheet is 20 to 5
It has a thickness of 00 μm and its attenuation rate is 10 ^-2 to 50 x 1
The soundproofing material according to claim 5, wherein the soundproofing material is a sheet of an elastomer material having a size of 0 ^-2 . 7. The laminated vibration film has an intermediate sheet of a metal or metal alloy material such as aluminum having a high elastic modulus and a low damping rate, and a shear modulus and a high damping rate formed on both sides of the intermediate sheet. The soundproofing material according to claim 4, wherein the soundproofing material is a sandwich type having an outer sheet of an elastomer material. 8. The plurality of resonators are composed of a plurality of vibrating membranes, and the vibrating membranes have an outer shape selected from a circular shape, a square shape, an elliptical shape, and a crescent shape, and / or have an outer peripheral portion. The soundproof material according to claim 1, which is a vibrating film having a plurality of protrusions. 9. The soundproof material according to claim 8, wherein the laminated vibration film is fixed to the base material at an end portion of the protrusion. 10. The soundproofing material according to claim 8, wherein the resonance frequency is determined or changed by forming at least one corrugated portion on the vibrating membrane. 11. The soundproof material according to claim 8, wherein the resonance frequency is determined or changed by forming a plurality of openings having different shapes and dimensions through the vibration film. 12. The plurality of resonators are composed of thread-shaped elements, and each of the thread-shaped elements is formed by twisting fibers having a high elastic coefficient, such as metal wire or thread. The soundproofing material according to claim 1. 13. The plurality of resonators are composed of blade-like vibrating elements, each of the vibrating elements being fixed to the base material at its ends and made of a metal and / or a polymer material having a high elastic modulus. The soundproofing material according to claim 1, wherein 14. The plurality of resonators are composed of blade-shaped vibrating elements, and each of the composite vibrating elements is made of a metal and / or a polymer material having a high elastic coefficient and a material having a high damping rate. The soundproofing material according to claim 1, wherein the soundproofing material is provided. 15. At least one sheet made of a crystalline or polycrystalline material having a piezoelectric characteristic, in which electric charges are generated on a surface upon receiving a sound wave, and the generated electric charges are collected and the electric charges are made into an electric resistance material or a similar material. A soundproof material, comprising: a thin conductive electrode that converts the energy of the sound wave into electric energy by passing through the material having characteristics and radiates the electric energy as heat by Joule effect. 16. The at least one sheet is composed of a PVDF type polymer film semi-crystalline by an appropriate thermomechanical treatment, and the electrodes are formed on the polymer film by vacuum vapor deposition. 16. The soundproof material according to claim 15, which is composed of a metal film or a thin film of a metal such as aluminum or a metal alloy adhered to the polymer film with a substantially conductive adhesive. .. 17. A soundproofing device comprising a soundproof wall including at least one layer made of the soundproofing material according to claim 1. 18. The soundproof wall includes a plurality of layers of the soundproof material, the plurality of layers have a plurality of resonators, and the adjacent resonators are arranged not to face each other. The soundproofing device according to claim 17, characterized in that. 19. At least one sheet of crystalline or polycrystalline material having piezoelectric properties, the charge of which is generated on the surface in response to a sound wave, and the generated charge is collected and the charge is converted into an electric resistance material or a similar property. A thin conductive electrode that converts the energy of the sound wave into electric energy by passing the sound wave into electric energy and radiates the electric energy as heat by the Joule effect. The soundproofing device according to claim 16, wherein the electrodes of each of the layers are conducted through micropores formed through the sheet, and the charges are generated in the material layer.