JPH05134098A - Production method of useful element from water - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce various useful elements by making a cathode of palladium or palladium alloy, an anode of platinum to electrolyze heavy water and producing fusion reaction in using polynenclear deuterium as a catalyst. CONSTITUTION:Palladium or palladium alloy previously heat-treated in vacuum at 800 deg.C or higher is made a cathode 1 and platinum is used as an anode 2 for the purpose of electrolyzing heavy water containing a support electrolyte. The surface of anode material is directed with deuterium atoms and fusion reaction is produced for using polynenclear deuterium as a catalyst on/in the surface and/or the inside of the cathode. Useful elements such as lithium, berylium, boron, carbon, oxygen and fluorine are produced together with the generation of heat due to the hydrogen catalyst nuclear fusion reaction. In addition, palladium of the cathode 1 is reacted with deuterium, and indium and lutetium are produced. The electrolysis device is provided with the rod cathode 1 composed of a palladium or palladium alloy rod and the anode 2 composed of a platinum wire spirally wound around the circumference of the cathode 1 at constant intervals.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses a palladium or palladium alloy cathode in a method for electrolyzing heavy water, and produces a variety of indium, ruthenium and the like along with heat generation by a nuclear fusion reaction catalyzed by deuterium atoms of a polynuclear body occurring on the surface of the cathode. The present invention relates to a method for producing a useful element of

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Up to now, a nuclear fusion reaction can occur by using a palladium rod previously treated with deuterium gas as a cathode, platinum as an anode, and adding LiOD to an electrolyte to electrolyze heavy water. It is known that deuterium (D) in heavy water causes the following fusion reaction.

D + D → ³ He (0.82MeV) + n (2.45MeV) D + D → ³ T (1.0MeV) + p (3.0MeV) D + D → ⁴ He (0.08MeV) + γ (23.8MeV) ) (N: neutron, p: proton, γ: gamma ray)

Although it has been reported that abnormal heat generation is observed by these reactions, there is no report on other reactions and formation of other elements.

[0005]

In response to the above recognition, the inventors of the present invention have used heavy water containing palladium or a palladium alloy, which has been preliminarily heat-treated in a vacuum at 800 ° C. or more, as a cathode and platinum as an anode and a supporting electrolyte. Electrolysis, the surface of the cathode material is surrounded by deuterium atoms and a nuclear fusion reaction using the deuterium atoms of the polynuclear body as a catalyst is generated on the cathode surface and / or inside, resulting in heat generation by the hydrogen-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction. Together with lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, oxygen, fluorine, neon, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon,
Phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium, calcium,
It was found that useful elements such as titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, rubidium are produced, and palladium of the cathode reacts with deuterium or electrons to produce indium and ruthenium. The present invention has been reached.

Therefore, according to the present invention, palladium or a palladium alloy which has been previously heat-treated in a vacuum at 800 ° C. or higher is used as a cathode, platinum is used as an anode, and heavy water containing a supporting electrolyte is electrolyzed, and the surface of the cathode material is deuterated with deuterium atoms. It is a method of producing a useful atom as described above by enclosing and causing a nuclear fusion reaction using a deuterium atom of a polynuclear body as a catalyst on the surface and / or inside of the cathode and generating heat by the reaction.

[0007] In accordance with the above-mentioned configuration of the present invention, when the electrolysis of heavy water, the following initial electrode reactions anodic ^{_{D 2 O → 2D + + 1}} / 2O 2 ↑ + 2e - cathodic _{^{2D + + 2e - → D 2}} ↑ is Although it occurs, as described in detail in Examples later, after a certain amount of time, abnormal heat generation is observed in the cathode part, and a fusion element of deuterium atoms produces a useful element as described above. In addition, palladium atoms react with deuterium or electrons to produce indium and ruthenium. Although the mechanism of the nuclear fusion reaction in the heavy water electrolysis in the present invention is not fully understood, deuterium acts as a catalyst by surrounding the cathode surface or inside the palladium surface with deuterium atoms,

2D + e + D → ⁴ He + i ₁ + ² n 2D + e + D → ⁴ H + i ₁ + d 2D + e + D → ⁴ n + i ₂ + d (where D is a weight) Hydrogen atom, e is electron, ⁴ H is quadruple hydrogen,
² n is a double neutron, ⁴ n is a quadruple neutron, i ₁ is a single iton, i ₂ is a double iton, and d is a deuteron). Along with the heat generated by the reaction, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, oxygen, fluorine, neon, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur as shown in the formula below by multi-body fusion reaction via palladium of the cathode Chlorine, argon, potassium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc,
It is considered that useful elements such as rubidium are produced, and palladium of the cathode reacts with deuterium or electrons to produce indium and ruthenium. However, the method of the present invention is not bound by such a theory.

In the method of the present invention, the deuterium atoms surrounding the palladium surface of the cathode during electrolysis of heavy water produce lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms, for example, by the following multibody nuclear fusion reaction. 3D → ⁶ Li 5D → ¹⁰ B 6D → ¹² C 7D → ¹⁴ N 8D → ¹⁶ O In addition, in parallel with the above multi-body fusion reaction of deuterium atoms,
Palladium atoms react with deuterium atoms or electrons to form ruthenium and indium.

[0010]

[Equation 1]

¹¹⁰ Pd + 3D → ¹¹⁶ In → ¹¹⁵ In + n

In the method of the present invention, palladium or a palladium-silver alloy is used for the cathode. In order to cause the nuclear fusion reaction, it is essential that the cathode contains palladium, and the cathode may consist of only palladium, but in consideration of the stability of the mechanical strength of the cathode during electrolysis. A cathode made of an alloy of palladium and another metal can be used. A preferred metal forming an alloy with palladium is silver, and in this case, considering the function of palladium, the silver content in the alloy is preferably 30% by weight or less, and the composition ratio of palladium to silver is 70/30 to 95 by weight. It is preferred to use a / 5 palladium-silver alloy. In some cases, a silver plate coated with palladium by electroplating or vacuum coating can also be used as the cathode.

Further, the palladium or palladium alloy cathode used in the present invention needs to be previously heat-treated at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher. The purpose of this heat treatment is to desorb components in the air such as nitrogen molecules adsorbed on the surface of palladium or the palladium alloy. By performing these deaeration treatments before electrolysis, in heavy water electrolysis, the initiation of nuclear fusion reaction accompanied by heat generation due to deuterium catalysis on the surface and inside of the cathode material is promoted. Insufficient desorption of components in the air prevents the deuterium atom from approaching the palladium atom during electrolysis, and the desired fusion reaction does not occur.

This heat treatment is achieved by treating the cathode material in a vacuum heating furnace before electrolysis at a vacuum degree of 800 ° C. or higher and 10 ⁻⁴ Torr or higher. This heat treatment
The effect is enhanced by performing the treatment at a higher temperature for a longer time, but naturally, the treatment must be performed at a temperature lower than the melting point of the cathode material. Is obtained. Further, it is also preferable to perform deuterium substitution in a deuterium atmosphere after desorption of the components in the air. This deuterium replacement can be carried out by filling the furnace after the heat treatment with deuterium at an appropriate pressure.

The shape of the cathode is not particularly limited, but it may be rod-shaped or plate-shaped as used in ordinary electrolysis.

A platinum anode is used as the anode. The shape of the platinum anode is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the platinum anode is provided so as to surround a cathode made of palladium or a palladium alloy. When a rod-shaped cathode is used, it is spirally wound around the rod-shaped cathode at regular intervals. It is preferable to use an anode made of platinum wire provided as above. When a plate-shaped cathode is used, an anode made of two platinum plates provided in parallel to two surfaces of the plate-shaped cathode is used. Preferably.

The purity of the heavy water to be electrolyzed is not particularly limited, but it is clear that higher purity is preferable from the viewpoint of the purpose of the method of the present invention, and heavy water having a purity of 99.5% or more is preferably used.

A supporting electrolyte is added to the heavy water to be electrolyzed in order to ensure electric conductivity. The type of the supporting electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it can achieve the purpose, but is preferably a salt or hydroxide of an alkali metal, more preferably selected from NaCl, KCl, LiCl, NaOD, KOD and LiOD.

The current density used for electrolysis is not particularly limited as long as it can cause the above fusion reaction, but preferably the cathode current density is 10 A / dm ² or more, more preferably 20 A / dm ² or more. It is something to do.

In the method of the present invention, it is also preferable that the cathode is surrounded by a diaphragm to separate oxygen generated in the anode and deuterium generated in the cathode, and heavy water electrolysis is performed. As the diaphragm material, a fluorine-based cation exchange membrane (Nafion 117, 423, which is a polyperfluorosulfonic acid membrane manufactured by DuPont, USA), a porous fluororesin membrane (Teflon diaphragm manufactured by Nichias Co., Ltd., Japan Co., Ltd.) Gore-Tex Co., Ltd. Gore-Tex membrane, etc.), Porous polypropylene membrane (Polyplastics Co., Ltd. Juraguard, etc.), Porous ceramic membrane (Nippon Special Ceramics Co., Ltd. β-alumina membrane, etc.), Asbestos membrane (In addition to simple asbestos diaphragms, those reinforced with Teflon fibers, elastomers, etc. are also usable). The deuterium separated by providing these diaphragms can be used in a fuel cell, and can be expected to be used as a hybrid system of heavy water electrolysis-fuel cell.

Further, by carrying out the electrolysis by the method of the present invention in a pressurized state, it is possible to take out the energy of abnormal heat generation due to the fusion reaction as high temperature steam of 100 ° C. or higher. In this case, the electrolysis tank is closed and the gas generated by electrolysis is taken out of the system via the pressure control valve so that the pressure control valve sets the pressure inside the electrolysis cell and at the same time the whole electrolysis cell is sealed. It is preferable to carry out electrolysis in a pressurized container, pressurizing with nitrogen gas, and by adjusting the pressure to an equal pressure inside and outside the electrolytic cell. Furthermore, in this case, a gas-liquid separator is provided outside the closed pressurization vessel in front of the pressure control valve, and the gas discharged from the electrolytic cell is introduced into this to liquefy and separate a portion of the heavy water vapor, and then to the electrolytic cell. It is also preferable to recycle. Further, if deuterium and oxygen come into contact with each other under pressure, there is a risk of explosion, so it is necessary to separate the cathode and the anode with a diaphragm and take out deuterium and oxygen separately from the system.

When the method of the present invention is carried out, the fusion reaction is considered to occur after a certain time has elapsed after the start of electrolysis, as described above. It is also recognized that the nuclear fusion reaction is likely to occur when the electrolytic system is stimulated by doing so. Such cooling for the purpose can be performed, for example, by immersing the electrolytic cell in ice water.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an electrolysis apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. The device shown in FIG. 1 has a rod-shaped cathode and
It is an apparatus having an anode composed of a platinum wire provided so as to surround the rod-shaped cathode in a spiral shape at regular intervals. In FIG. 1, 1 is a cathode made of palladium or a palladium alloy rod, 2 is a platinum wire anode, 3 is water to which a supporting electrolyte is added, 4 is a thermometer, 5 is an internal cell,
6 is the water level, 7 is the thermocouple, 8 is glass, silica,
Teflon or stainless electrolytic cell, 9 indicates deuterium and oxygen.

Other apparatus used in the method of the present invention, conditions for electrolysis and the like will be understood by those skilled in the art of ordinary electrolysis. Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Palladium rod (diameter: 5 mm, length: 5 cm) was used as a cathode in advance of electrolysis in a vacuum heating furnace at 6 × 10 ⁻⁵ Torr, 80.
Platinum wire (diameter 0.3 mm) was used for the anode, which was degassed at 0 ° C. for 10 hours. As shown in FIG. 1, the anode platinum wire is placed around the palladium rod at about 1.5-.
It was placed in a spiral shape with a distance of 2 cm. Put 2.91 wt% saline (dissolved in 200 g of deionized heavy water (purity 99.9% or more) of NaCl 6 g) into a glass electrolytic cell, and set a palladium cathode so that the whole palladium rod is submerged in the heavy water. DC 0.85 Amp (cathode current density 10.3
A / dm ² ) was energized, and the electrolysis cell was electrolyzed at a liquid temperature of 40 ° C. by appropriately supplying heavy water to the electrolysis cell. During electrolysis, the electrolytic cell was immersed in a water bath to control the liquid temperature.

50 to 100 emulsion EM type MA-7B for autoradiography manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. on each side of a methacrylic resin plate of 20 cm × 25 cm × 1 mm.
Prepare a nuclear dry plate coated to a film thickness of μm,
Seven days after the start of electrolysis, one with the emulsion applied on one side and the other with the emulsion applied on both sides, 2 sheets each, 4 sheets in total, with the dry plate surface vertical, the dry plate surface on the straight line passing through the center of the electrolytic cell. Placed close to the electrolytic cell so that is parallel to the straight line,
Furthermore, 9 dry plates coated with emulsion on both sides are stacked and made vertical, and the thickness of the electrolytic cell is 50 on the straight line passing through the center of the electrolytic cell which makes an angle of 150 ° with the straight line on which the four dry plates are arranged.
The lead plates of mm were separated so that the dry plate surface was also parallel to the straight line.

For background use, one sheet each having the emulsion applied on one side and one sheet having the emulsion applied on both sides were placed at a distance of 2 km from the laboratory.

After applying electricity for 9 days in such a state, the electrolysis was once interrupted, and the whole electrolysis cell was immersed in ice water at 0 ° C. for about 8 hours to cool and then electrolysis was restarted. Then, the palladium bar generated heat to 300 to 340 ° C, and the liquid temperature in the cell gradually increased to 90 ° C or higher.

After performing electrolysis for 15 hours, single iton, double iton, double neutrons, quadruple neutrons, quadruple hydrogen, which are not observed in the background in the nuclear dry plate placed close to the electrolysis cell, Deuterons were detected, especially in the nuclear plate not blocked by the lead plate.

On the other hand, the cathodic palladium rod after electrolysis was cut at the center, and the cut surface portion was cut by EDX (Energy Dispersi
ve X-ray Spectroscopy) method,
Beryllium, boron, carbon, oxygen, fluorine, neon, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, argon, potassium, calcium, titanium,
Useful elements such as vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, rubidium, indium and ruthenium were detected. This shows that deuterium itself was transformed into a heavy element at once by the multibody nuclear fusion reaction, and that palladium of the cathode reacted with deuterium or electrons to be transformed into indium and ruthenium.

Example 2 In Example 1, Na was used as the supporting electrolyte instead of sodium chloride.
Heavy water containing 2.0 wt% caustic soda using OD (heavy water deionized from 4.1 g of caustic soda (purity 99.9% or more)
(Dissolved in 100 g) and other conditions were the same as in Example 1 except that heavy water electrolysis was performed.
From day one, the cathodic palladium rod suddenly generated heat and 300 to 3
The temperature reached 30 ° C, and the liquid temperature gradually increased to 90 ° C or higher. The electrolysis was performed for 16 days. Single iton, double iton, double neutron, quadruple neutron, quadruple hydrogen, deuteron, etc., which are not observed in the background, are detected in the nuclear dry plate placed close to the electrolysis cell in the same manner as in Example 1. Was done. After the electrolysis, the cathode palladium rod was cut at the center and the cut surface was analyzed by the EDX method. As a result, it was confirmed that various useful elements similar to those in Example 1 were produced.

Example 3 In Example 2, instead of the palladium cathode rod, an alloy rod having a palladium / silver = 90/10 weight ratio (diameter: 5 m) was used.
m, length 5 cm, 4 in a vacuum heating furnace prior to electrolysis
X10 ^-5 Torr, degassed at 800 ° C. for 10 hours), and other conditions were the same as in Example 2 except for direct current.
As a result of conducting heavy water electrolysis by energizing 1.0 A (cathode current density 12.1 A / dm ² ), the cathode rod rapidly generated heat from the 9th day of electrolysis to 300 to 330 ° C., and the liquid temperature gradually increased. Reached over 90 degrees Celsius. The electrolysis was performed for 15 days. Single iton, double iton, double neutron, quadruple neutron, quadruple hydrogen, deuteron, etc., which are not observed in the background, are detected in the nuclear dry plate placed close to the electrolysis cell in the same manner as in Example 1. Was done. After the electrolysis, the cathode rod was cut at the center, and the cut surface portion was analyzed by the EDX method. As a result, it was confirmed that various useful elements similar to those in Example 1 were produced.

Example 4 In Example 2, a palladium cathode rod was formed into a cylindrical bag shape (diameter 15 mm, length 10 cm and bottom was attached) polyperfluorosulfonic acid membrane (Dafon Nafion 42).
It was surrounded by 3), and a platinum wire was spirally placed outside the polyperfluorosulfonic acid film to perform electrolysis.
The polyperfluorosulfonic acid membrane was connected to a Teflon tube, and hydrogen gas generated from the cathode was separated from oxygen gas and collected. From the 10th day after the start of electrolysis, the palladium rod generated heat and reached 300 to 330 ° C, and the liquid temperature gradually increased to 90 ° C or higher. The electrolysis was performed for 15 days. Single iton, double iton, double neutron, quadruple neutron, quadruple hydrogen, deuteron, etc., which are not observed in the background, are detected in the nuclear dry plate placed close to the electrolysis cell in the same manner as in Example 1. Was done. After the electrolysis, the cathode rod was cut at the center, and the cut surface portion was analyzed by the EDX method. As a result, it was confirmed that various useful elements similar to those in Example 1 were produced.

Example 5 In Example 2, the passing current was 2 A (cathode current density 24.
3 A / dm ² ) and the other conditions were the same as in Example 2 except that heavy water electrolysis was carried out. As a result, the cathode palladium rod generated heat from the 7th day after the start of electrolysis and the temperature rapidly increased to 300 to 340 ° C. The temperature gradually rose to 90 ° C or higher. The electrolysis was performed for 15 days. Single iton, double iton, double neutron, quadruple neutron, quadruple hydrogen, which are not observed in the background in the nuclear plate placed close to the electrolysis cell,
Deuterons and the like were detected as in Example 1. After the electrolysis, the cathode rod was cut at the center, and the cut surface portion was analyzed by the EDX method. As a result, it was confirmed that various useful elements similar to those in Example 1 were produced.

Example 6 It has the same shape and dimensions as the electrolytic cell used in Example 4, but is made of stainless steel, and the internal pressure can be raised by taking out the generated gas through a pressure regulating valve. An electrolytic cell is used, a porous Teflon diaphragm is used instead of Nafion 423, and the entire electrolyzer is enclosed in a pressurized airtight container pressurized with nitrogen gas, so that the inside and outside of the electrolytic cell are under constant pressure. Thus, the same electrolysis as in Example 2 was performed. As in Example 2, abnormal heat generation was observed in the cathode part from the 10th day after the start of electrolysis, and 210 ° C. steam could be taken out when the pressure in the electrolytic cell and the pressure-closed vessel was 20 kg / cm ² . .. The electrolysis was performed for 15 days. Single iton, double iton, double neutron, quadruple neutron, quadruple hydrogen, deuteron, etc., which are not observed in the background, are detected in the nuclear dry plate placed close to the electrolysis cell in the same manner as in Example 1. Was done. As a result of cutting the cathode rod after electrolysis at the center and analyzing the cut surface portion by EDX method, it was confirmed that various useful elements similar to those in Example 1 were produced.

[0036]

According to the method of the present invention, a large amount of energy can be obtained by causing a nuclear fusion reaction by electrolysis of heavy water, and at the same time, various useful metals can be produced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Palladium or palladium alloy cathode, 2 Platinum wire anode, 3 Heavy water with supporting electrolyte, 4 Thermometer, 5 Internal cell, 6 Water level, 7 Thermocouple, 8 Glass, silica, Teflon or stainless electrolytic cell, 9 Deuterium And oxygen.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Harada 28-16 Inuyama-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. Palladium or palladium alloy, which has been previously heat-treated in a vacuum at 800 ° C. or higher, is used as a cathode, platinum is used as an anode, and heavy water containing a supporting electrolyte is electrolyzed, and the surface of the cathode material is surrounded by deuterium atoms. A method for producing various useful elements by causing a nuclear fusion reaction using a deuterium atom of a polynuclear body as a catalyst on the cathode surface and / or inside. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein heavy water having a purity of 99.5% or more is electrolyzed. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein indium and ruthenium are produced as useful elements by a nuclear fusion reaction between a palladium atom and deuterium or a reaction between a palladium atom and an electron. 4. An alloy composed of palladium and silver having a composition ratio of 70/30 to 95/5 is used as a cathode.
The method according to any one of 3 above. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein an anode composed of a rod-shaped cathode and a platinum wire provided so as to surround the rod-shaped cathode in a spiral shape at regular intervals is used. .. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein an anode composed of a plate-shaped cathode and two platinum plates provided in parallel with two surfaces of the plate-shaped cathode is used. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein electrolysis is performed in an electrolytic cell in which an anode and a cathode are separated by a diaphragm. 8. A membrane comprising any one of a fluororesin cation exchange membrane, a porous fluororesin membrane, a porous polyethylene membrane, a porous polypropylene membrane, a porous ceramics membrane and an asbestos membrane is used. 7. The method according to 7. 9. The supporting electrolyte is NaCl, KCl, LiC.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is selected from l, NaOD, KOD and LiOD. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein electrolysis is carried out at a cathode current density of at least 10 Amp / dm ² . 11. Electrolysis is performed by an electrolysis device housed in a closed pressure vessel pressurized with nitrogen gas.
The method according to any one of 1.