JPH05107447A - Stereo-microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To compact a stereo-microscope by arranging a range-finding light-projecting means between the right and left binocular enlarging optical systems, so that a focusing mechanism can be driven on the basis of the signal of a range-finding means. CONSTITUTION:A binocular enlarging optical system 20 is constituted in such a way that an objective lens 11 is arranged in front of a binocular telescopic optical system consisting of a first group 21 of right and left zoom lenses or the like and eyepiece lenses 26, so that the focus can be adjusted to a finite distance. Further, a down- projection lighting means 30 projects light toward a subject W through the objective lens 11 by means of a light source 31 that has been arranged nearly in parallel with the light source of the objective lens 11, a condenser lens group 32, two rectangular prisms 33, 34, and a relay lens 36. Further, a range-finding light-projecting means 40 is arranged between the binocular enlarging optical system 20. On the other hand, in the rear on the opposite side of the down-projection lighting means 30, an active type range finding means 45 is arranged. The range finding 45 comprises a range- finding system lens 46, a range-finding prism 47, and a range-finding optical system by means of a detection module 48; so that the operation of the subject W can be calculated for driving a focusing mechanism.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a binocular stereomicroscope used as a surgical microscope or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, when performing an operation or the like, when the affected area is fine, the affected area is treated by enlarging the affected area with a binocular stereoscopic microscope. A magnifying optical system that substantially constitutes a binocular magnifying lens is arranged in the rear, and as its focus adjustment, one that installs a mechanism for vertically moving or laterally moving the entire microscope by a rack and pinion configured on a column It has been put to practical use.

Further, the binocular stereomicroscope described above is also known in which incident light illuminating means for illuminating a subject is built in.
The epi-illumination means is configured to illuminate the subject with illumination light from a light source through the objective lens.

[0004]

However, the conventional binocular stereomicroscope as described above does not have an automatic focusing function, and the user performs a focusing operation while looking at a magnified image to focus. However, when you use the microscope again after removing it from the microscope during use and performing visual treatment, it is necessary to correct the focus shift in response to the movement of the microscope. Further, there is a problem that the work of refocusing is necessary even when the observation position of the inspected portion is changed, and the focusing work is complicated.

In particular, when an emergency such as bleeding occurs during an operation, it is necessary to remove the microscope from the subject's part and perform an emergency treatment, and refocusing is required when the work of the subject's part is performed again. In addition to the treatment for the affected area, it is necessary to move and focus the microscope, which may hinder a quick work.

As a countermeasure, it is conceivable to devise a special pedestal and install a mechanism having a storage means for returning the microscope so that it can be returned to the same in-focus position with respect to the observation position after the microscope is removed from the observation position. However, in the case where this mechanism is additionally provided, the mechanism for controlling the position of the whole heavy binocular stereomicroscope in correspondence with the predetermined focus position becomes large, lacks the lightness of operation, and becomes expensive.

Therefore, in the present invention, the binocular stereomicroscope is configured to have an automatic focusing function. The distance measuring projection means and the distance measuring means are provided for performing the automatic focusing. The objective is to install the lens in a compact manner without affecting other binocular magnifying optical systems and epi-illumination means.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a binocular stereomicroscope of the present invention is provided with a binocular magnifying optical system reaching left and right eyepieces at the left and right positions of a central portion with respect to an objective lens having a large aperture. An illumination optical system for irradiating an object with illumination light from a light source through the objective lens is arranged in front of or behind the binocular magnifying optical system with respect to the objective lens, and a distance measuring beam is provided between the binocular magnifying optical systems. Is provided with a distance-measuring light-projecting means for forming a spot image on the subject, and the amount of positional deviation of the spot image in the optical axis direction is re-imaged on the side opposite to the illumination optical system. An active type distance measuring unit for measuring from a different position is arranged, and an automatic focusing function is provided for driving a focusing mechanism based on a signal from the distance measuring unit to perform focusing.

[0009]

In the binocular stereomicroscope as described above, the illumination light is projected onto the subject by the epi-illumination means, and the observation light beam passes from the objective lens through the left and right binocular magnifying optical systems to the eyepieces to form a magnified image. Observed by the user. Further, the projection beam from the distance-measuring projection means is projected through the objective lens from between the binocular magnifying optical systems to the subject, and a spot image is formed on the subject on the optical axis of the objective lens. This spot image is re-imaged by the active distance measuring means through the objective lens, and a signal obtained by measuring the position shift amount of the spot image in the optical axis direction from the re-imaging position is output from the distance measuring means. The focusing mechanism is driven based on the signal to perform automatic focusing.

The optical axis of the projection beam from the distance measuring projection means is coaxial with the optical axis of the objective lens, and the projected spot image is projected perpendicularly to the subject, The position is always in the center of the binocular stereoscopic image, and parallax does not occur between the subject and the distance measurement detection position. further,
The distance measuring means that receives the spot image and detects it by the active method is installed in an unused area that does not interfere with the binocular magnifying optical system and the epi-illumination system, so that it automatically focuses without hindering the light amount of other functions. The functions are attached compactly. With this automatic focusing function, even if the microscope is moved during surgery or the like and the object distance changes, the focusing operation is unnecessary due to the automatic focusing, and the user can concentrate on the treatment of the subject.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an internal optical mechanism of a binocular stereomicroscope of one embodiment.

The binocular stereomicroscope 10 is provided with a binocular magnifying optical system 20, an epi-illumination means 30, a distance measuring projection means 40, a distance measuring means 45, etc. in a sealed housing (not shown). An objective lens 11 (unit) having a large diameter is arranged facing the sample W.

As shown in FIG. 2, the objective lens 11 has a fixed objective lens 11a having a negative lens system (concave lens) as a whole and a positive lens system (convex lens) having a back as a whole. It has a movable objective lens 11b. The movable objective lens 11b
Is arranged so as to be movable in the optical axis direction by driving a focusing mechanism 50 described later.

The back of the objective lens 11 (above)
A pair of left and right binocular magnifying optical systems 20 for obtaining a magnified image of the subject W are installed on both sides of the central portion in FIG. This binocular magnifying optical system 20, as shown in FIG.
A left and right zoom lens first group 21, a zoom lens second group 22, a relay lens group 23, a first prism portion 24, a second prism portion 25, and an eyepiece lens 26 (unit) are arranged in this order from the 11 side. Has been done.

The binocular magnifying optical system 20 which is the basic configuration of the binocular stereomicroscope 10 is a finite optical system in which the objective lens 11 is arranged in front of the binocular telescopic optical system from the first zoom lens group 21 to the eyepiece lens 26. The focal point is configured to be focused on the distance (focusing distance L). Further, the focusing distance L is
The movable objective lens 11b of the objective lens 11 is moved in the optical axis direction to be changed so as to focus on the position of the subject W.

Epi-illumination means 30 is arranged in front of the left and right binocular magnifying optical systems 20 with respect to the objective lens 11, and the epi-illumination means 30 serves as the optical axis of the objective lens 11 as shown in FIG. An illumination optical system 35 including a light source 31 (lamp), a condenser lens group 32, two right-angle prisms 33 and 34, and a relay lens 36, which are arranged substantially in parallel,
Illumination light is directed toward the subject W through the objective lens 11.

A distance-measuring projection means 40 is disposed between the left and right binocular magnifying optical systems 20. As shown in FIG. 4, the distance measuring light projecting means 40 is composed of a light projecting LED 41 (light emitting diode) for irradiating infrared light, a light projecting lens 42, and a light projecting prism 43. A projection beam of infrared light from the object W is projected from the position coaxial with the optical axis center of the objective lens 11 to the subject W through the objective lens 11 and the subject W
An image is formed in the form of a spot image on the top.

On the other hand, an active type distance measuring means 45 is disposed in the rear of the side opposite to the epi-illumination means 30. As shown in FIG. 4, the distance measuring means 45 has a distance measuring optical system including a distance measuring system lens 46, a distance measuring prism 47, and a detection module 48 from the objective lens 11 side. The detection module 48 has a detection element 49 (see FIG. 5) built therein and is unitized, and detects the positional deviation of the spot image by the distance measuring light projecting means 40 in the optical axis direction.

The principle of detection by the distance measuring means 45 is that, as shown in FIG. 5, the spot image projected by the distance measuring light projecting means 40 forms an image on the subject W at the point A ₀ , This spot image passes through the distance measuring system lens 46 and is re-imaged at the point B ₀ of the detection element 49 of the detection module 48. Further, when the subject W is at the point A ₁ , the spot image is a distance measuring lens.
The image is re-imaged at a different point B ₁ of the detecting element 49 by the 46. That is, as the position of the subject W moves from A ₀ to A ₁ by L ₀ , the re-imaging position on the detection element 49 changes from B ₀ to B ₁ by the displacement amount d. Then, the position of the subject W is calculated based on the displacement amount d of the re-imaging position, and the focusing mechanism 50 is driven to perform automatic focusing.

The focusing mechanism 50 is provided with a movable objective lens 11b of the objective lens 11 movably in the optical axis direction as the cam barrel 51 rotates as shown in FIG.
At 52, a known mechanism is configured to drive the cam cylinder 51 to rotate, and a drive signal for changing the focus position based on the distance measurement signal obtained by arithmetically processing the signal from the detection element 49 of the detection module 48 is generated. It is output to the motor 52 of the focusing mechanism 50 to automatically focus the subject W.

FIG. 3 shows the planar arrangement of each optical system with respect to the objective lens 11. For the objective lens 11 having a large aperture, the aperture of the binocular magnifying optical system 20 is provided on the left and right sides of the center of the objective lens 11. Left and right zoom lens first group 21,21
The right-angle prism 34 of the illumination optical system 35 is arranged in the center position in front of it, and the distance measuring system lens 46 (distance measuring lens) of the optical system in the distance measuring means 45 is arranged in the center position in the rear on the opposite side. A prism 47) is provided. Further, a light-projecting prism 43 of the distance-measuring light-projecting means 40 is arranged between the left and right zoom lens first groups 21, 21 of the binocular magnifying optical system 20, and the light-projecting beam by the light-projecting prism 43 is arranged. The center of is aligned with the center of the objective lens 11.

In contrast to the above, the distance measuring means 45 may be arranged in front of the binocular magnifying optical system 20, and the illumination optical system 35 may be arranged behind.

Here, to show an example of changing the focusing distance with respect to the moving amount of the movable objective lens 11b in the focusing mechanism 50, the fixed objective lens 11a has a focal length f ₁ of −350 mm and the movable objective lens 11b has a focal length. Assuming that f ₂ is 150 mm and the center distance S (see FIG. 2) between the _two is changed to 2 to 15 mm, the focusing distance L from the center of the fixed objective lens 11a to the subject W changes to 256 to 220 mm. .. That is,
The focusing zone for the moving amount 13 mm of the movable objective lens 11b is 36 mm, and the subject W placed between them can be automatically focused by driving the movable objective lens 11b.

According to the above embodiment, the space and the optical path of the objective lens 11 which are not used in the binocular magnifying optical system 20 are effectively used, and the illumination optical system 35 of the epi-illumination means 30 and the distance projecting means 40 are used. By disposing the optical system and the optical system of the distance measuring means 45, the active distance measuring means 45 is installed in a place not conventionally used, and further, the focusing mechanism 50 for moving a part of the objective lens 11 is provided. Along with the provision, a binocular stereomicroscope 10 having an automatic focusing function with a quick focusing operation can be configured compactly, and since the optical systems do not interfere with each other and do not disperse, the loss of the amount of magnified observation light is provided. Also, good observation, illumination, and distance measurement can be performed without loss of light amount of illumination light. Further, the automatic focusing function can be attached to the binocular stereomicroscope 10 having the conventional structure with a few structural changes.

In addition, since the distance measuring optical system is arranged after the objective lens 11, the objective lens 11 is replaced and the microscope 10 is replaced.
Even if the total magnification is changed, an automatic focusing function can be obtained by connecting the focusing mechanism 50 without affecting the distance measuring function.

In the above embodiment, the objective lens
A focusing mechanism 50 for moving a part of the lens 11 is provided, and the focal length of the lens system is changed based on the output signal from the distance measuring means 45 to achieve focusing. It is also possible to provide a drive system in which the whole is moved in the optical axis direction, and drive it to align the position of the subject W with the focal length position of the objective lens 11 for automatic focusing. Also,
The present invention is not limited to a surgical microscope, but can be applied to other binocular stereoscopic microscopes for medical use, experiments, and the like.

[0027]

According to the binocular stereomicroscope of the present invention as described above, the binocular magnifying optical system is arranged on the left and right sides of the center of the objective lens, and the illumination optical system is arranged in front of or behind the objective lens and on the opposite side. By arranging the distance measuring means of the active method, further arranging the distance measuring projection means between the left and right binocular magnifying optical systems, and arranging to drive the focusing mechanism based on the signal of the distance measuring means. , The back space of the objective lens and the optical path can be used effectively to compactly install the automatic focusing function with good operating characteristics in the binocular stereomicroscope, eliminating the need for focusing operation when the microscope is moved to the observation position. The user can always observe a clear magnified image and devote himself / herself to treatment of the subject, and has a practically excellent effect as a surgical microscope or the like.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an internal optical mechanism of a binocular stereomicroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a binocular magnifying optical system.

FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of each optical system with respect to the objective lens.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a distance measuring light projecting unit, a distance measuring unit, and an illumination optical system.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a detection principle of an active distance measuring unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Binocular stereomicroscope 11 Objective lens 20 Binocular magnifying optics 26 Eyepiece 30 Illumination means 31 Light source 35 Illumination optics 40 Distance projection light emitter 43 Light projection prism 45 Distance measurement means 46 Distance measurement system lens 47 Distance measurement prism 48 Detection Module 50 Focusing mechanism 52 Motor W Subject

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location G02B 21/22 7246-2K 7811-2K G02B 7/11 B

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Illumination optics for irradiating a subject with illumination light from a light source while binocular magnifying optical systems reaching left and right eyepieces are provided on both left and right sides of the center of an objective lens having a large aperture. In the binocular stereomicroscope in which the system is arranged, the illumination optical system is arranged in front of or behind the binocular magnifying optical system with respect to the objective lens, and a distance measuring beam is projected between the binocular magnifying optical systems. With a distance-measuring light-projecting unit for forming a spot image on the subject,
On the opposite side of the illumination optical system, an active distance measuring means for measuring the amount of displacement of the spot image in the optical axis direction from the re-imaged position is arranged, and focusing is performed based on the signal of the distance measuring means. A binocular stereomicroscope having an automatic focusing function for driving a mechanism to perform focusing.