JPH05106629A - Load transmitting shaft made of fiber reinforced plastics - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve bonding pressure strength at sticking faces in a load transmitting shaft made of fiber reinforced plastics for an automobile and the like, by constituting the inner layer of a pipe out of two layers respectively specified the orientation of fiber, the middle layer out of a fiber layer specified the orientation angle and a plurality of layers of unidirectional fiber sheet of the orientation angle zero, and the outer layer out of two layers of cloth layers specified the orientation angle of warp. CONSTITUTION:A fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 is constituted of an inner layer 21, a middle layer 22, and an outer layer 23. The inner layer 21 is formed by laminating carbon fiber or the like on a mandrel 24 at orientation angle against the axial direction + or -45 degrees (L1 layer) and + or -75-+ or -90 degrees (L2 layer). The middle layer 22 is constituted of a layer L3 of carbon fiber or the like of orientation angle + or -15-+ or -45 degrees and a plurality of layers L4-L9 laminated up to decided thickness unidirectionally arranged fiber at orientation angle zero. The outer layer 23 is constituted of a layer L10 of which cloth of shock absorbing fiber such as glass fiber is arranged at warp orientation angle 0-90 degrees, and a layer 11 of the orientation angle + or -45 degrees. A joint member 3 is stuck to the pipe 5 through an insert ring 4.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic used for transportation equipment such as automobiles, ships, aircrafts, railway vehicles, industrial equipment and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Fiber-reinforced plastic materials (FRP) made of resin reinforced with carbon fibers or glass fibers have higher specific strength and specific elastic modulus than general structural materials such as metal materials. The technology for forming hollow pipes has been put to practical use.

In this type of fiber reinforced plastic pipe forming means, a tape material in which fibers are aligned in one direction is wound around an outer surface of a rotating mandrel by a winding device and laminated to form a pseudo woven laminate. Winding method (TW), or filament winding method (FW) in which a roving material in which fibers are aligned in one direction is wound around the outer surface of a rotating mandrel by a winding device and laminated to form a pseudo woven fabric laminate. A sheet rolling method (SR) that forms a laminate by winding a sheet material in which fibers are aligned or a woven sheet material in which fibers are woven in a direction orthogonal to each other is wound around the outer surface of a rotating mandrel using a rolling molding machine, or an equivalent effect. Wrap the product around the outer surface of the mandrel which is rotated by the winding device. It is formed by a sheet winding method for forming a laminated body (SW).

The above-mentioned fiber-reinforced plastic pipe has characteristics such as higher specific strength and specific elastic modulus than metal pipes, and thus has been put to practical use in all industrial fields. Therefore, metal pipes are still used for main structural parts.

However, for a tail rotor drive shaft of a helicopter, a propeller shaft of an automobile, a truss for a large-scale truss structure, and a drive shaft for industrial equipment, the weight of the structure is reduced, the number of parts is reduced by the integrated structure, and high speed rotation is achieved. There is a strong demand for replacing metal pipes with fiber-reinforced plastic pipes from the standpoints of reducing shaft runout, improving tensile / compressive load, and improving environmental characteristics.

A fiber-reinforced plastic pipe is applied to a pipe having a length equal to or longer than that of an already installed metal pipe, for example, a metal pipe in which two or three metal pipes are connected through a joint. If the pipes of the present invention are simply formed by using existing general materials for forming the pipes of the book, the formed pipes of the fiber-reinforced plastic do not have the desired properties.

That is, a shaft that rotates at high speed, a shaft that receives bending, or a shaft that receives a large load in the axial direction requires a layer in which the fiber direction becomes 0 degrees with respect to the axial direction as the length of the pipe becomes longer. , As the layer responsible for the strength of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe, the fiber direction is 0 with respect to the axial direction.
It is required to stack several layers.

The fiber-reinforced plastic pipe is formed by laminating a layer in which the reinforcing fibers are oriented parallel to the pipe axis and a layer in which the reinforcing fibers are oriented in a direction intersecting with the pipe axis in the bias direction. JP-A-63-254
No. 214 is known.

In addition, a fiber-reinforced plastic cylinder of a propeller shaft of an automobile is attached to the axial direction of the cylinder ±.
± with respect to the axial direction of the first winding layer made of glass fiber or highly elastic organic fiber wound at an angle of 60 to 90 degrees and the cylindrical body
Formed with a second winding layer containing carbon fibers wound at an angle of less than 60 degrees, and forming the first winding layer as the outermost layer,
It is known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-41246.

On the other hand, in a load transmission shaft having a metal pipe used for transportation equipment or industrial equipment, the metal pipe and the joint member are joined by welding means, fixing means or fitting means. The manufactured pipe has different mechanical properties from the metal pipe, that is, it is hard to be thermally deformed, elastically deformed and plastically deformed, and the metal is an isotropic material, whereas the fiber reinforced plastic is an anisotropic material. Therefore, the method of joining with the joint member is an issue.

However, in the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe, as long as the matrix resin is a thermosetting resin, the joint member cannot be joined by welding means, and even if the matrix resin is a thermoplastic resin, Unless the joint member is made of thermoplastic resin, the joint member cannot be joined by the existing welding means.
As a means for joining a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe and a joint member, a fixing means such as a rivet is used, which is known from Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-91118.

In addition to these, in the case of molding a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe, fibers are directly entangled in a joint member to strengthen the axial joint strength between the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe and the joint member (Actual Development Sho 55. -99
No. 905) or a pipe made of fiber reinforced plastic and integrally formed with a polygonal ring corresponding to a joint member having a polygonal end shape (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6).
No. 1-4687) or a mandrel having tapered portions at both ends to form a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe having conical portions at both ends (JP-A-1-126).
No. 412) or a mandrel of which both ends have a polygonal cross section, and both ends of the molded pipe have a polygonal cross section (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-126412).

Further, the end of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe is covered with a cylindrical portion provided on the yoke, and the ring mounted inside the pipe is expanded by pulling a pressing member with a bolt to mechanically expand the pipe and the yoke. What is crimped is known from Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-184121.

Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-16125 discloses that a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe and a yoke are joined by adhering a yoke to the inner surface of the end of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe with an adhesive. ..

[0015]

In the above-mentioned fiber-reinforced plastic pipe, among the layers forming the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe, there are multiple layers (about 5 layers or more) in which the fiber direction is 0 degree with respect to the axial direction. If so, cracks may occur due to the thermal expansion of the mandrel at the time of heat curing, and according to the compression impact test on the laminated flat plate, the unidirectional sheet material is 45 degrees / -45 degrees or 90 degrees / -90 degrees.
When they are symmetrically arranged like a degree, peeling is likely to occur between the layers of 45 degrees and −45 degrees or between the layers of 0 degrees and 90 degrees, and peeling and cracks are likely to occur in a layer in which a multilayer is laminated in one direction. That is, the angle formed by the fibers of the overlapping layers is 0.
In a region where the angle is 90 degrees or 90 degrees, delamination or crack propagation is likely to occur due to external impact. In addition, there are test results that the woven layer easily absorbs impact from the outside, and in addition, it is difficult to perform bias winding on a long mandrel, so that strict performance requirements cannot be satisfied.

Further, in the case where a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe is molded, unless the fiber direction is ± 15 degrees or more with respect to the axial direction, the winding force of the fiber in the cylindrical direction is not retained, and the fiber comes loose from the mandrel. I will end up.

Further, when the fiber reinforced plastic pipe and the joint member are joined by the fixing means, it is necessary to form the fixing hole, so that the fiber of the layer is cut at the portion where the fixing hole is formed, so that the strength is increased. Deteriorates, and stress concentration causes breakage at the hole formation site.

Further, other fiber-reinforced plastic pipe forming means cannot fluidly cope with the change in the length of the pipe, and the strength is lowered due to the bending of the fibers at the shape change parts at both ends. However, it is difficult to manufacture on a commercial basis.

Further, in the molding means for mechanically crimping the yoke to the end of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe with a bolt,
Since the press-fitting and crimping force is maintained by the tensile force of the bolt, if the bolt is repeatedly twisted, the bolt may loosen and the press-fitting and crimping force may not be maintained, and the bolt may come off.

Further, in the molding means for adhering the yoke to the fiber reinforced plastic pipe via the adhesive, it is difficult to stabilize the adhesive pressure in the radial direction between the pipe and the yoke, and the load from the yoke to the pipe is surely secured. However, there is a problem in that it cannot be easily transmitted to an axial load and is easily disengaged with respect to an axial load.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and is provided with a pipe made of fiber reinforced plastic that causes cracks in each layer and is less likely to peel between layers due to external impact,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft having a light and solid structure and a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft that retains sufficient bonding pressure on a joint surface and has a reduced number of constituent parts.

[0022]

A fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft of the present invention comprises a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe formed of three layers of an inner layer, an intermediate layer and an outer layer, and a joint member fixed to an end portion of the pipe. The inner layer of the pipe has a first layer in which fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees and the fibers have an orientation angle of ± 75
It is formed with a second layer laminated at an angle of ± 90 ° to ± 90 °, and the middle layer of the pipe is made of strong fibers with an orientation angle of ± 15 ° to ± 4
The third layer laminated at 5 degrees and the fourth layer laminated at a unidirectional fiber sheet material at an orientation angle of 0 degrees are formed by laminating a plurality of times. It is composed of a fifth layer laminated so as to be 90 degrees and a sixth layer where fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees.

The fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft of the present invention is arranged so that fibers are arranged on the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe and inner and outer surfaces, and the pipe is fitted on the inner surface of the end of the pipe with an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness. An insert ring having a tapered surface to be attached, and a taper portion corresponding to the tapered surface of the insert ring, and is fitted to the insert ring with an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness so as to expand the diameter of the insert ring. And a joint member.

[0024]

In the load transmission shaft made of the fiber reinforced plastic of the present invention, the inner layer of the fiber reinforced plastic hollow pipe is a laminated layer which is strong against external impact, twist, expansion and contraction, and the intermediate layer is improved in strength and rigidity and from the outside. It is a layer that does not easily delaminate against the impact of and the outer layer is a layer that is resistant to the impact from the outside, improving axial bending rigidity, torsional rigidity, and torsional strength, and resisting compression buckling and torsion buckling. It prevents deformation due to expansion and contraction as well as delamination and cracking, is strong against external impact, and has a very light and solid structure.

Further, in the fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft of the present invention, the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe and the joint member are integrally joined by press-fitting adhesive joining, and a plurality of adhesive layers are arranged on the joining surface. By arranging the fibers,
Maintain the thickness of the adhesive layer to a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the fiber,
The manufacturing cost can be reduced by maintaining a sufficient adhesive pressure on the joint surface, reducing the number of constituent parts, and simplifying the joint process.

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a joint structure of a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft according to the present invention. This joint structure 1 has a joint member 3 having a cylindrical portion 2 having a truncated cone shape.
And a flanged insert ring 4 which is mounted on the truncated conical tube portion 2. The insert ring 4 is of a split type or slit type, and the split type or slit type insert ring is selected as necessary. The outer surface 4a of the insert ring 4 is set to a size corresponding to the inner surface 5a of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5 to be fitted. The outer surface 2a of the frusto-conical cylindrical portion 2 of the joint member 3 is a tapered surface having an angle of 45 degrees or less, and the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4 fitted into the frusto-conical cylindrical portion 2 is the above-mentioned. It is a tapered surface corresponding to the tapered surface 2a of the truncated cone-shaped cylindrical portion 2. Then, a bolt is screwed into the screw hole 7 provided in the base portion 6 of the joint member 3.

On the other hand, the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4 is
As shown in FIG. 2, glass fiber filaments 8 are wound around the outer surface 4a so as to be circumferentially spaced. The thickness of this glass fiber filament 8 is selected so as to ensure a predetermined thickness of the adhesive layer applied to the inner surface and the outer surface of the insert ring 4. That is, the adhesive layer thus formed ensures a predetermined thickness after the adhesive is cured.

In order to manufacture the load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic, first, the inner surface 5a of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5, the inner surface 4b and the outer surface 4a of the insert ring 4, and the truncated conical tube of the joint member 3 are manufactured. Outer surface 2a of part 2
Apply adhesive to form a layer as uniform as possible.

Next, the insert rings 4 in which the glass fiber filaments 8 are wound at intervals in the circumferential direction are attached to both ends of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5 until the flanges come into contact with the end faces of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5. Insert. Inner surface 5a of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5
The adhesive layer located on the joint surface between the outer surface 4a of the pressing ring 4 and the outer surface 4a of the pressing ring 4 has a predetermined thickness due to the thickness of the glass fiber filament 8 provided on the outer surface 4a of the insert ring 4.

When the fitting of the insert ring 4 to the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 is completed, the frustoconical cylindrical portion 2 of the joint member 3 from which the bolt is removed from the screw hole 7 is inserted into the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4. To wear. Since the outer surface of the frusto-conical cylindrical portion 2 of the joint member 3 and the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4 are tapered surfaces, the joint member 3 is press-fitted into the insert ring 4, and the joint member 3 is press-fitted. The diameter of the insert ring 4 is expanded by the frusto-conical cylindrical portion 2 of 3, and a sufficient adhesive pressure is maintained by pressing the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5 radially outward. The adhesive layer located on the joint surface between the outer surface 2a of the joint member 3 and the inner surface 4b of the insert ring 4 secures a predetermined thickness by the thickness of the glass fiber filament 8 provided on the inner surface 4a of the insert ring 4. Further, since the air bleed screw hole 7 is provided in the base portion 6 of the joint member 3, when the joint structure 1 is fitted to both ends of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5,
The inner space of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5 is not pressurized, and the yoke does not move back and shift from the predetermined position.

When the fitting of the joint structure 1 to the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 is completed, as shown in FIG. 3, a bolt is screwed into the screw hole 7 of one joint member 3 and the other joint member 3 is attached. Tank 1 containing foaming agent 9 through screw holes 7 of
A pipe 11 extending from 0 is extended to an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the internal space of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5, and the foaming agent 9 is injected into the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5. FIG. 4 shows a load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic in which the inside of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 is filled with the foaming agent 9 as described above. This fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft can suppress the resonance phenomenon of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 5.

FIG. 5 shows a modified example of the present invention. In this modified example, the joint structure fitted to the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 5 comprises a joint member 3a having a flange and an insert ring 4. Has been done.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a laminated structure of a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 20 of a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft according to the present invention. The fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 20 includes an inner layer 21, an intermediate layer 22, and an outer layer 23. It is formed from three layers.

The inner layer 21 of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 20 is made of carbon fiber, glass fiber or highly elastic organic fiber having a high rigidity and high strength, or a fiber having an excellent shock absorbing property by a tape winding method ( T
W) or the filament winding method (FW), a layer L laminated on the outer surface of the mandrel 24 at an angle (orientation angle) of ± 45 degrees between the axial direction of the pipe and the fiber direction.
1 and carbon fiber by tape winding method (TW) or filament winding method (FW)
Orientation angle ± 75 with respect to the axial direction on the outer surface of the mandrel 24
Formed by a layer L2 laminated at an angle of ± 90 degrees,
It forms a protective layer that is resistant to expansion and contraction, twisting, and external impact. Layer L of the inner layer 21 that constitutes the protective layer
The order of 1 and layer L2 may be reversed.

The intermediate layer 22 of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 20 is made of carbon fiber having high elastic modulus and high strength by the tape winding method (TW) or the filament winding method (FW) with an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees or more. The layer L3 laminated at ± 45 degrees and a sheet material in which fibers are aligned in one direction are formed by the sheet winding method (S
The layers (L4, L5) laminated by W) with an orientation angle of 0 degree are alternately laminated up to a required plate thickness a plurality of times to form a layer that secures desired strength and rigidity. In this embodiment, the intermediate layer 22 is a layer L laminated with an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees.
3, layers (L4, L5) laminated with an orientation angle of 0 degree, orientation angle ±
Layer L6 laminated at 15 °, layer laminated at orientation angle 0 ° (L
7, L8) and a layer L9 laminated with an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees.

The outer layer 23 of the fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 20 is made of a cloth woven from fibers having excellent shock absorption properties such as glass fibers or highly elastic organic fibers. Layer L10 laminated on
And a layer L11 in which such fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees, or a sheet material in which fibers are aligned in one direction are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees by a sheet winding method (SW). It constitutes a protective layer against the impact of.

In the outer layer 23, the layers L10 and L11 may be arranged in reverse, and for the inner layer 21 and the intermediate layer 22, the orientation angle of the fibers is 45 degrees, this layer is replaced with cloth. You may.

An example of the manufacturing procedure of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 20 when the fiber reinforced plastic load transmission shaft is applied to a propeller shaft of an automobile will be described with reference to Table 1 and FIGS. 6 to 10.

First, the mandrel 24 is prepared, the carbon fiber tape material 25 is placed on the mandrel 24, and the fiber direction of the carbon fiber tape material 25 is set to the pipe axis direction by the tape winding method (TW) shown in FIG. The layer L1 is formed by winding the layer L1 with an angle of ± 45 degrees.
1 and then the carbon fiber tape material 25 in the same manner by the tape winding method (TW).
The inner layer 2 in which the layer L2 is formed by winding so that the fiber direction of
1 is formed.

Then, a carbon fiber tape material 25 is wound on the inner layer 21 by a tape winding method (TW) at an angle of ± 15 degrees with respect to the pipe axis direction to form a layer L3, and then a carbon fiber is formed. Unidirectional sheet material 26
Is wound at an orientation angle of 0 degree by the sheet winding method (SW) shown in FIG. 8 to form layers L4 and L5, and this is alternately performed several times (L6, L7, L8, L9) to form the intermediate layer 22. To form.

Next, the aramid fiber cloth material 27 is wound on the intermediate layer 22 by the sheet winding method (SW) shown in FIG.
10 and the glass fiber tape 2 is formed on this layer L10.
The outer layer 23 is formed by forming the winding layer L11 of No. 8 by the tape winding method (TW) shown in FIG. 10 with an orientation angle of ± 45 degrees.

[0043]

[Table 1] In order to make the molded fiber-reinforced plastic pipe 20 have a smooth appearance, a glass fiber tape is further applied onto the outer layer 23 by a tape winding method to obtain an orientation angle of 75.
This is performed by forming a layer laminated in one direction at an angle of 85 to 85 degrees, and cutting the layer with a lathe or the like.

FIG. 11 shows a modified example of the present invention. In this modified example, the keyway 10 is formed in the insert yoke 101 and the insert ring 102 constituting the joint structure 100.
1a and 102a are provided, and the insert ring 1
02 is a split type formed by a plurality of members, a cut 104 corresponding to this key groove is formed in the fiber reinforced plastic hollow pipe 103, and the joint structure 100 and the fiber reinforced plastic pipe 103 are mechanically operated by a key 105. It is connected.

[0045]

As described above, according to the present invention, a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe is formed of three layers, an inner layer, an intermediate layer, and an outer layer, and the inner layer is strong against twisting, expansion and contraction, and external impact. The intermediate layer has a high-strength and high-rigidity structure as a hybrid laminate of tape and sheet, and the outer layer is laminated with fibers having a strong fiber orientation against impact and excellent impact absorption, so that cracks occur in each layer, It has a light and solid structure with no separation between layers.

Further, the joint structure corresponds to an insert ring in which fibers are arranged on the inner surface and the outer surface and is fitted on the inner surface of the end of the hollow pipe via an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness, and a tapered surface of this insert ring. A continuous straight pipe made of a fiber-reinforced plastic by being composed of a joint member which has a tapered portion and which is fitted to the insert ring via an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness so as to expand the diameter of the insert ring. By cutting it to the desired length, the manufacturing time of the fiber reinforced plastic pipe can be shortened, and the fiber reinforced plastic pipe can be joined by press fitting to reduce the number of parts and simplify the joining process. It is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing a joint structure of a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an insert ring having a joint structure.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a method for filling a load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic with a foaming agent according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic filled with a foaming agent.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a modified example of the load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe of a fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a winding method of a tape material by a tape winding method.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a winding method of a unidirectional sheet material by a sheet winding method.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a winding method of a fiber cloth material by a sheet winding method.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a winding method of a fiber tape by a tape winding method.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a modified example of the joint structure of the fiber-reinforced plastic load transmission shaft according to the present invention.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 Joint Structure 3 Joint Member 4 Insert Ring 5 Pipe 8 Fiber 9 Foaming Agent 20 Pipe 21 Inner Layer 22 Intermediate Layer 23 Outer Layer 24 Mandrel 25 Unidirectional Tape Material 26 Unidirectional Sheet 27 Fiber Cloth Material 28 Fiber Tape

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A pipe made of fiber reinforced plastic formed of three layers, an inner layer, an intermediate layer and an outer layer, and a joint member fixed to an end portion of the pipe, wherein the inner layer of the pipe has a fiber orientation angle of ± 4.
Alignment angle of the first layer and the fibers laminated at 5 degrees is ± 75 degrees or ±
It is formed with a second layer laminated at 90 degrees, and the middle layer of the pipe is a third layer in which strong fibers are laminated at an orientation angle of ± 15 degrees to ± 45 degrees and a sheet material of unidirectional fibers at an orientation angle of 0 degrees. The outer layer of the pipe is formed by laminating the fourth layer laminated several times, and the outer layer of the pipe is formed by laminating the fifth layer and the fiber with the orientation angle of 0 degree or the orientation angle of 90 degrees and the orientation angle of ± 45 degrees. A load transmission shaft made of fiber reinforced plastic, characterized in that it is formed with a laminated sixth layer. 2. A pipe made of fiber reinforced plastic, an insert ring having fibers on the inner surface and the outer surface, and an insert ring having a tapered surface fitted on the inner surface at the end of the pipe via an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness. A fiber having a taper portion corresponding to a tapered surface of the insert ring and a joint member fitted to the insert ring via an adhesive layer having a predetermined thickness so as to expand the diameter of the insert ring. Load transmission shaft made of reinforced plastic.