JPH05100206A - Display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To adjust brightness to a constant value by varying the brightness of dots of a two-dimensional display according to variation in the optical path length between a lens and dots when the display device is constituted for the purpose of a stereoscopic display. CONSTITUTION:In front of the dots 2a, 2b, and 2c of the two-dimensional display DP, microlenses 1a, 1b, and 1c are provided corresponding to the respective dots 2a, 2b, and 2c and an optical path length variation layer 40 which varies the optical path length S1 is provided between the dots 2a, 2b, and 2c, and microlenses 1a, 1b, and 1c. When the optical path length S1 between the microlenses 1a, 1b, and 1c and dots 2a, 2b, and 2c is varied by the optical path length variation layer 40, an enlargement rate is calculated from the value of the varied optical path length S1 and the dots 2a, 2b, and 2c are varied in brightness according to the enlargement rate.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device used for a computer, a television receiver and the like and a three-dimensional display device using the display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, three-dimensional images (including stereoscopic images) as seen in computer graphics displays.
There is an increasing need for a technology for displaying the, for example, the document “Image Lab, November 1990, pp. 20-24”.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-242242, a system that actually uses binocular parallax is widely used as a three-dimensional display device. The method using binocular parallax is roughly classified into an eyeglass method and an eyeglass-less method. The method without glasses is
For example, the document “Television Society Journal Vol. 44, No. 5,
Pp. 591-597, 1990 ", it is considered to be used as a television receiver because of its generality.

On the other hand, the spectacle system includes a method using a simple polarizing plate and a color filter for the spectacles, a method having a shutter function in the spectacles, and a method having a two-dimensional display in the spectacles.

In the spectacles method, a method of using a simple polarizing plate is generally used, and a method of projecting two images having different polarizations on a large screen such as IMAX Co., Ltd., or a two-dimensional method such as Sony Tektronix Co., Ltd. There is a method in which a shutter of a polarization filter is provided on the front surface of the display and time-division driving is performed while changing the polarization direction.

Further, in the spectacles system, a spectacle having a two-dimensional display is disclosed in, for example, the document “Image Lab”.
As shown in January 1991, page 29 to page 33 "and the document" Image Lab, January 1991, page 20 to page 23 ", it is also called a head-mounted display (HMD), and has recently been used. It is attracting attention due to research on artificial reality.

[0006]

However, most of the above-mentioned various types of display devices are three-dimensional displays using only binocular parallax,
Since information is displayed stereoscopically using the so-called illusion with only binocular disparity, the eye adjustment mechanism (mechanisms such as focus adjustment) and the vergence mechanism (movement mechanism that gazes at an object) often do not match, Generally, there is a drawback that eye fatigue accumulates when the display is continuously viewed for 20 minutes or more. FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining this state. For example, two images P1 and P2 are displayed on the screen 210 at a predetermined distance Z, and these two images P1 and P2 are displayed by the human eye. 201,
When binocular vision is performed at 202, the adjustment mechanism of the eyes 201, 202 focuses on the actual distance L1 from the eyes 201, 202 to the screen 210, but the convergence mechanism of the eyes 201, 202 is Towards the image P2, the other eye 20
Since the eyes 201 and 202 are controlled so that 2 is directed to the image P1, the gazing point is the intersection position CLS of these, and in the example of FIG. 16, it is in front of the actual screen. Therefore,
Focusing distance L1 and gazing point CLS distance L2
Therefore, it is considered that eye fatigue is caused by this, and if the screen is continuously viewed for a long time, the larger the difference between L1 and L2, the greater the accumulation of eye fatigue.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a display device capable of easily displaying a stereoscopic image rich in realism with less eyestrain and a three-dimensional display device using the display device.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the display device according to claim 1 has a minute lens in front of each dot formed of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display. And a means for changing the optical path length between the minute lens and the dot, or a means for changing the focal length of the minute lens, and the dot according to the change in the optical path length or the focal distance. And a means for changing the brightness of are further provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, at least one lens that acts on the entire surface of the display is provided in front of the dots forming the two-dimensional display, and the lens and the dots are combined. A means for changing the optical path length or a means for changing the focal length of the lens, and a means for changing the brightness of the dots of the two-dimensional display according to the change in the optical path length or the focal length are provided. There is.

Further, in the display device according to the third aspect, a minute lens is provided in front of the dot for each dot composed of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display, and the minute lens and A means for changing the optical path length with the dot, or a means for changing the focal length of the minute lens, and between the dot and the means for changing the optical path length, or between the dot and the minute Between the lens and a layer, a layer having a higher diffusion rate of the display light of the dot than that of the other portion in the vicinity, a layer having a low transmittance, or a layer for changing the polarization is provided, and between the layer and the dot. , A second minute lens is further provided for each dot.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is further provided a means for changing the optical path length between the second minute lens and the dot or between the second minute lens and the layer. Or a means for changing the focal length of the second minute lens is provided.

[0012]

According to the display device of the present invention, a minute lens is provided in front of each dot for at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display, and an optical path between the minute lens and the dot is provided. When the length is changed or the focal length of the minute lens is changed, the brightness of the dot can be changed according to the change of the optical path length or the focal length, and the brightness can be adjusted to be constant.

In the display device according to claim 2, 2
At least one lens acting on the entire surface of the display is provided in front of the dots forming the three-dimensional display, and the optical path length between the lens and the dot is changed,
Alternatively, when the focal length of the lens is changed, the brightness of the dots of the two-dimensional display can be changed according to the change of the optical path length or the focal length, and the brightness can be adjusted to be constant.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the display device, between the dot and the means for changing the optical path length, or between the means for changing the optical path length and the minute lens, the dot is formed more than other portions in the vicinity. A layer having high diffusivity of display light, a layer having low transmissivity, or a layer for changing polarization is provided, and a second minute lens is further provided for each dot between the layer and the dot. Therefore, even when the brightness is adjusted to be constant, it is possible to effectively prevent the brightness from decreasing.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the display apparatus according to the third aspect, the optical path length is further provided between the second minute lens and the dot or between the second minute lens and the layer. Is provided or the means for changing the focal length of the second minute lens is provided, so that blurring of the contour of the image can be prevented when the brightness is maintained at high brightness. it can.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are a front view and a sectional view of a first embodiment of a display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIGS. 1 and 2, the two-dimensional display DP includes
Dots 2a, 2b, 2c each consisting of one pixel are formed, and a two-dimensional display DP is provided with a front glass 3. Further, in this display device, a minute lens 1 is provided in front of each dot 2a, 2b, 2c of the two-dimensional display DP so as to correspond to each dot 2a, 2b, 2c.
a, 1b, 1c are provided. When the two-dimensional display DP is a liquid crystal display, each dot 2a,
The light emission of 2b and 2c is controlled by the electrodes 50a, 50b and 50c, respectively. Also,
On the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP, a layer 40 for changing the optical path length between the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c and the dots 2a, 2b, 2c is provided. This layer 40 includes, for example, a nematic liquid crystal 41 and a transparent electrode 4
2 and 43. By applying a voltage to the transparent electrodes 42 and 43, the refractive index of the nematic liquid crystal 41 is changed, and the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c and the dots 2 are formed.
The optical path length between a, 2b, and 2c is changed.

By the way, in such a structure, focusing on the dot 2b, for example, the dot 2b and the minute lens 1
When the optical path length S1 with respect to b is equal to or less than the focal length f of the lens, the dot 2b can be seen from the eyes 5 of the observer as a magnified erect virtual image, as indicated by reference numeral 4,
Further, the distance S2 of the virtual image 4 to the lens 1b can be changed by changing the voltage applied to the transparent electrodes 42 and 43 to change the optical path length S1. At this time, when the distance S2 of the virtual image 4 to the lens 1b is a predetermined value, the erecting virtual image 4 of the entire dot 1b can be seen from the eyes of the observer, but if the optical path length S1 is changed from this state. When the apparent magnification (angular magnification) of the erecting virtual image 4 changes and the magnification is increased, only the erecting virtual image 4 of a part of the dot 2b can be seen from the eyes 5 of the observer. .. That is, only the portion of the dot 2b having a smaller area than the area of the lens 1b can be seen. In other words, the area of the dot 2b seen by the observer changes.

Now, for example, the focal length f of the lens 1b (which is a thin film lens) is 10 mm, and the thickness of the layer 40 is 3 mm.
The diameter d of the lens 1b is 1 mm, and the distance e between the eye 5 of the observer and the lens 1b is 100 mm. In the configuration of FIG. 1, the distance S2 between the lens 1b and the erecting virtual image 4 is equal to
b the focal length f of b and the distance S between the dot 2b and the lens 1b
By 1

[0019]

1 / S2 = -1 / f + 1 / S1

Since the distance S2 between the actual lens 1b and the dot 2b is about 8 mm and the refractive index of the liquid crystal 41 is about 1.5, the transparent electrodes 42 and 43 are adjusted so that S1 is 9.5238 mm. When the applied voltage of is determined, S2 becomes 200 mm and the angular magnification Γ becomes 7.7 times. Also, S
When the voltage is changed so that 1 becomes 9.8765 mm,
The S2 is 800 mm, and the angular magnification Γ is 9.9 times.

At this time, if the minute lens 1b has a square outline of 1 mm square, the minute lens 1b
The size of the visible dot 2b is S2 = 200mm
In the case of, 1 / 7.7 = 130 μm square, and S2 =
At 800 mm, it is 1 / 9.9 = 101 μm square.

When the total area of one dot 2b is a square of 130 μm square, when S2 is 200 mm, the observer can see all the part of dot 2b.
The voltage applied to the transparent electrodes 42 and 43 is changed to set S2 to 8
When it is changed to 00 mm, the observer can see only a part of 101 μm square of the dot 2 b of 130 μm square, and the observer can see the remaining part of the dot 2 b, that is, 130 × 130-101. × 101 =
The 6699 square μm portion is an unnecessary portion. At this time, when the light is emitted from the entire area of the dot 2b, the light from the unnecessary portion becomes extra light for the observer, which may increase flare light and deteriorate the image quality. In addition, about 40% of the extra current is consumed.

The inventor of the present application does not always emit light from the entire area of the dot 2b, but determines the portion of the dot 2b that emits light, that is, the substantial size of the dot 2b, according to the angular magnification Γ. It has been found that the above problems can be solved by changing them.

That is, when the two-dimensional display DP is, for example, a liquid crystal display, FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b),
As shown in (c), FIG. 4 (a), (b), and FIG. 5, the electrode 50b of the dot 2b may be divided into a plurality of parts, and each divided electrode may be individually controlled.

For example, in FIG. 3A, the electrode 50b is
The first electrode portion 51b having a size of 101 μm and the second electrode portion 52b around the first electrode portion 51b are divided into two, and S2 is 200
When the angular magnification Γ is 7.7 times in mm, the size of the portion of the dot 2b seen in the minute lens 1b is the entire surface of the dot 2b, that is, 130 μm square, so that not only the first electrode portion 51b but also the first electrode portion 51b can be obtained. The second electrode portion 52b is also controlled to be used, and the dot 2b is biased so that light is emitted from the entire dot 2b. When the optical path length is changed from this state and S2 is set to 800 mm and the angular magnification Γ is set to 9.9 times, the size of the portion of the dot 2b seen in the minute lens 1b is a part of this dot, that is, 101 μm.
Therefore, the dots 2b are urged so that the light is emitted only from the necessary portions of the dots 2b by controlling so that only the first electrode portions 51b are used.

In this way, the dot electrode is divided into a plurality of parts, and the divided electrodes are controlled in accordance with the change in the optical path length to substantially change the size of the dot 2b. It is possible to prevent generation of extra flare light from an unnecessary portion of the above, suppress deterioration of image quality, and further reduce power consumption. Other dots 2a, 2c
With respect to the electrodes 50a and 50c, the dots 2a and 2c can be formed by using the same structure as the electrode 50b.
The size of can also be varied substantially.

Further, when the electrode 2b is divided into two, as shown in FIG.
Instead of (a), it is also possible to divide the arrangement into two as shown in FIGS. 3 (b) and 3 (c). Furthermore, FIG. 4 (a), (b)
The electrode 50b more finely (for example, 53b, 54b,
It is a diagram showing a case where the electrode is divided into three electrode portions of 55b). Although the electrode structure becomes more complicated as the number of divided electrodes is increased, the substantial size of the dot can be controlled more finely. In addition, in FIG.
It is a figure which shows the case where it divides into stripes like b and 58b, and even if it increases the division number of an electrode by dividing into stripes, it can be made into a simple structure.

FIG. 6 has the same component structure as the display device of FIGS. 1 and 2, but the optical path length between the dots 2a, 2b, 2c and the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c is the lens 1.
7 is a cross-sectional view of a display device having a focal length greater than a, 1b, and 1c, and in the display device of FIG. 6, the observer's eyes 5 see the dots 2b as an inverted real image as indicated by reference numeral 6. be able to. Also in the case of such a display device, when the optical path length is smaller than twice the focal length f, the real image of the dot 2b is enlarged, and the observer can see only a part of the dot 2b. Similar to the example described above, by changing the substantial size of the dot 2b according to the change of the optical path length,
It is possible to prevent excessive flare light and suppress deterioration of image quality.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In FIG. 7, the same parts as those in FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals. In the display device of FIG. 7, in front of the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP, a minute lens 11a as a variable focus lens,
11b and 11c are provided. Minute lens 11
a, 11b, and 11c are the dots 2a and 2c in the example of FIG.
circular holes 12a, 12b, 1 at positions corresponding to b, 2c
2c, an electrode 13 having a hole formed therein, a parallel electrode 14, and an electrode 1
It is composed of a liquid crystal material 15 enclosed between 3 and 14, and a non-uniform electric field is generated in the liquid crystal material 15 by the voltage between the electrodes 13 and 14 to function as a liquid crystal lens, thereby changing the voltage. By changing the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, a variable focus lens effect can be obtained.

In the display device having such a structure,
For example, by setting the focal length of the lens 11b to be equal to or longer than the optical path length between the lens 11b and the dot 2b, the erecting virtual image 4 of the dot 2b that is magnified and visible on the lens 11b can be obtained as in the case of the first embodiment. Can be made backwards. In addition, the position of the virtual image 4 can be changed by changing the focal length, and the enlargement ratio (angular magnification) also changes accordingly.

This causes the same problem as described in the first embodiment. Therefore, in the second embodiment as well,
Similar to the first embodiment, for example, the electrode 50b of the dot 2b
By changing the substantial size of the dot 2b by performing division control as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, it is possible to reduce the influence of the portion of the extra dot which cannot be seen by the eyes. ..

However, even if the electrode 50b is finely divided and controlled, when the enlargement ratio changes from 7.7 times to 9.9 times, the brightness of the dot passing through the 1 mm ² microlens is the same as the original one. Luminance on a two-dimensional display 1
It changes from /(7.7×7.7) to 1 / (9.9 × 9.9). Therefore, when the virtual image position is changed and displayed with uniform brightness, the brightness decreases as the distance from the eye increases, making it impossible to faithfully represent the actual image information.

To solve such a problem, the inventor of the present application
By increasing the brightness of the dots of the two-dimensional display in proportion to almost the square of the magnification (angular magnification) of the minute lens, regardless of the change in the position of the virtual image by the minute lens, It has been found that an image with uniform dot brightness can be obtained.

Also, when the luminance cannot be continuously changed in proportion to the square of the enlargement ratio, the luminance is changed stepwise by a value close to the squared value to change the luminance in the position of the virtual image. It was found that the value can be almost constant regardless of the value.

More specifically, the enlargement ratio is obtained from the focal length f of the lens, the optical path length S1 between the lens and the dot, and the distance e between the lens and the eye. Therefore, if e is constant, the value of the focal length f is changed when the focal length f of the minute lens is changed, and the optical path length S between the minute lens and the dot is changed.
In the case of changing 1, the magnification may be calculated based on the value of the optical path length S1 and the brightness may be changed based on this. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing a configuration example of a brightness control unit for changing the brightness.

The brightness control section 130 of FIG. 8 is applied when the focal length f of a minute lens is changed, and is detected by the distance detection section 131 for detecting the distance e between the lens and the eyes, and the distance detection section 131. Distance setting unit 13 for setting the distance e
2 and the focal length f of the minute lens are sequentially captured, and are updated at a predetermined time interval, for example, a focal length storage unit 133.
And a magnification ratio calculation unit 134 that calculates a magnification ratio based on the distance e set in the distance setting unit 132 and the current focal length stored in the focal length storage unit 133, and a magnification ratio calculation unit 134. And a brightness adjusting unit 135 that changes the brightness based on the enlargement ratio calculated in step 1. By providing the brightness control unit 130 having such a configuration, it becomes possible to automatically adjust the brightness to a substantially constant value regardless of the position of the virtual image.

On the other hand, the brightness control section 140 of FIG. 9 is applied when changing the optical path length between a minute lens and a dot, and detects the distance e between the lens and the eye.
1, the distance setting unit 132 that sets the distance e detected by the distance detection unit 131, and the optical path length between the minute lens and the dot is sequentially taken in and updated, for example, at a predetermined time interval. A long storage unit 143, an enlargement ratio calculation unit 144 for calculating an enlargement ratio based on the distance e set in the optical path length distance setting unit 131 and the current optical path length stored in the optical path length storage unit 143. And a brightness adjusting unit 135 that changes the brightness based on the expansion ratio calculated by the expansion ratio calculating unit 144. By providing the brightness control unit 140 having such a configuration, it is possible to automatically adjust the brightness to a substantially constant value regardless of the position of the virtual image.

In the configuration examples of FIGS. 8 and 9, for example,
Although the information on the distance e is also taken into consideration, the brightness can be adjusted even without this information.
However, an image with more uniform brightness can be obtained by further adding the information on the distance e.

In multi-gradation display, the virtual image position is changed at the same time by changing the brightness in multiple steps based on the brightness of the original two-dimensional display which gives the uniform brightness of the dots. Multi-gradation display of brightness is also possible. By displaying with the brightness calculated by combining these, sufficient gradation display is possible even when a two-dimensional display with about 64 gradations is displayed.

As described above, in the display device of FIGS. 1 and 2, the erecting virtual image is provided by further providing the brightness control unit as shown in FIG. 9 which changes the brightness of the dots according to the change of the optical path length. Even when the position of changes, the brightness of the dots can be made almost constant and uniform through the minute lens, regardless of this change.

Further, in the display device of FIG. 6, when the position of the inverted real image is changed by further providing the brightness control unit as shown in FIG. 9 which changes the brightness of the dot according to the change of the optical path length. Moreover, the brightness of the dots can be made substantially constant and uniform through the minute lens, regardless of this change.

Further, in the display device of FIG. 7, by further providing a brightness control unit as shown in FIG. 8 which changes the brightness of the dots according to the change of the focal length,
Even when the focal length changes, the brightness of the dots can be made substantially constant and uniform through the minute lens, regardless of this change.

In the above first and second embodiments,
Although a minute lens is provided for each dot of one pixel of the two-dimensional display, these minute lenses do not necessarily have to correspond to each dot of one pixel. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, R (red), G
The RGB 3 pixels of (green) and B (blue) may be newly defined as the dot 2e, and the minute lens 1e may be provided for each dot 2e composed of the RGB 3 pixels. At this time,
Hue information can be accurately displayed only when there are three RGB pixels. Therefore, in the case of color display, there is no significant change in performance as compared with the case where a minute lens is provided for each of the RGB pixels. It is easy to make minute lenses as much as the diameter can be increased.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 11, four sets of dots 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i each consisting of three RGB pixels are newly set as one dot, and the microlens 1f is set for each dot.
May be provided. In this case, although the display accuracy of the information of the thin line or the contour is somewhat lowered, the diameter of the lens can be further increased, and thus it becomes easy to form a minute lens. Further, instead of using four groups as one dot, 3 × 3 = 9 groups can be used as one dot.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 12, a lens 17 that acts on the entire screen is provided in front of the two-dimensional display DP, and a layer 23 for changing the optical path length is provided on the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP. It is provided. The layer 23 has the same structure as the layer 40 shown in FIG. 2, for example.

In the display device having such a structure,
When the optical path length between the lens 17 and the dots 18a to 18i is set to be equal to or less than the focal length of the lens 17, the observer's eye 5 can see an erecting virtual image as shown by reference numerals 20a to 20i. At this time, similarly to the display device of FIGS. 1 and 2, the layer 23 can change the optical path length over the entire screen to change the positions of the virtual images 20a to 20i of the dots 18a to 18i on the entire screen. Further, when the layer 23 is configured to change the optical path length for each dot, the optical path length may be changed for each dot to change the positions of the virtual images 20a to 20i for each dot.

However, in the structure of FIG. 12, when the optical path length is changed over the entire screen, the virtual image 2 of the entire screen is changed.
The virtual image 2 of the entire screen according to the change in the position of 0a to 20i
The apparent magnification of 0a to 20i also changes. Therefore, when the positions of the virtual images 20a to 20i are changed and displayed, the screen brightness is changed and displayed according to the distance.

Therefore, also in this case, similarly to the above-described first embodiment, a brightness control section as shown in FIG. 9 is further provided, and a value proportional to the square of the enlargement magnification or a value close to it, By changing the brightness of the original two-dimensional display, even if the position of the virtual image of the dots changes, the display can be performed in which the brightness does not change. Also, multi-gradation display is possible based on the value where the brightness becomes uniform.

As described above, in the display device of each of the above-described embodiments, the brightness of the dots is changed according to the change of the optical path length or the focal length.
Although it is possible to make the brightness of the dots seen through the microlens uniform, there is a problem that the brightness of the dots seen through the microlens is reduced as a whole.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. The display device of FIG. 13 is a further improvement of the display device shown in FIG. 2, in which the layer 240 for changing the optical path length is provided on the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP.
It is arranged not in the upper part but in front of the two-dimensional display DP and between the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c and the two-dimensional display DP. Further, the layer 240 for changing the optical path length
On the side of the two-dimensional display DP, a diffusion layer 250 having a higher light diffusion rate than other portions in the vicinity is provided. Between the diffusion layer 250 and the two-dimensional display DP, the dots 2a, 2b, 2nd micro lens 261 corresponding to 2c
a, 261b, 261c are provided.

Second minute lenses 261a, 261b, 2
The focal length of 61c is f ′, and the second minute lens 261
a, 261b, 261c and the dots 2a, 2b, 2c, the optical path length is S1 ', the second minute lenses 261a, 26
1b, 261c and the diffusion layer 250 the optical path length S2 '
Then, when the optical path length S1 ′ is smaller than the focal length f ′, the second minute lenses 261a, 261b, 26
1c collects the light of the dots 2a, 2b, 2c having a predetermined size on the diffusion layer 250 in an area smaller than this area, and the dots 270a, 270b corresponding to the dots 2a, 2b, 2c on the diffusion layer 250. , 270c.

In the display device having such a structure, the diffusion layer 250 and the minute lenses 261a, 261b, 2 are formed.
When the 61c is not provided, when the two-dimensional display DP is observed by the eyes of the observer, the face on which the eyes are focused is in the vicinity of the dots 2a, 2b, 2c.
If 50 is provided, the in-focus plane of the eye is adjusted to this diffusion layer 250. So in this case,
The observer sees the dots 270a focused on the diffusion layer 250,
The microlenses 1a, 1b, and 1c can magnify and see 270b and 270c. In other words, in the display device shown in FIG. 2, the dots 2a, 2b, 2c are formed by the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c as described above.
When the virtual image of itself is shown directly to the observer, the dots 2a, 2
b and 2c themselves are enlarged so that only a part of the actual dot can be seen and the brightness of the dot is generally reduced, but in the display device of FIG.
High-luminance dots 270a, 270b, which have a sufficient amount of light by condensing a, 2b, 2c into a smaller area.
270c is generated in the diffusion layer 250, and the high-intensity dots 270a, 270b, 270c having a small area are enlarged by the microlenses 1a, 1b, 1c, so that it is possible to effectively reduce the brightness of the dots. Can be prevented. At this time, the image position of the dot can be changed by the layer 240 that changes the optical path length.

In this case, since the optical path length S1 'is set smaller than the focal length f', real images of the dots 2a, 2b, 2c are not formed on the diffusion layer 250, and Therefore, the dots 270a, 270b, 270
c is slightly blurred. Further, even when the optical path length S1 ′ is larger than the focal length f ′, (1 / S2 = 1 / S1-1 /
If the relationship of f) is not established, no real image is formed on the diffusion layer 250. However, when the optical path length S1 ′ is larger than the focal length f ′, there is an advantage that the efficiency of condensing is better and the blurring condition is reduced as compared with the case where the optical path length S1 ′ is smaller than the focal length f ′. is there. Furthermore, (1 / S
2 = 1 / S1-1 / f), and when the positional relationship is close to this relationship, the dots 2a, 2
The real image of b, 2c or an image close to it is a dot 270a,
270b and 270c, a high-brightness light amount can be obtained, and at the same time, a dot having a clear contour with little blurring is formed. As a result, the quality of the display device can be improved, and even if the diffusion layer 250 has a property close to a perfect diffusion surface, a real image is formed on the diffusion layer 250, so that the observer can clearly observe the image. You can

Further, the minute lenses 261a, 261b, 2
When the imaging relationship (1 / S2 = 1 / S1-1 / f) is established at 61c, the dots 2a,
The real images of 2b and 2c are formed on the surface of the diffusion layer 250 as an aerial image, and the virtual images of the microlenses 1a, 1b, and 1c are displayed, resulting in the dots 2a and 2c.
The virtual images of b and 2c can be shown to the observer. At this time, the microlenses 261a, 261b, 261c and the microlenses 1a, 1b, 1c each act as two groups of two lenses, and the microlenses 261a, 261b, 2c.
As long as the image forming relationship of 61c is satisfied, the same effect as when the diffuser plate is provided is recognized.

FIG. 14 shows a fifth display device of the present invention.
14 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 13 and has a configuration in which the display device of FIG. 13 is further improved. That is, in the display device of FIG. 14, the layer 300 for changing the optical path having the same structure as the layer 240 for changing the optical path is provided on the front glass of the two-dimensional display DP in the display device of FIG. , This layer 300
The optical path length between the dots 2a, 2b, 2c and the diffusion layer 250 can be changed by.

In the display device having such a structure,
Now, for example, in a state where the dots 270a, 270b, 270c are formed as real images of the dots 2a, 2b, 2c on the diffusion layer 250, the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c and the diffusion layer 250 are formed by the layer 240 for changing the optical path length. If the optical path length between the dots 270a and 270
The magnifying power of the real image of b, 270c changes, and the brightness of the dots 270a, 270b, 270c also changes accordingly.
In such a case, the dots 270a and 270 as the real images
The layer 300 that changes the optical path length is used to maintain the brightness of the b and 270c in a high brightness constant state. That is, the microlenses 1a, 1
As the optical path length between b, 1c and the diffusion layer 250 is changed, the dot 2 is changed by the optical path length changing layer 300.
By changing the optical path length between a, 2b, 2c and the diffusion layer 250 by a predetermined amount, the dots 270a,
It is possible to change the imaging magnification of the 270b and 270c, and as a result, it is possible to maintain the light amount of the dots 270a, 270b and 270c at high brightness and to reduce the extra light unnecessary for display. ..

However, when the optical path length between the dots 2a, 2b, 2c and the diffusion layer 250 is changed by the layer 300 for changing the optical path length, the dots 2a, 2b, 2c imaged on the diffusion layer 250 are changed. Since the position of the real image shifts and the blurring of the contour starts to occur, the dot 2 is compared with the light quantity of the dots 270a, 270b, 270c and the blurring of the contour.
It is preferable to change the optical path length between a, 2b, 2c and the diffusion layer 250. In addition, when it is desired to prevent the position variation of the real image due to the change of the optical path length by the layer 300 between the dots 2a, 2b, 2c and the diffusion layer 250, in addition to the layer 300, the minute lenses 261a, 261b. , 261c and the diffusion layer 250, a layer (not shown) for changing the optical path length may be further provided. At this time, by controlling these two layers, the dots 270a,
The size of 270b and 270c can be changed by changing the layer 300.

In the above example, the dots 2 are formed on the diffusion layer 250.
The case where the real images of a, 2b, and 2c are formed has been described. However, even when the real image is not formed on the diffusion layer 250, particularly in the case of the relationship of S1 <f, the layer 300 is used. Since the focusing power can be changed, the dot 2
Providing the layer 300 is effective because it can be used for changing the luminance of the light emitting elements 70a, 270b, and 270c.

In the display device of FIGS. 13 and 14, the diffusion layer 25 is used as a means for adjusting the focus of the eyes.
Although 0 is provided, instead of this, a layer having a low transmittance, for example, a color filter or the like may be provided, or a layer that changes the polarization may be provided, similar to the case where the diffusion layer 250 is provided. The effect can be obtained. These layers are the layer 240 for changing the optical path length and the microlenses 1a, 1a.
It may be provided between b and 1c.

Further, a layer 240 for changing the optical path length is provided between the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c and the diffusion layer 250 to change the optical path length between the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c and the diffusion layer 250. Instead of, for example, the minute lens 1a,
1b and 1c may be configured by a liquid crystal lens or the like having a variable focal length, and the focal lengths of the minute lenses 1a, 1b and 1c may be changed. In addition, in the configuration of FIG. 14, instead of the layer 300 that changes the optical path length, the second minute lens 26 is used.
1a, 261b, and 261c may be configured by lenses having variable focal lengths.

Further, in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, FIG.
The display device of FIGS. 6, 7, 12, 13, and 14 does not change the optical path length or the focal length for each dot, but has a wider area than the dot, for example, one column in FIG. Alternatively, when it is configured to change the optical path length or the focal length over the entire area of one line of dots, it is suitable for the purpose of giving a gentle three-dimensional effect in a wide area. Specifically, in the case where only three types of changes of the distant view, the middle view, and the near view need to be given, by using these configurations, the optical path length, Alternatively, the focal length is set to the same for the distant view, and the optical path length,
Alternatively, the focal lengths can be set the same for near views.

On the other hand, when these display devices have a structure in which the optical path length or the focal length can be changed for each dot (however, FIG. 12 is not possible), the optical path length, Alternatively, it is suitable for applications in which the focal length is changed, and in this case, a stereoscopic effect can be obtained for each dot.

However, in any of the above cases, the focal length of the minute lens corresponding to each dot or the lens acting on the entire surface of the two-dimensional display DP, or
Since the refractive index of the layer between these lenses and the dots can be easily set to a predetermined value, by determining the focal length or the refractive index according to the image information to be displayed,
Even when the two-dimensional display DP is used, three-dimensional display is possible, and by applying any of the above display devices to the three-dimensional display device, an image can be displayed at the distance of the gazing point even in the case of stereoscopic vision due to binocular parallax. By forming an image, eye fatigue can be reduced.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are views for explaining this situation. For example, on the two-dimensional screen 210, 2
The two images P1 and P2 are displayed at a predetermined distance Z, and when these two images P1 and P2 are observed, FIG.
FIG. 15A shows a state in which one eye 201 sees the image P2, and FIG. 15B shows a case in which the other eye 202 sees the image P1. The congestion mechanism of the eyes 201 and 202 is shown in FIG.
Since the eyes 201 and 202 are controlled so that the other eye 202 faces toward the image P1, the gazing point is the intersection position CLS between them, and in the example of FIGS. , Which is in front of the actual screen 210. In such a case, the display device according to the present invention is mounted for the left eye and the right eye, respectively, and the display device is controlled according to the image information of the screen 210 to display the screen 2
Since the positions of the ten images P1 and P2 (in this case, the real image positions) can be moved to the position of the gazing point CLS,
As a result, the adjustment mechanism of the eyes 201 and 202 is
The eyes 201, 202 are controlled so as to focus on the distance L2 from the point 1, 202 to the gazing point CLS. As a result, eye congestion and accommodation can be matched, and eye fatigue can be reduced.

Contrary to the above example, the gazing point CLS is the actual distance L1 from the eyes 201, 202 to the screen 210.
When an image at a distance farther than that is displayed on the screen 210, the display device is configured to display a virtual image of the image on the screen 210, and the display device is controlled to display the virtual image at the gazing point. By doing so, it is possible to make eye congestion and adjustment coincide with each other in the same manner, and reduce fatigue.

[0066]

As described above, according to the display device of the first aspect, a minute lens is provided in front of each dot formed of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display. , When changing the optical path length between the minute lens and the dot or changing the focal length of the minute lens, the dot brightness is changed according to the change of the optical path length or the focal length. Even if the optical path length or the focal length changes, the brightness can be adjusted to a constant value, and further,
When a three-dimensional display is configured using this display device, a stereoscopic image with less eyestrain and rich presence can be easily displayed by appropriately changing the optical path length or the focal length to appropriately change the image position. be able to.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, at least one lens that acts on the entire surface of the display is provided in front of the dots that form the two-dimensional display, and the optical path length between the lens and the dots is set. Or when changing the focal length of the lens,
Since the brightness of the dots of the two-dimensional display is changed according to the change of the optical path length or the focal length, the brightness can be adjusted to a constant value even when the optical path length or the focal length changes, and further, When a three-dimensional display is constructed by using this display device, by appropriately changing the optical path length or the focal length to appropriately change the image position, it is possible to easily obtain a stereoscopic image with less eyestrain and rich presence. Can be displayed.

According to the display device of the third aspect, between the dot and the means for changing the optical path length, or between the means for changing the optical path length and the minute lens,
A layer having a higher diffusion rate of the display light of the dots than that of other portions in the vicinity, a layer having a low transmittance, or a layer for changing the polarization is provided, and between the layer and the dots, Further, since the second minute lens is provided, it is possible to effectively prevent the decrease in brightness even when the brightness is adjusted to be constant.

Further, in the display device according to claim 4, in the display device according to claim 3, further, between the second minute lens and the dot, or between the second minute lens and the layer, Since the means for changing the optical path length or the means for changing the focal length of the second minute lens is provided, the blurring of the contour of the image is prevented when the brightness is kept high. be able to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a display device according to the present invention.

3 (a), (b), and (c) are diagrams showing an example of a divided electrode electrode configuration.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing an example of a divided electrode electrode configuration.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a divided configuration of dot electrodes.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modified example of the display device of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a brightness control unit.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a brightness control unit.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration in which minute lenses are arranged corresponding to a plurality of pixels.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration in which minute lenses are arranged corresponding to a plurality of pixels.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a display device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b) are views for explaining the principle of matching eye congestion and accommodation according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a general relationship between eye congestion and accommodation.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a, 1b, 1c Microlens 2a, 2b, 2c Dot 3 Front glass 4 Erect virtual image 5 Observer 11a, 11b, 11c Microlens 12a, 12b, 12c Circular hole 13, 14 Electrode 15 Liquid crystal material 17, 19 Lens 18a to 18i Dot 20a to 20i Erect virtual image 23 Layer 130,140 Brightness control unit 131 Distance detection unit 132 Distance setting unit 133 Focal length storage unit 134,144 Enlargement calculation unit 135 Brightness control unit 143 Optical path length storage unit 250 Diffusion layer 261a, 261b, 261c Second minute lens 270a, 270b, 270c Dot 300 Layer for changing optical path length

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A minute lens is provided in front of the dot for each dot composed of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display, and the optical path length between the minute lens and the dot is changed. The display device is further provided with a unit or a unit for changing the focal length of the minute lens, and a unit for changing the brightness of the dot according to the change of the optical path length or the focal length. 2. At least one lens acting on the entire surface of the display is provided in front of the dots forming the two-dimensional display, and further, means for changing the optical path length between the lens and the dot, or a lens. And a means for changing the brightness of the dots of the two-dimensional display according to the change in the optical path length or the focal length. 3. A minute lens is provided in front of the dot for each dot formed of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display, and the optical path length between the minute lens and the dot is changed. Means, or means for changing the focal length of the minute lens, between the dot and the means for changing the optical path length, or between the means for changing the optical path length and the minute lens , A layer having a higher diffusion rate of the display light of the dots than that of other portions in the vicinity, a layer having a low transmittance, or a layer for changing the polarization is provided, and each layer is provided between the layer and the dot. A display device, further comprising a second minute lens. 4. The display device according to claim 3, further comprising means for changing the optical path length between the second minute lens and the dot, or between the second minute lens and the layer. Or a means for changing the focal length of the second minute lens is provided.