JP3136178B2 - Display device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a computer, about the display equipment to be used in a television receiver.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a three-dimensional image (including a three-dimensional image) has been used as seen in the display of computer graphics.
There is a growing need for a technology for displaying an image, for example, a document “Image Lab November 1990, pp. 20-24”
As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,867, a system using binocular parallax is widely used as a three-dimensional display device. In addition, the method using binocular parallax is roughly classified into a glasses method and a method without glasses. The method without glasses is
For example, in the literature "Television Society Journal Vol. 44, No. 5,
Pp. 591 to 597, 1990 ", the use as a television receiver is considered from its generality.

On the other hand, the glasses system includes a method of using a simple polarizing plate and a color filter for the glasses, a method of providing a shutter function to the glasses, and a method of providing a two-dimensional display to the glasses.

[0004] In the glasses method, a method having a simple polarizing plate is generally used, such as a method of projecting two images having different polarizations onto a large screen screen such as IMAX, or a two-dimensional image such as Sony Tektronix. There is a method in which a shutter for a polarizing filter is provided on the front surface of the display, and time-division driving is performed with the polarization direction changed.

[0005] In the glasses method, a two-dimensional display having glasses in glasses is described in, for example, a document "Image Lab".
As shown in Jan. 1991, pp. 29-33, and the document "Image Lab Jan. 1991, pp. 20-23", it is also called a head mounted display (HMD), Attention has been paid to the research of artificial reality.

[0006]

However, most of the various types of display devices described above are three-dimensional displays using only binocular parallax.
Since the stereoscopic display is performed using so-called illusion using only information of binocular parallax, an eye adjustment mechanism (a mechanism such as focus adjustment) and a convergence mechanism (a movement mechanism for gazing at an object) often do not match. In general, there has been a drawback that if the user keeps watching the display for more than 20 minutes, eye fatigue accumulates. FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining this state. For example, two images P1 and P2 are displayed on the screen 210 at a predetermined interval Z, and the two images P1 and P2 are displayed by human eyes. 201,
When the eyes 201 and 202 perform binocular vision, the adjustment mechanism of the eyes 201 and 202 focuses on the actual distance L1 from the eyes 201 and 202 to the screen 210, but the convergence mechanism of the eyes 201 and 202 Facing the image P2, the other eye 20
Since the eyes 201 and 202 are controlled so that 2 faces the image P1, the gazing point is at the intersection position CLS, and in the example of FIG. 30, the gazing point is closer to the actual screen. Therefore,
Distance L1 for focusing and distance L2 to the point of regard CLS
Does not match, it is considered that this causes eye fatigue. If the screen is viewed for a long time, the larger the difference between L1 and L2, the greater the accumulation of eye fatigue.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a display device capable of easily displaying a three-dimensional image with less sense of eye fatigue and a sense of reality.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device, wherein a minute lens is provided in front of each dot of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display. Provided , minute
Distance between the lens and the dot, or
The optical path length with the dot is a value close to the focal length of a minute lens
And a value smaller than the focal length
Between the dot and the dot , change the refractive index or the optical path length
Characterized in that a layer having means for providing the same is provided .

[0009]

[0010]

Further, the display device according to the second aspect is characterized in that a means for changing the focal length of the minute lens is further provided.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a layer having means for changing a refractive index or an optical path length is provided on the front surface of a dot forming a two-dimensional display. The distance between the dot and the lens or the optical path length between the lens and the dot is set to a value close to the focal length of the lens and equal to or less than the focal length.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a material having an electro-optical effect is used for the means for changing the refractive index or the optical path length or the means for changing the focal length of the minute lens. It is characterized by:

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, at least one lens is provided in front of a dot forming a two-dimensional display, and a distance between the dot and the lens or a distance between the lens and the dot is provided. The optical path length is set to a value close to the focal length of the lens, and the means for changing the focal length of the lens is made of a material having an electro-optical effect.

Further, the display device according to claim 6, wherein, as the focal length of the microlenses or lenses or refractive index of a layer located between these lenses and dots, are determined in accordance with the image information to be displayed It is characterized by being.

[0016]

[0017]

[0018]

According to the display device of the present invention, a minute lens is provided in front of each dot composed of at least one pixel to form a two-dimensional display. The distance can be set farther from the 2D display,
Dots can be enlarged. In addition, micro lens and
Distance between the lens and the optical path length between the lens and the dot
Value close to the focal length of the
By setting the value, the distance from near vision to infinity
The virtual image at a distance where the human eye actually adjusts the focus at
can do. In addition, the micro lens and the dot
A layer between which means for changing the refractive index or the optical path length
The distance of the virtual image of the dot to the entire screen.
Alternatively, it can be changed for each dot.

[0019]

[0020]

Further, in the display device according to the second aspect , by changing the focal length of the minute lens, the distance of the virtual image of dots can be changed for the entire screen or for each dot.

Further, in the display device according to the third aspect , a layer having a means for changing a refractive index or an optical path length is provided on a front surface of a dot forming a two-dimensional display,
At least one lens acting on the entire surface of the display is provided in front thereof, and the distance between the dot and the lens or the optical path length between the lens and the dot is set to a value close to the focal length of the lens and equal to or less than the focal length. By setting, the virtual image can be set at a distance from the distance close to clear vision to the infinity where the human eye actually adjusts the focus.

Further, in the display device according to the fourth aspect , a material having an electro-optical effect is used for the means for changing the refractive index or the optical path length or the means for changing the focal length of the minute lens. The refractive index, the optical path length, or the focal length of the minute lens can be continuously changed with a simple optical system, and the virtual image distance can be easily set in units of one dot.

Further, in the display device according to the fifth aspect , at least one lens is provided in front of the dots forming the two-dimensional display, and the distance between the dots and the lens or the optical path length between the lenses and the dots is determined. By using a substance having an electro-optical effect in the means for changing the focal length of the lens to a value close to the focal length of the lens, the focal length of the lens can be easily changed continuously with a simple optical system. It is also possible to perform high-density control in units of one dot, and it is possible to easily set the distance of the virtual image.

Further, in the display device according to claim 6, wherein the focal length of the micro lenses or lens or the refractive index of the layer is between these lenses and dots, it is determined in accordance with the image information to be displayed Thereby, a three-dimensional display using an eye adjustment mechanism can be obtained.

[0026]

[0027]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are a front view and a sectional view, respectively, of a first embodiment of a display device according to the present invention. 1 and 2, the two-dimensional display DP has dots 2a, 2b, and 2c each formed of one pixel, and the two-dimensional display DP has a front glass 3. For display devices, 2
Micro lenses 1a, 1b, 1c are provided in front of the dots 2a, 2b, 2c of the dimensional display DP in correspondence with the dots 2a, 2b, 2c.

The microlenses 1a, 1b, 1c are pointed lenses having a focal length of f. As shown in FIG. 3, the observer can use the microlenses 1a, 1b, 1c to move the lens from the front focal point F to the lens. The object O on the side, in this case, the enlarged erect virtual image O ′ of each dot 2a, 2b, 2c of the two-dimensional display DP can be seen with eyes.

In the display device having such a configuration,
The focal length f of the microlenses 1a, 1b, 1c is 10 mm, the distance s between the lenses 1a, 1b, 1c and the dots 2a, 2b, 2c is 5 mm, and the distance e between the observer's eye OB and the lens is 60 mm.
Assuming 0 mm, the distance s 'between the enlarged erect virtual image O' and the lens
Is 10 mm, and the magnification Γ is 1.98 times. However, for the sake of convenience, changes in the optical path length determined by the thickness and the refractive index of the front glass 3 were not included in the calculation, and the thickness of the lens was set to 0 mm. The lens and front glass 3
And the refractive index of the void was set to 1. At this time, the dot appears to the observer's eyes at a distance of 610 mm, and the eye is adjusted to be 5 mm farther than the actual distance of 605 mm. As described above, by appropriately setting the focal length of the microlens and the distance between the dot and the lens, the virtual image of the dot is changed from the distance (e + s) between the actual observer's eye and the dot to infinity. Can appear to exist. That is, pseudo three-dimensional display can be performed.

At this time, if the diameter D of the lens (apparent pixel size d ') is 0.3 mm, the actual pixel size d produced as a two-dimensional display may be 0.15 mm. . Thereby, 0.3 × 0.3-0.
A drive circuit such as a MIM or TFT can be formed in a portion larger than the dot itself of 15 × 0.15 = 0.0675 mm ² , and a dot is displayed on the front surface of a minute lens even if the aperture ratio is 25%. can do.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are views showing modified examples of the display device shown in FIGS. In the display device of FIG. 4, a microlens 1e is provided for each dot 2e composed of three pixels of R (red), G (green), and B (blue). That is, the microlenses provided in the configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 do not need to correspond to dots for each pixel, and may be one dot for every three pixels of RGB. At this time, hue information can be accurately displayed only when there are three pixels of RGB, so that in the case of color display, there is no significant change in performance as compared with the case where a minute lens is provided for each of the RGB pixels. It is easy to create a minute lens as much as the diameter of the lens can be increased.

In the display device shown in FIG.
Four sets of dots 2f, 2g, 2h,
With 2i as one new dot, a minute lens 1f is provided for each dot. In this case, although the display accuracy of the information of the fine line and the contour is somewhat lowered, the diameter of the lens can be further increased, so that a minute lens can be easily formed. Furthermore, instead of using four dots as one dot, 3 × 3 = 9 sets can be used as one dot.

In the above-described embodiment, when the focal length f of the lens is 10 mm, the lens (thin lens).
Assuming that the distance e between the dot and the dot is 9.6153 mm, s ′ is 249.7 mm, which is about 25 mm for a standard adult clear vision.
It is almost equal to cm. If the distance e is 10 mm,
s' is at infinity. That is, by setting the distance between the lens and the dot or the optical path length (when there is a substance having a relatively large refractive index other than air between them) to a value close to the focal length of the microlens and not more than the focal length, Even a small lens can be displayed in a range where an adult normally adjusts eyes. In the above calculation, the thickness of the front glass 3 was set to 0 mm.

Actually, since the distance between the lens and the human eye is also added, a virtual image can be seen at a place longer than the distance of clear vision.
It is desirable that the distance between the microlens and the dot or the optical path length s be within the range of the following expression with respect to the focal length f.

[0035]

[Equation 1] 0.9f ≦ s ≦ f

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. The relationship between the dots and the minute lenses is the same as that of the display device shown in FIGS. I have. Therefore, the same parts as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In the display device shown in FIG.
Glass 3 and micro lens 1 of 3D display DP
A material 4 capable of changing the refractive index or the optical path length and ITO transparent electrodes 8 and 9 are provided between the transparent electrodes a, 1b, and 1c. As such a material 4, for example, a gel that expands and contracts due to a change in electric potential and electric field strength can be used. That is, by applying a voltage to the material 4 by the transparent electrodes 8 and 9 to expand or contract, the actual distance s between the lens and the dot is changed, and the distance s ′ between the lens and the virtual image is changed. it can.

For example, when the focal length f of the lens is 10 mm and the distance e between the lens and the dot is 9.6153 mm, if s can be changed by 0.385 mm, then s' is 25 cm from the lens. From infinity to infinity.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a modification of the display device shown in FIG. In the display device of FIG. 7, a material 4a for changing the refractive index or the optical path length and ITO transparent electrodes 8a and 9a are provided between the micro lens 1a and the dot 2a, and between the micro lens 1b and the dot 2b. Is provided with a material 4b for changing the refractive index or the optical path length and ITO transparent electrodes 8b and 9b, and between the minute lens 1c and the dot 2c, a material 4c for changing the refractive index or the optical path length and the ITO transparent electrode 8c. , 9c, and each is divided at least by dots by the partition walls 6a, 6b. In such a configuration, for example, when it is desired to change the distance between the lens and the virtual image only for the dot 2b, a voltage may be applied only between the ITO transparent electrodes 8b and 9b.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 8, the minute lenses 10a, 10b, 10c and the minute lens 1
The focus variable optical system composed of two sets of lenses 1a, 11b, and 11c is used to control each dot 2a, 2 of the two-dimensional display DP.
b, 2c. Micro lens 10a,
10b, 10c and / or microlenses 11a, 11
b and 11c are movable in the optical axis direction C, so that, for example, the distance between the minute lenses 10a, 10b and 10c and the minute lenses 11a, 11b and 11c can be changed. .

In the display device having such a configuration,
Micro lens 10a, 10b, 10c and micro lens 11
By changing the distance between a, 11b, and 11c, the focal length of the variable focus optical system can be changed, and the distance between the lens and the virtual image can be changed.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the actual configuration of the display device of FIG. 8, and in FIG.
10b, 10c are actuators 12a, 12b,
It is configured such that the position can be individually changed by 12c. In such a configuration, for example, when it is desired to change the distance between the lens and the virtual image only for the dot 2b, only the actuator 12b is operated, and only the position of the minute lens 10b is changed by a minute amount.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 10, on the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP,
Furthermore, a layer 19 for changing the refractive index or the optical path length
Is provided in front of the two-dimensional display DP, and a lens 13 acting on the entire surface of the display DP is provided instead of the above-described minute lens corresponding to each dot.

The layer 19 for changing the refractive index or the optical path length is made of a material 16 capable of changing the refractive index or the optical path length by applying a voltage, ITO transparent electrodes 15 and 17, and a protective glass 18. Is formed from.

In the display device having such a configuration,
By applying a voltage to the ITO transparent electrodes 15 and 17, the refractive index or the optical path length of the material 16 can be changed, the optical path length s between the dot and the lens can be changed, and the imaging distance s' of the virtual image can be changed. Can be done. by this,
Even if the lens is not accurately positioned in advance corresponding to the dot, the distance from the display (the distance between the dot and the lens or the optical path length between the lens and the dot is
As long as the value is close to the focal length of the lens and is equal to or less than the focal length), it is sufficient that the display device is easily manufactured.

For example, the focal length f of the lens is 20 mm, and the distance (optical path length) s between the lens and the dot is 19.2308 mm.
Then, s ′ is 500.0 mm, and s is 19.67.
If it is 08 mm, it will be 1195.1 mm, and the optical path length will be 0.4
Only by changing the distance by 4 mm, the distance s' between the lens and the virtual image can be greatly changed. At this time, the magnification is 1.5
It changes only slightly from 29 times to 1.515 times. Also,
The size of the display is about 1.5 times smaller and does not have to be made large. In the above calculation, for simplicity, the lens was a thin lens, and the thickness of the front glass 3 was 0 mm.

Further, if the refractive index or the optical path length is changed for each dot, a three-dimensional display with a high resolution per dot can be performed. At this time, as described in the first embodiment, when a plurality of dots are grouped as one and the resolution of three-dimensional information is reduced to some extent as a new dot, the fabrication becomes easier.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. Although the display device of FIG. 11 has a configuration corresponding to the display device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the display device of FIG.
The minute lenses 22a, 22b, 22c are formed of a material having an electro-optic effect (electro-optic material), and an electrode 20 is provided between the minute lenses 22a, 22b, 22c.
a and 20b are arranged.

As the electro-optical material, for example, LiN
The electrode 20 is formed along the optical axis (Z axis) using a bO ₃ crystal.
a, 20b so that an electric field can be applied.
2a, 22b and 22c are formed. In this case, when a high voltage is applied between the electrodes 20a and 20b, the micro lenses 22a, 22b and 22c become electro-optical lenses.

In the display device having such a configuration,
By changing the voltage between the electrodes 20a and 20b, the focal length of the minute lenses 22a, 22b and 22c can be changed, and the distance S 'between the lens and the virtual image can be changed. However, when forming a microlens from an electro-optic material, care must be taken in the fabrication so that the focal length is substantially the same in both the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 12, the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP
The electro-optical material 23 and the transparent electrodes 24a,
24b and a protective glass 25 are provided.

As the electro-optical material 23, for example, LiN
The electrodes 24a and 24b are formed along the optical axis using a bO ₃ crystal.
, An electric field is applied.

In the display device having such a configuration,
By changing the voltage applied between the electrodes 24a and 24b, the refractive index of the electro-optical material 23 can be changed to change the optical path length, and as a result, the distance between the lens and the virtual image can be changed.

It should be noted that changing the distance between the lens and the virtual image as shown in the fifth and sixth embodiments is equivalent to the case where the variable focus lens system is used in the display apparatus of the third embodiment described above. However, when a voltage is applied to this using an electro-optical material, since a movable part is not required unlike a variable focus lens system, the positional accuracy between the lens and the dot can be maintained high, and the voltage can be increased. It is also easy to make corrections. Furthermore, when controlling for each dot, it is hardly affected by adjacent dots, and control of the optical path length becomes very easy.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a seventh embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 13, a display DP is provided in front of the two-dimensional display DP instead of a micro lens corresponding to each dot.
An electro-optic lens 27 acting on the entire surface, and electrodes 26a, 2
6b. For the electro-optic lens 27, for example, a LiNbO ₃ crystal is used, and an electric field is applied along the optical axis by the electrodes 26a and 26b.

In the display device having such a configuration,
By applying a high voltage to the electrodes 26a and 26b, the focal length of the electro-optic lens 27 can be easily changed, and the distance between the lens and the virtual image can be changed. As described above, in the seventh embodiment, the change in the focal length can be easily controlled by the applied voltage, the distance between the electrodes, and the electrode length. Further, since a complicated optical system is not required and there are no movable parts, the reliability is improved. Can be increased. However, the electro-optic lens 27 is
Care must be taken in fabrication so that the focal lengths in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction are substantially the same.

In the fifth to seventh embodiments,
The refractive index and optical path length were changed using electro-optic materials.
PLZT ceramics may be used instead of the electro-optic material. PLZT is an easy-to-manufacture ceramic and exhibits a large electro-optic effect, so that it can be operated in the same manner as when an electro-optic material is used.
When using PLZT ceramics, the lens for the display panel needs to have a large area, and PLZT is convenient. Further, since it is necessary to form an image in both the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction, it is desirable to use PLZT which has relatively little direction dependence.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an eighth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. Although the display device of FIG. 14 has a configuration corresponding to the display device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the display device of FIG.
The minute lenses 30a, 30b, 30c are composed of minute liquid crystal lenses 31a, 31b, 31c in which a kind of nematic liquid crystal having a relatively large refractive index is sealed, and transparent electrodes 32a, 3c.
2b, 32c; 33a, 33b, 33c; and flat glass 34a, 34b, 34c; 35a, 35b, 35c.

In the display device having such a configuration,
Electrodes 32a, 32b, 32c and electrodes 33a, 33b, 3
3c by applying a voltage between the liquid crystal lenses 31a and 3c.
By controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 1b and 31c, the refractive index of the liquid crystal can be changed, and the focal length can be continuously changed. Incidentally, this is the refractive index n _e and the minor axis direction of the refractive index n ₀ of the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecules, are based on different by the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules. In addition,
In this case, when a liquid crystal having a large birefringence Δn (= n _e −n ₀ ) is used, the range in which the liquid crystal can be changed becomes larger, but it is necessary to pay attention to the dispersion.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a ninth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 15, a display DP is provided in front of the two-dimensional display DP instead of the minute lens corresponding to each dot.
A lens 36 acting on the entire surface is provided.
Reference numeral 6 denotes a liquid crystal lens 37 in which a type of nematic liquid crystal is sealed, transparent electrodes 38 and 39, flat glass 40,
41.

In the display device having such a structure, similarly to the display device of the eighth embodiment, the voltage is applied to the electrodes 38 and 39 to control the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal lens 37. Thereby, the refractive index of the liquid crystal can be changed, and the focal length can be changed continuously.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a tenth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. The display device of FIG. 16 has an arrangement substantially corresponding to the display device shown in FIG. 6, and is arranged between the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP and the minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c by using a kind of nematic liquid crystal. Material 42 is enclosed, and each dot 2
Transparent electrodes 43a, 43b, 43c are provided at positions on front glass 3 corresponding to a, 2b, 2c, and transparent electrodes 44a, 44b are provided on respective surfaces of minute lenses 1a, 1b, 1c opposed thereto. , 44c are provided.

In the display device having such a configuration,
Transparent electrodes 43a, 43b, 43c; 44a, 44b, 4
By applying a voltage (or a relatively low voltage) between 4c, the refractive index of the liquid crystal material 42 can be varied from n _e in the range of n _0, the result, the lens and the distance of the dots (the optical path length ) By changing s, the distance s ′ of the virtual image of the dot can be changed in dot units.

Now, for example, consider a dot having a size of 300 micron pitch and a micro lens having a diameter. Assuming that the focal length of the micro lens is 5 mm, when s is 4.969 mm, s'
Is 800 mm, and s ′ is 20 when s is 4.878 mm.
0 mm. In order to change s' within such a range, the optical path length s must be 4.968 / 4.878 = 1.0184.
5 may be changed at a rate physicians, therefore, if 1.85% of the refractive index change between the n _e and n ₀ is sufficient, as a material which gives such changes, the number of liquid crystal material Can be used.

When this is observed as a general display at a distance of 200 mm from the lens, s ′ is 2
When a dot (displayed object) is visible at a distance of 00 mm, that is, at a distance of 40 cm, an enlarged image of about 21 times the dot is obtained. When a dot is seen at s' of 800 mm, that is, at a distance of 100 cm, about 33 times the dot is displayed. The enlarged image of the dot is seen. From this, conversely, the dots may be formed in a size of 1/21.

When the same display device is mounted on glasses and the distance between the eyes and the lens is set to 20 mm, 2
Dots can be displayed at a distance from 2 cm (4.66 times) to 82 cm (4.91 times). When the lens and the display are brought close to the eyes, the magnification becomes small,
It is even more convenient when using a dimensional display. In addition, it is easy to make high definition.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of an eleventh embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. The display device of FIG. 17 has an arrangement substantially corresponding to the display device shown in FIG. 10, and includes a liquid crystal material 46, transparent electrodes 47 and 48 on the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP.
A layer 50 made of a protective glass 49 is formed, and a lens 51 acting on the entire surface of the display DP is provided in front of the two-dimensional display DP.

In such a configuration, the operation principle is the same as that of the tenth embodiment, and the transparent electrodes 47 and 48 are used.
By applying a voltage between them, the refractive index of the liquid crystal material 46 is changed, and as a result, the distance (optical path length) s between the lens and the dot can be changed, and the distance s ′ of the virtual image of the dot can be changed. .

Now, for example, a short focal length lens 51 having a focal length f = 10 mm is fixed at a position of a distance e (= 10 mm) from the dot, and a distance of 1 mm from the lens 51 to a distance of about 10 mm. The layer 50 is provided with a display.
In this case, the dot is 1010 when s is 9.902.
mm, and 210 when s is 9.524 mm.
It is possible to change the refractive index so that it looks like a distance of mm. In addition, the enlargement ratios are all about twice, and very high-definition three-dimensional display is possible. That is, in order to change as described above, the optical path length s is set to 9.902 / 9.5.
It is sufficient to change the refractive index at a rate of 24 = 1.040. Therefore, it is sufficient to change the refractive index by 4%.
As with the zero embodiment, many liquid crystal materials can be used.

In the above calculation, for simplicity, the lens 51 is assumed to be a thin lens, and the front glass 3, the protective glass 4
The thickness of No. 9 was set to 0 mm. In the above-described configuration, what should be noted is the polarization property of the liquid crystal, and it is necessary to devise a method such as combining two lenses with a right-angle lens or using a polarizing filter. However, if a liquid crystal display or a polarizing plate is already used, it is sufficient to pay attention to the direction.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a twelfth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 18, a layer 57 including a liquid crystal material 53, transparent electrodes 54 and 55, and a protective glass 56 is formed on the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP. , Processed into a circular hole pattern. Note that FIG. 18 shows only a portion corresponding to the dot 2b for simplicity.

In the display device having such a configuration,
When a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes 54, 55, the electrodes 54, 55
An electric field having a pattern shown by an arrow in FIG. FIGS. 19A and 19B are diagrams showing the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material 53 generated when the voltage between the electrodes 54 and 55 is changed. When no voltage is applied, FIG. As shown in (1), the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is uniform and has no lens effect. On the other hand, the electrode 5
When a low voltage is applied between 4, 55, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules becomes non-uniform due to the non-uniform electric field as shown in FIG.

As described above, in the display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 18, the liquid crystal material 53 sealed between the parallel electrodes 54 and 55 is used as a liquid crystal lens, and this is used as a focus variable lens, particularly a minute focus variable lens. Function, and the viewing distance in dot units can be easily changed. Further, in the configuration of FIG. 18, as can be seen from the comparison with the display device of FIG.
Is not required separately, the structure becomes simpler, and the positional accuracy and the like can be maintained satisfactorily.

FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a thirteenth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention. In the display device of FIG. 20, a liquid crystal lens 60 having a Fresnel structure is provided on the front glass 3 of the two-dimensional display DP.
A liquid crystal lens 60 having a Fresnel structure is provided between a protective glass 62 and a Fresnel lens 61 divided into a large number of concentric circles.
A liquid crystal material 63 is sealed.

In the display device having such a configuration,
Since the liquid crystal lens 60 having the Fresnel structure is used, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is not so large even at the center of the lens. That is, for example, in a liquid crystal lens in which the liquid crystal layer is formed into a lens shape as shown in FIG. 15, a large difference is observed in the electric field strength due to the difference in thickness between the central portion and the end portion. The orientation of the molecules is weakened, the molecules become cloudy, and the transmittance tends to decrease. On the other hand, when a Fresnel structure liquid crystal lens is used, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer does not become too large even at the center of the lens, so that a decrease in transmittance can be prevented.

Further, since the focal length can be reduced even though the lens is thin, it is convenient to use it in combination with a two-dimensional display. this is,
It may be used as a simple lens or, if miniaturization is possible, as a minute lens for each dot.

In each of the above embodiments, FIG.
8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 1
The display device No. 7 is not configured to change the optical path length or the focal length for each dot, and has a wider area than the dot, for example, the entire dot area for one row or one row in FIG. It is suitable for applications in which the optical path length or the focal length needs to be changed over a wide range. More specifically, when only three types of changes, that is, the distant view, the middle view, and the near view need not be given, by using these configurations, the optical path length, Alternatively, the focal length can be set to be the same for a distant view, and the optical path length or the focal length can be set to be the same for all the dots in the foreground area for the foreground. That is, the display device having the above configuration is suitable for giving a gentle three-dimensional effect over a wide area.

On the other hand, the display devices shown in FIGS. 7, 9, 11, and 16 have a configuration in which the optical path length or the focal length can be changed for each dot, and the optical path length can be changed over a fine screen. , Or for changing the focal length, and a three-dimensional effect can be obtained for each dot.

However, in any of the above cases, the focal length of the micro lens corresponding to each dot or the lens acting on the entire surface of the two-dimensional display DP, or
Since the refractive index of the layer between these lenses and the dots can be easily set to a predetermined value, according to the image information to be displayed, by determining the focal length or the refractive index,
Even when the two-dimensional display DP is used, three-dimensional display becomes possible. By applying any of the above-described display devices to a three-dimensional display device as described below,
Even in the case of stereoscopic viewing with binocular parallax, by forming an image at the distance of the gazing point, eye fatigue can be reduced.

Now, it is assumed that two-dimensional display image information as shown in FIG. 21 is displayed on the two-dimensional display DP. It is assumed that the two-dimensional display image information shown in FIG. 21 is formed by many dots.
FIG. 21 shows a tulip 71 and a car 72 as image information.
, A person 73, a cedar 74, a sun 75, and a mountain 76 are displayed.

When such two-dimensional display image information is three-dimensionally displayed by using any of the above-described embodiments, the whole image information of the dots constituting the image or partial dot image information is used. (Including distance information, if any), to determine the distance of a particular dot or the entire virtual image, and accordingly the focal length of said tiny lens or lens, or the layer between these lenses and dots Is determined. Thereby, 3D using a two-dimensional display
Dimensional display becomes possible. This is not a conventional method using binocular parallax, but utilizes an eye adjustment mechanism,
An existing two-dimensional display or its technology can be used as it is.

More specifically, by using the luminance, saturation, hue, and distance information of only the specific dot to be displayed as the image information, the focal length of the minute lens of the specific dot to be displayed or the dot Determine the refractive index of the front layer.

Alternatively, as the image information, display is performed by using luminance, saturation, hue, and distance information of a matrix based on a specific dot to be displayed and two or more squares or rectangles centered on the specific dot. The focal length of the microlens for the particular dot to be sought or the refractive index of the layer in front of the dot is determined.

At this time, in addition to the information on the specific dot to be displayed or the dot in the vicinity thereof, the luminance, saturation, hue, distance information of the image near the center of the screen or near the line of sight, or the luminance of the entire image The focal length of the minute lens of the specific dot to be displayed or the refractive index of the layer in front of the dot may be determined in consideration of the average value and distribution of the saturation, hue, and distance information.

First, using the luminance, saturation, hue, and distance information of only specific dots to be displayed as image information,
The case where the focal length of the microlens of the specific dot to be displayed or the refractive index of the layer in front of the dot is determined will be described.

Now, it is assumed that the display device has a configuration as shown in FIG. 14, and a case is considered where there is a minute lens having a focal length of 5 mm at a distance of 20 cm from the observer's eyes.
In the image information of FIG. 21, if one of the dots constituting the tulip 71 is at a distance of 40 cm, the dot only needs to be at a distance of 20 cm from the lens, and the dot of the liquid crystal layer is set so that s becomes 4.878 mm. Changes the refractive index. If the specific dot in the car 72 and the person 73 is at a distance of 2 m, s' is 1800 mm.
To 986 mm. The specific dot in the cedar 74 is 50
Assuming that the distance is m, s is set to 4.999 mm. If the specific dot of the sun 75 is s ′ = ∞, s is set to 5.000 mm.

By the way, in a display which performs three-dimensional display in this way, when it is not possible to sufficiently cope with the actual distance due to the focal length of the lens and the properties of the refractive index change layer, it is necessary to correct this. That is, the short distance is
At least a virtual image cannot be formed before the lens, and even if infinity is possible, extremely high positional accuracy is required, and it is difficult to set an arbitrary distance. In such a case, it is desirable that the distance information be compressed and displayed within a certain range.

Next, as image information, display is performed using the luminance, saturation, hue, and distance information of a matrix based on a specific dot to be displayed and a square or rectangle of two or more dots centered on the specific dot. A case will be described in which the focal length of the minute lens of the specific dot to be tried or the refractive index of the layer in front of the dot is determined.

FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of the matrix 78 composed of many dots in the image information of FIG.

The fact that the dots constituting the tulip 71 are one continuous object at a short distance among the many dots of the matrix 78 indicates that the matrix 78
It can be easily determined by image calculation using the luminance, saturation, hue, and distance information of the middle dot.

At this time, if the distance information of the central part 79 of the flower part of the tulip 71 is 400 mm and the distance information of the peripheral part 80 of the flower part is 420 mm (the diameter of the flower is about 40
mm), the central portion 79 has s of 4.878 mm, and the peripheral portion 80 has s of 4.889 mm.
(0.011 mm).

However, the accuracy of eye adjustment is not very high. This can be understood from, for example, that, when one eye is closed, the user's left and right forefinger at the distance of clear vision cannot be easily touched. For this reason, it is not necessary to control the distance of a virtual image with fine precision, and if it is one object which does not differ much in a continuous distance like the above-mentioned tulip 71, it will only make the whole tulip look at the position of 40 cm. Is sufficient and it is not necessary to change the optical path length, so that the display is easy. In addition, it is difficult to adjust the eyes of small objects or parts, such as one dot or several dots, so that it is easy to see the target object by matching the distance between the surrounding dots, or conversely, by matching the surroundings. can do.

By the way, when the image information of the two-dimensional display is as shown in FIG. 23, the line of sight tends to be directed to the person 83 near the center. And the line of sight is easy to turn. In this case, in order to be able to observe the distance between virtual dots of the object in the line of sight direction or the virtual image of the screen portion other than the dots of the object near the center of the screen without a large change in eye adjustment, It is preferable to set the distance of the virtual image so that the dots constituting another object are close to the distance of the center of the screen, and to determine the refractive index of the layer and the distance of the virtual image accordingly.

For example, the human 83 is 1 m, the flower 84 is 1 m,
If the mountain 85 is at a distance of 100 m, the human 83 remains as it is, and the flower 83 can be seen at a distance of about 1.3 m.
5 sets the virtual image of each dot so that it looks at a distance of about 30 m. At this time, if the eyes are at the person 83 and the eyes are adjusted to 1 m, the amount of blur of the flowers 84 and the mountains 85 can be reduced. In addition, when the gaze is moved to the flower 84, a change in accommodation of the eyes can be reduced, and fatigue due to the movement of the gaze can be reduced.

When a lens acting on the entire surface of the two-dimensional display DP and an undivided layer whose refractive index can be changed are used as in the display device shown in FIG. Cannot be changed individually for each dot, and the distance of the virtual image over the entire display is changed. In such a case, as the image information, the brightness, saturation, hue, and distance information of the image near the center of the screen or near the line of sight, or the average value, distribution, and brightness, saturation, hue, and distance information of the entire image , The distance of the virtual image on the entire surface of the two-dimensional display is determined, and the refractive index of the layer in front of the display is determined accordingly.
Similarly, the focal length when a micro lens or a lens is used can be determined.

Most ideally, means for tracking the line of sight of the eye with an eye pointer or the like is provided, and the distance of the virtual image of the entire screen is determined based on the image information of the object in the direction of the line of sight indicated by the means. , Determine the refractive index of the layer. At this time, since the eyes are adjusted to the object you are looking at in the line of sight,
Natural 3D display is possible.

For example, the refractive index is determined so that s becomes 4.878 mm when the tulip 71 is viewed, and 4.986 mm when the car 72 is viewed.

For example, when a screen as shown in FIG. 23 is displayed, if a human does not move his / her line of sight, he / she mainly has a line of sight in the center part 82 of the screen, and also has a line of sight in the center of the screen. Often turned. 21 and FIG.
As shown in, the distance often increases in order from the near side of the screen, such as short distance, middle distance, long distance, and infinity. Often there is no discomfort. In such a case,
It is also possible to determine the distance of the virtual image of the entire screen based on the image information near the center of the screen, and to determine the refractive index of the layer accordingly.

In the case of FIG. 23, when the center person 83 is at a distance of 2 m, the refractive index of the entire screen is determined so that s becomes 4.986 mm.

However, depending on the image information, if the distance is set to the central cedar 74 as shown in FIG. 21, the tulip 71 in front will have a great sense of discomfort during observation, so it is necessary to pay attention to the type of image information.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of image information on the table. In this case, the distribution of distance information has a small standard deviation σ. Therefore, in such a case, the distance of the virtual image on the screen is determined according to the average value of the distance of the entire screen, and the refractive index is determined accordingly.

The above-described determination control is specifically performed by providing a voltage control unit 300 as shown in FIG. 25, for example. FIG. 25 is a configuration example in the case where the display device has a configuration as shown in FIG. 16, for example.

In the example of FIG. 25, the voltage control unit 300 includes an optical path length storage unit 301 such as a ROM storing optical path length data in a state where no voltage is applied, and image information 302.
, A display position data calculation unit 303 for calculating at which position a dot image should be formed from the lens surface based on the distance information in the optical path, and an optical path based on the display position calculated by the display position data calculation unit 303. Optical path length calculation section 304 for calculating length data, calculated optical path length data and optical path length storage section 3
01, an applied voltage calculation unit 305 that calculates an applied voltage based on the optical path length data stored in the storage unit 01, an applied voltage storage unit 306 in which the calculated applied voltage value is stored, and while a dot is displayed. The applied voltage stored in the applied voltage storage unit 306 is applied to the transparent electrodes 43a, 44a; 43b, 44b;
A voltage application unit 307 for applying voltage to 43c and 44c is provided.

By providing such a voltage control section 300, the image position can be determined by the following procedure. That is, first, the transparent electrodes 43a, 4
43a, 43b, 44b; 43c, 44c, the optical path length in the state where no voltage is applied is measured in advance, and this is stored in the optical path length storage unit 301 in advance. When the image position is determined based on the image information of a specific dot, the display position data calculation unit 303 calculates where the dot image should be formed from the lens surface based on the distance information in the image information. . In this calculation, the variable range of the optical path length and the values and precision of the optical path length and the focal length of the lens are also taken into consideration.

Next, the optical path length calculating section 304 calculates optical path length data based on the calculated display position, and the applied voltage calculating section 305 stores the calculated optical path length data and the optical path length storage section 301 in advance. Based on the optical path length data (for example, by calculating the difference between them), the corresponding applied voltage is calculated. Thereby, the image position can be actually determined. The calculated applied voltage is
The voltage is stored in the applied voltage storage unit 306,
Converts the applied voltage to the transparent electrodes 43a, 44a; 43b,
44b; 43c, 44c to change the refractive index of the liquid crystal material 6.

As described above, most of the three-dimensional displays, especially three-dimensional displays related to moving picture information, which utilize the binocular parallax of the left and right eyes, are in many cases. Conversely, a three-dimensional display that does not provide binocular parallax
Particularly at a short distance, the three-dimensional effect tends to be poor.

The three-dimensional display using the binocular parallax can sufficiently display the perspective of the image information, but the focus of the adjustment of the eyes is mostly fixed to the screen display. Since the convergence and the adjustment do not match, it is easy to get tired. In addition, the conventional method of making a screen optically distant requires a relatively large space or a complicated optical system near the eyes.

On the other hand, a three-dimensional display device for displaying each of the left eye and the right eye is constructed by using any one of the display devices of the above-described embodiments. If the three-dimensional display is performed, the above-described conventional problem can be solved. For example, using a microlens as shown in FIG.
When a three-dimensional display device is manufactured, even if the device is lightweight and small, the change in convergence caused by the binocular disparity to be displayed and the adjustment of eyes can be made less likely to cause fatigue. It can be lightweight and small.

Further, when a three-dimensional display device is configured by combining the above-described display device capable of changing the distance of a virtual image of an image and a display of binocular parallax, eye convergence is predicted from image information or a line of sight. By adjusting the distance between the virtual images of the image so that the eyes are adjusted accordingly, it is possible to further increase the three-dimensional effect and to reduce eye fatigue.

For example, in the example shown in FIG. 10, the distance from the virtual image can be adjusted from 40 cm to 80 cm. As reported in the document “Imaging Lab November 1990, pp. 20-24,” at short distances between 40 cm and 80 cm, eye fatigue is significantly reduced when the difference between the convergence distance and the accommodation distance is within 20 cm. In any case, it becomes possible to see the space required for work from a distance of 25 cm to about 1 m with a clear vision with little eye fatigue.

FIGS. 26A and 26B are a front view and a sectional view of a glasses-type three-dimensional display device to which the display device according to the present invention is applied. 26A and 26B, reference numeral 93 denotes a lens having a focal length of 10 mm, reference numeral 94 denotes a layer capable of changing the refractive index, reference numeral 95 denotes a liquid crystal display, reference numeral 96 denotes a human eye, and reference numeral 97 denotes these. This is the lens barrel of the glasses. Such a display device is called the right eye,
As shown by 98 and 99, one by one is provided on the left eye and integrated to form a three-dimensional display device.

In the glasses-type three-dimensional display device having such a configuration, for example, when a display device as shown in FIG.
When the distance between the eye and the human eye 96 is set to 10 mm, the thickness is 1 mm
The eye can be adjusted from 210 mm to 1010 mm only by changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer by 4%. In addition, when an image based on binocular parallax is displayed by changing the distance of a virtual image, convergence and accommodation can be matched in a range of 210 mm to 1010 mm, and a three-dimensional image with less eyestrain can be obtained. A dimensional display is obtained.

By bringing the lens closer to the eyes,
Since the magnification is small, it is easy to display high definition.

FIG. 27 is a view showing a modification of FIGS. 26A and 26B. In FIG. 27, reference numeral 100 denotes a liquid crystal display, 101 denotes a layer whose refractive index changes, 102 denotes a minute lens, and 103 denotes glasses. Lens barrel.

In the three-dimensional display device having such a configuration, when the display device as shown in FIG. 16 is used, if the distance between the eye 96 and the liquid crystal display 100 is set to about 20 mm, the distance from 22 cm to 82 cm or more. A virtual image can be easily displayed.

In these, the lens can be brought close to the eyes, so that a virtual image at a short distance can be easily displayed.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the three-dimensional display device according to the present invention. FIG. 28 shows a configuration in which the above-described display device is applied to the passive eyeglass system. In FIG. 28, a portion for the right eye and a portion for the left eye are separately shown for simplicity.

This three-dimensional display device has a two-dimensional display DP and means 115 for changing the virtual image distance.
(For example, means comprising a microlens and a refractive index changing layer)
, A polarizing plate 116, a π cell (0 wavelength delay) 117,
And glasses 119 whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other on the left and right. The polarizing plate 116 and the π cell 117
Is to function as a continuous liquid crystal polarizing shutter 118 in a time sharing manner.

[0119] In three-dimensional display device having such a configuration, for example, at the same time in a two-dimensional display DP displays an image of the left and right with a period of 100H _Z, in the liquid crystal polarization shutter 118 is tuned to this, the horizontal for the left eye the display light of the direction of polarization at 50H _Z, divided time by chopper display light in the vertical direction of the polarized light for the right eye 50H _Z, interlocked with the virtual image distance change due distance change means 115 of the image Then, three-dimensional display is performed.

FIGS. 29 (a) and 29 (b) are diagrams for explaining this situation.
The two images P1 and P2 are displayed at a predetermined interval Z, and when the two images P1 and P2 are observed, in the three-dimensional display device, the two images P1 and P2 are displayed on both eyes 20.
At 1, 202, observation is not performed simultaneously, but observation is performed alternately in a time-division manner. FIG. 29A illustrates a state in which the image P2 is viewed by one eye 201, and FIG. 29B illustrates a case in which the image P1 is viewed by the other eye 202.
30. At the same time as shown in FIG. 30, the convergence mechanism of the eyes 202 controls the eyes 201 and 202 such that one eye 201 faces the image P2 and the other eye 202 faces the image P1. The viewpoint becomes these intersection positions CLS, and FIG.
In the examples of (a) and (b), it is closer to the actual screen 210. In such a case, the display devices according to the present invention are mounted for the left eye and the right eye, respectively, and the display devices are controlled in accordance with the image information of the screen 210, so that the positions of the images P1 and P2 (current In this case, the real image position) can be moved to the position of the gazing point CLS, so that the adjustment mechanism of the eyes 201 and 202 adjusts the eye 201 and 202 to focus on the distance L2 from the eyes 201 and 202 to the gazing point CLS. , 202 are controlled. As a result, the eye convergence and the accommodation can be matched, and eye fatigue can be reduced.

Also, contrary to the above example, the point of regard CLS is the actual distance L1 from the eyes 201, 202 to the screen 210.
When an image at a longer distance is displayed on the screen 210, the display device is configured to display a virtual image of the image of the screen 210, and the display device is controlled so that the virtual image is displayed at the point of gaze. By doing so, eye convergence and accommodation can be matched in the same way, and fatigue can be reduced.

More specifically, the means 115 is provided, for example, in FIG.
And a two-dimensional display D at a distance of 20 cm using a lens having a focal length of 5 mm as a micro lens.
By setting the plane P, it is possible to easily perform a three-dimensional display in which the convergence and the adjustment of the eyes from 40 cm to 80 cm coincide with each other, and a display with a sufficient feeling of fatigue from 20 cm to 100 cm.

Further, since the enlargement magnification of the dots is large, the dots may be formed small, and the aperture ratio may be reduced, so that the drive circuit such as a TFT is easily formed.

Also, stereoscopic display by both convergence and adjustment can be performed with only lightweight and simple polarizing plate glasses, so that there is little change from a normal working state, and as an effect, the object is not tired and rich in three-dimensional feeling. It is possible to provide a three-dimensional display that is easy to see and excellent in ergonomics.

[0125]

As described above, according to the display device of the first aspect, for each dot composed of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display, a minute lens is provided in front of the dot. Therefore, the distance of the virtual image of the dot seen by the observer can be set to a farther place in the two-dimensional display, and at the same time, the dot can be enlarged. Also, the distance between the minute lens and the dot or the lens
The optical path length between the dot and the dot is close to the focal length of the minute lens
The value must be set to a value that is less than the focal length
So, from a distance close to clear vision to infinity,
The virtual image can be set at the distance where the eyes adjust the focus
You. In addition, the refractive index between the minute lens and the dot is
Or a layer having means for changing the optical path length is provided.
To set the distance of the virtual image of the dot to the entire screen or to each dot
Can be changed to

[0126]

[0127]

Further, according to the display device of the second aspect , since the focal length of the minute lens is changed,
The distance of the virtual image of dots can be changed for the entire screen or for each dot.

According to the display device of the third aspect , a layer having means for changing the refractive index or the optical path length is provided on the front surface of the dots forming the two-dimensional display, and at least one or more layers are provided in front of the layer. Since a lens acting on the entire surface of the display is provided, and the distance between the dot and the lens or the optical path length between the lens and the dot is set to a value close to the focal length of the lens and equal to or less than the focal length, The virtual image can be set at a distance from the distance close to clear vision to infinity at which the human eye actually adjusts the focus.

According to the display device of the fourth aspect , a material having an electro-optical effect is used for the means for changing the refractive index or the optical path length or the means for changing the focal length of a minute lens. The refractive index, the optical path length, or the focal length of the minute lens can be continuously changed with a simple optical system, and the virtual image distance can be easily set in units of one dot.

[0131] According to the display device according to claim 5, provided with at least one or more lenses in front of the dots forming the two-dimensional display, the optical path of the distance or the lens and the dot of the dot and the lens The length is set to a value close to the focal length of the lens, and a substance having an electro-optical effect is used for the means for changing the focal length of the lens. It can be changed, and high-density control can be performed in units of one dot, so that the virtual image distance can be easily set.

[0132] Further, according to the display apparatus of claim 6, wherein the focal length of the micro lenses or lens or the refractive index of the layer is between these lenses and dots, determined in accordance with the image information to be displayed Therefore, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional display using an eye adjusting mechanism.

[0133]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining characteristics of a minute lens.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a modification of the display device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of the display device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a modification of the display device shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an actual configuration of the display device of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a seventh embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an eighth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a ninth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a tenth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of an eleventh embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a twelfth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

19A and 19B are diagrams showing a voltage change in the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal material in the display device of FIG.

FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a thirteenth embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of two-dimensional display image information displayed on a two-dimensional display.

FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of a part of the image information of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of two-dimensional display image information displayed on a two-dimensional display.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of image information of two-dimensional display displayed on a two-dimensional display.

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a voltage control unit.

FIGS. 26A and 26B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a three-dimensional display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a view showing a modification of the three-dimensional display device shown in FIGS. 26 (a) and (b).

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a three-dimensional display device according to the present invention.

FIGS. 29A and 29B are diagrams for explaining the principle of matching eye convergence and accommodation according to the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a general relationship between eye convergence and accommodation.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a, 1b, 1c, 1e, 1f
Micro lens 2a, 2b, 2c, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i
Dot 3
Front glass 4,4a, 4b, 4c, 16 Material capable of changing refractive index or optical path length 8,9,8a, 9a, 8b, 9b, 8c, 9c, 15,
17 ITO transparent electrode 11a, 11b, 11c
Micro lens 12a, 12b, 12c
Actuator 18
Protective glass 19 Layers 20a and 20b for changing refractive index or optical path length
Electrodes 22a, 22b, 22c
Micro lens 23
Electro-optic material 24a, 24b, 26a, 26b
Electrode 27
Electro-optic lens 30a, 30b, 30c
Micro lens 31a, 31b, 31c
Micro liquid crystal lens 32a, 32b, 32c, 33a, 33b, 33c
Transparent electrodes 34a, 34b, 34c, 35a, 35b, 35c
Flat lens 36
Lens 37
Liquid crystal lens 38, 89
Transparent electrodes 40, 41
Flat lens 42 Material consisting of a kind of nematic liquid crystal 43a, 43b, 43c, 44a, 44b, 44c
Transparent electrodes 46, 53
Liquid crystal materials 47, 48, 54, 55
Transparent electrode 49,56
Protective glass 60 Liquid crystal lens with Fresnel structure 61
Fresnel lens 62
Protective glass 63
Liquid crystal material DP
2D display

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-3-131189 (JP, A) JP-A-62-36636 (JP, A) JP-A-57-157215 (JP, A) JP-A-56-157 70585 (JP, A) JP-A-2-68585 (JP, A) JP-A-4-353824 (JP, A) JP-A-4-251221 (JP, A) JP-A-4-229825 (JP, A) JP-A-4-116519 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/13 505 G02B 3/00 G02F 1/1335

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A micro lens is provided in front of a dot for each dot of at least one pixel forming a two-dimensional display, and the micro lens and the dot are provided .
Distance or the optical path length between the minute lens and the dot
A value close to the focal length of a minute lens and
It is set to the value below and the small lens and the dot
In between, have means to change the refractive index or optical path length
A display device comprising a layer . 2. The display device according to claim 1 , further comprising means for changing a focal length of said minute lens. 3. A layer having means for changing a refractive index or an optical path length is provided on a front surface of a dot forming a two-dimensional display, and a lens acting on the entire display surface is further provided in front of the layer. The display device, wherein a distance between the dot and the lens or an optical path length between the lens and the dot is set to a value close to the focal length of the lens and equal to or less than the focal length. 4. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the means for changing the refractive index or the optical path length or the means for changing the focal length of the minute lens has an electro-optic effect. A display device, wherein a material is used. 5. At least one lens is provided in front of a dot forming a two-dimensional display,
The distance between the dot and the lens or the optical path length between the lens and the dot is set to a value close to the focal length of the lens,
A display device, wherein a material having an electro-optical effect is used for the means for changing the focal length of the lens. 6. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein said minute lens or a focal length of said lens or a refractive index of a layer between said lens and said dot is displayed. A display device characterized by being determined according to image information.