JP3246697B2 - 3D display device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional display device, and more particularly to a three-dimensional display device in which a displayed image can be viewed in three dimensions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As such a stereoscopic display device, for example, one having a configuration as shown in FIG. 20 is known.

In FIG. 1, images (a parallax image) of a three-dimensional object α1 taken from different directions are taken by cameras α2 and α3. These cameras α2 and α
3 through the video signal exchange α4.
It is alternately input to the RT display device α5 for each field.

On the other hand, the observer α7 has liquid crystal shutter glasses α6.
To observe the CRT display device α5, and the liquid crystal shutter glasses α6 are connected to the CRT display device α5.
When the camera is displaying an image from the camera α2, the glasses on the left side are in a transparent state, and when displaying an image from the camera α3, the glasses on the right side are in a transparent state. .

[0005] Due to the afterimage effect of the observer α7, a parallax image can be simultaneously viewed by both eyes and stereoscopically viewed.

Further, as another example, one having a configuration as shown in FIG. 21 is known.

In FIG. 1, the cameras β2 and β
3 is input to a matrix-display liquid crystal display device .beta.1 via a video signal converter .beta.4, so that it is alternately displayed on the display surface for each pixel in the horizontal direction.

A so-called lenticular lens β2 is disposed on the display surface of the liquid crystal display device β1, and the observer β7 disposed at a predetermined position has a parallax between its eyes due to the directivity of the lenticular lens β2. The image can be recognized as a stereoscopic image.

[0009]

However, in the case of the three-dimensional display device configured as described above, for example, as shown in FIG. 20, the liquid crystal shutter glasses α6 are indispensable tools, and when the CRT display device α5 is observed. It was extremely annoying. In particular, when communication is assumed as in a video conference or the like, the use of the liquid crystal shutter glasses α6 is extremely unnatural.

In the case of the one shown in FIG. 21, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to use the liquid crystal shutter glasses α6. However, although the convergence point is often before and after the screen, the image is displayed on the display surface. Has been pointed out, causing a problem of fatigue in the eyes of the observer β7, resulting in inconsistency in the focal length adjustment.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in order to achieve such an object, and an object of the present invention is to eliminate the necessity of tools such as spectacles, and to provide the observer's eye with the focal length. An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional display device that does not cause inconsistency in adjustment.

[0012]

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention basically provides light from respective pixels on a display surface on which stereoscopic image information is input and displayed. Input to the observer side through a set of light deflecting elements composed of light deflecting elements, and in accordance with the display timing of each pixel of the display device, the light deflecting element corresponding to the pixel is A control device for controlling a light deflection angle in the set is provided.

According to the present invention, there is provided a light deflecting element set including light deflecting elements in which light from respective pixels on a display surface on which stereoscopic image information is input and displayed is observed through a light deflecting device. Control for controlling the respective light deflection angles of the set of the light deflecting elements and the light deflecting device corresponding to the pixels in accordance with the display timing at each pixel of the display device. A device is provided.

[0014]

In the stereoscopic display device constructed as described above, each pixel perceived by the observer to each of the eyes can be recognized through a set of light deflecting elements. The light deflection angle and the focal length of the set are controlled in accordance with the display timing of each pixel so that an image is formed at the original position.

Therefore, there is no need for tools such as glasses,
It becomes possible to configure the observer's eyes so that there is no inconsistency in the adjustment of the focal length.

Further, by providing a light deflecting device separately from the set of light deflecting elements, it is possible to change the focal length of the light deflecting element and the deflecting angle of the light deflecting device, thereby sharing functions. Will be able to do it.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention will be described below.

In the embodiment described below, the direction is such that the observer can easily feel a three-dimensional object. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the explanation will be made only in the plane 91 including both eyes of the observer.

However, the same is true in a direction 92 perpendicular to a plane including both eyes of the observer, and the gist of the present invention is also applied in this direction.

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a main part showing an embodiment of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

In FIG. 1, there is a flat display device 1a1 composed of, for example, a matrix type liquid crystal display device or the like.
7 and 1a8 are stacked and arranged.

Each of the light deflection element sets 1a7 and 1a8 is composed of, for example, two light deflection elements arranged adjacent to one pixel of the flat display device 1a1, for example. In the case of the light deflection element set 1a7, the light deflection element 1
a3 and 1a4, a set 1a8 of light deflecting elements
In the case of (1), the light deflection elements 1a5 and 1a6 are used.

The set 1a of such a light deflecting element
7, 1a8, it is possible to control the deflection angle of light passing through each light deflector, and also to have the function of a lens that can change the focal length by controlling convergence and divergence. I have.

Here, the set of light deflecting elements is a set of light deflecting elements 1a7 and 1a8 which are opposed to only two pixels 1a10 and 1a11 constituting a three-dimensional image, respectively. In the figure, a set of the light deflecting elements is arranged to face each pixel.

The specific configuration of the set of light deflecting elements will be described later in detail, but the light deflection and the lens focal length can be arbitrarily varied at the portions corresponding to the pixels.

In this case, the variation does not necessarily have to be made for each pixel, and it is needless to say that a plurality of pixels having an adjacent relationship may be made into one group, and the variation may be made for each group. .

The light deflecting elements 1a7, 1a
Each of the light deflection and the focal length of a8 is controlled by a control signal from the control signal generator 1a4.

The control signal generator 1a9, based on information obtained by detecting the distance to the object to be imaged by a camera (not shown), in synchronization with the display timing of each pixel, sets 1a7 of light deflecting elements corresponding to the pixel, The deflection angle and focal length of 1a8 are controlled.

At this time, as described above, when each of the sets of light deflecting elements is made to be a group of a plurality of pixels and can be changed for each group, the period of time during which the corresponding pixels are displayed is changed. Control is performed according to the timing.

FIG. 1B shows that the light from the pixels 1a10 and 1a11 passes through the light deflection element set 1a7 and 1a8 in the plane 91 including both eyes of the observer, respectively. This shows a state where the light enters the left eye, and shows that the image 1a15 is formed at the intersection of each light.

The three-dimensional display device having the above-described structure eliminates the inconsistency between the focusing operation of the eye and the binocular parallax or the convergence of the eyes as shown in FIGS. That is, the focus position is adjusted to the position of the three-dimensional image. As shown in FIG. 19, the necessity of performing such eye focus adjustment requires a point 1f1 or 1f2 on the object from the pupil 1f4 of the eye because the distance between the object 1f1 and the object 1f2 is different from the eye. This is because the solid angles (image-eye solid angles) are different.

In the conventional example shown in FIG. 21, FIG.
Although the binocular parallax (difference between the pixel image 1e2 and the pixel image 1e3) and the vergence angle 1e4 of the binocular with respect to the image 1e1 displayed as shown in FIG. Will be.

On the other hand, in the above-described embodiment, FIG.
As shown in the figure, the control signal generator 1a9 changes the deflection and the focal length of the set of light deflection elements 1a7 and 1a8 in accordance with the display of the pixels 1a10 and 1a11 of the flat display device 1a1, thereby changing the image stereoscopic effect. The angle 1a14 corresponding to the angle is set to be substantially equal to the solid angle at the position of the image 1a15 to be displayed.

The parallax and the convergence angle are changed by changing the deflection angle of the light deflection element set 1a7, 1a8 with respect to the light in accordance with the display of the pixels 1a10 and 1a11 of the flat display device 1a1 by the control signal generator 1a9. 1a11
Can be made equal to what occurs at the location of image 1a15.

From this, the contradiction between the focus adjustment effect of the eye and the binocular parallax or the convergence of both eyes, which has conventionally occurred, can be resolved. As a result, the eye factor which is a main factor for obtaining a stereoscopic effect can be solved. Focus adjustment, binocular parallax, and convergence of both eyes can be appropriately set, and natural stereoscopic vision can be realized.

In the above description, the case where the image 1a15 is displayed in front of the flat display device 1a1 has been described.
As shown in FIG. 1C, the same applies to the case where the image 1b15 is displayed behind the flat display device 1b1. That is, the pixels 1b10 and 1b of the flat display device 1b1
In accordance with the display of No. 11, a set of light deflecting elements 1b7 and 1b
By changing the focal length of b8, it is possible to make the angle 1b14 corresponding to the image-view solid angle substantially equal to the image-view solid angle at the position of the image 1b15 to be displayed, and to change the parallax and the convergence angle 1b16 to the position of the image 1b15. Can be equal to what occurs in

Embodiment 2 FIG . FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a structure in which a pair of light deflecting elements 2c7, 2c8 and a light deflecting device 2c10 are sequentially arranged on the observer side surface of the flat display device 2c1.

As described above, the sets 2c7 and 2c8 of the light deflecting elements
The provision of the light deflecting element 2c10 separately from the image deflecting element 2c10 and the light deflecting element 2c10, respectively, allows the image deflecting element 2c10 to display the angle 1b7 corresponding to the solid angle of the image. The image solid angle at the position 1b8 can be made substantially equal, and the parallax and the convergence angle 1b11 can be made equal to those generated at the position of the image 1b8.

Also in this case, the light deflector 1c corresponding to each pixel is synchronized with the display timing of each pixel.
The same is true for controlling the ten light deflections and the focal length of the light deflection device.

Embodiment 3 FIG . FIG. 4A is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

This figure is substantially the same as the structure shown in the second embodiment, except that the arrangement of the light deflecting element sets 2c7, 2c8 and the light deflecting element 2c10 is different.

That is, the light deflecting device 2b10 and the light deflecting element 2b7 are provided on the surface of the flat display device 2a1 on the observer side.
2b8 are sequentially arranged.

Also in this case, as shown in FIG. 4B, the control can be performed so that the image 2b15 can be formed on the back of the flat display device 2b1.

Embodiment 4 FIG . FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

Light transmittance control device 2 composed of a liquid crystal display device
The backlight (light source 1c1) incorporated in c13
The light deflector 1c17 and the light deflector 2c
7, 2c8 are different from each other.

That is, the light deflecting device 1c17 is arranged between the light source 1c12 and the light transmittance control device 2c13, and the light deflecting element sets 2c7 and 2c8 are arranged on the observer side of the light transmittance control device 2c13. It has become.

Embodiment 5 FIG . FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

Also in this embodiment, the arrangement of the light deflecting device 2c17 and the light deflecting sets 2c7 and 2c8 in relation to the backlight (light source 2c12) incorporated in the light transmittance control device 2c13 comprising a liquid crystal display device. Are different.

That is, between the light source 2c12 and the light transmittance control device 2c13, the light deflecting device 2c17 and the set of light deflecting elements 2c7, 2c8 are sequentially provided from the light source 2c12.
Are arranged respectively.

Embodiment 6 FIG . FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

Also in this embodiment, the arrangement of the light deflecting device 2c17 and the sets of light deflecting elements 2c7 and 2c8 is related to the backlight (light source 2c12) incorporated in the light transmittance control device 2c13 composed of a liquid crystal display device. Are different.

That is, a pair of light deflecting elements 2c7 and 2c8 are disposed between the light source 2c12 and the light transmittance control device 2c13, and the light deflector 2c17 is disposed on the observer side surface of the light transmittance control device 2c17. It has become.

Embodiment 7 FIG . FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

Also in this embodiment, the arrangement of the light deflecting device 2c17 and the set of light deflecting elements 2c7, 2c8 is related to the backlight (light source 2c12) incorporated in the light transmittance control device 2c13 composed of a liquid crystal display device. Are different.

That is, the light source 2c12 and the light transmittance device 2
A set of light deflecting elements 2c7 and 2c8 and a light deflecting device 2c17 are sequentially arranged between the light deflecting device cc and the light source 2c12.

Embodiment 8 FIG . FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

Also in this embodiment, the arrangement of the light deflecting device 1c17 and the set of light deflecting elements 2c7, 2c8 is related to the backlight (light source 2c12) incorporated in the light transmittance control device 2c13 comprising a liquid crystal display device. Are different.

That is, between the light source 2c12 and the light transmittance control device 2c13, the light deflecting device 2c17 and the set of light deflecting elements 2c7, 2c8 are sequentially provided from the light source 2c12.
Are sequentially arranged.

Embodiment 9 FIG . FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a main part showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, a set of light deflecting elements 1c7, 1c8 is disposed between them in relation to a backlight (light source 2c12) incorporated in a light transmittance control device 2c13 comprising a liquid crystal display device. The light deflecting device provided in the above embodiment is not provided.

In each of the embodiments described above, the set of light deflecting elements has been described as being composed of two light deflecting elements for one pixel. For example, the structure shown in FIG. It is needless to say that as shown in FIG. 11 as an example, a plurality of light deflection elements may be used.

Next, the details of the light deflecting device will be further described. Here, the configuration of the light deflecting device used in each of the above embodiments will be described below, but the same configuration is adopted for the light deflecting element in the set of light deflecting elements.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the light deflecting device. In the same figure, 3a1 is a point light source, 3a2 is a condenser lens, 3a3 is a rotating polygonal mirror which is a light deflecting element, 3a4 is a driving device, 3a5 is a light transmittance control device, 3a
Reference symbol a6 denotes a control signal generator, and 3a7 denotes an observer.

The parallel light obtained by placing the point light source 3a1 at the focal point of the condenser lens 3a2 is reflected by a polygon mirror 3a3 rotating by a driving device 3a4, and the reflected light is made incident on a liquid crystal display device 3a5. ing.

That is, the degree of deflection of light with respect to the liquid crystal display device 3a5 can be set by rotating the polygon mirror 3a3.

FIG. 13 is a structural view showing another embodiment of the light deflecting device. In the figure, there is a variable refractive index medium 3a, and transparent electrodes 3b1 and 3b2 are formed on both surfaces thereof. The reflector 3b4 is provided in the refractive index variable medium 3a.
Is arranged.

Here, the refractive index variable medium 3a is composed of, for example, a transparent medium containing liquid crystal or a PLZT electro-optical element, and the transparent electrodes 3b1, 3b2 are made of, for example, I
The reflector 3 is made of a TO film or a ZnOx film.
For b4, for example, a configuration using a mirror or total reflection is adopted.

By changing the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 3b3 by applying a voltage between the transparent electrodes 3b1 and 3b2, the refractive index of light incident on the variable refractive index medium from the outside changes. The direction of light refraction is 3 in the figure
b5 to 3b6, and the reflector 3b
The reflection angle at 4 also changes, and as a result, the direction of the emitted light can be changed from 3b7 to 3b8 in the figure.

FIG. 14 is a structural view showing another embodiment of the light deflecting device. In the figure, there is a variable refractive index medium 3c3, and transparent electrodes 3c1 and 3c2 are formed on both surfaces thereof.

The variable refractive index medium 3c3 is a transparent medium 3c4.
, And the input light guided to the waveguide 3c5 is input into the layered structure.

Here, the transparent electrodes 3c1 and 3c2 are made of, for example, an ITO film or a ZnOx film, and the variable refractive index medium 3c3 is made of, for example, a transparent medium containing liquid crystal or an electro-optical element such as PLZT. The medium 3c4 is made of, for example, glass or a polymer material.

When the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 3c3 is changed by applying a voltage between the transparent electrodes 3c1 and 3c2, the light propagating in the waveguide 3c5 is changed to the variable refractive index medium 3c3 and the transparent medium. The diffraction light corresponding to the period of the layered structure 3c4 is emitted in a direction corresponding to the inclination of the layered structure.

Since the intensity of the diffracted light changes according to the voltage applied to the transparent electrodes 3c1, 3c2, the direction of the emitted light can be changed, for example, from 3c7 to 3c8 in the figure.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the light deflecting device.

In the figure, a wedge-shaped transparent medium 3d4 and a variable-refractive-index medium 3d3 are stacked with their directions reversed.
The transparent electrodes 3d1 and 3d2 are attached to both surfaces of the laminate.

The transparent electrodes 3d1 and 3d2 are made of, for example, ITO.
A variable refractive index medium 3 composed of a film or ZnOx or the like.
d3 is made of, for example, a transparent medium containing liquid crystal, and the transparent medium 3d4 is made of, for example, glass or a polymer material.

In the light deflecting element thus configured, by applying a voltage to the transparent electrodes 3d1 and 3d2, the angle at which light is refracted at the boundary between the variable refractive index medium 3d3 and the transparent medium 3d4 changes. become.

For this reason, the direction of the emitted light can be changed from the direction 3d7 to the direction 3d8 as shown in FIG.

FIG. 16 (a) or (b) shows one of the divided partial elements 3e1-3en-3em.
It has a structure in which a plurality of lenses or pinholes 3e2 correspond to each other. 3e1 to 3e
By changing n to 3 em, the direction of light can be changed by the action of the lens or the pinhole 3 e 2.

In addition, it goes without saying that a mirror highly integrated by micromachining technology or the like can be used as an optical deflecting device that can obtain the same effect.

Embodiment 9 FIG . FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of a main part showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

In the figure, the difference from the configuration of each embodiment described above is that the focal length of the set of light deflecting elements and / or the deflection of the light deflecting device are unified only in the horizontal direction. That is what it is.

In such a configuration, the position of the focal point in the vertical direction is almost fixed.
The effects of simplification of the device and reduction of the amount of data will be significant.

In short, in this case as well, a plurality of adjacent pixels (pixels arranged in parallel in the vertical direction) are set to one.
Groups are formed, and the focal length adjusting lens and the light deflecting device corresponding to each group can be changed.

In the above embodiment, the flat display device 1a1
As described using a liquid crystal display device,
It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to an LED display device or a plasma display device.

[0087]

As described above, according to the three-dimensional display device of the present invention, it is possible to prevent inconsistency in adjusting the focal length of the observer's eye without using tools such as glasses. Become like

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of one embodiment of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the specification of a range according to an embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention for the sake of convenience.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a light deflecting device used in the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the light deflecting device used in the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the light deflecting device used in the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the light deflecting device used in the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the light deflecting device used in the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing an effect of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing an effect of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a conventional stereoscopic display device.

FIG. 21 is a configuration diagram illustrating another example of a conventional stereoscopic display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a1 flat display device, 1a7, 1a8 ... set of light deflecting elements, 1a9 ... control signal generator.

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-7-209594 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02B 27/22

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A system in which light from each pixel of a display surface on which stereoscopic image information is input and displayed is input to an observer via a set of light deflecting elements arranged in parallel. A stereoscopic display device comprising: a control device that controls a light deflection angle in a set of the light deflection elements corresponding to the pixel in accordance with display timing in each pixel of the display device. . 2. A set of light deflecting elements including light deflecting elements in which light from respective pixels on a display surface on which stereoscopic image information is input and displayed is input to an observer via a light deflecting device. A control device for controlling a light deflection angle of each of the set of the light deflection elements corresponding to the pixels and a light deflection angle of the light deflection device in accordance with display timing in each pixel of the display device. A three-dimensional display device. 3. The light from each pixel of the display surface on which stereoscopic image information is input and displayed is from a backlight provided at the back of the display surface, and the light from the backlight is juxtaposed. Is input to the observer side through a set of light deflecting elements composed of light deflecting elements, and the light deflecting element corresponding to the pixel is adjusted in accordance with the display timing in each pixel of the display device. A stereoscopic display device comprising a control device for controlling a set of light deflection angles. 4. The light from each pixel on the display surface on which stereoscopic image information is input and displayed is from a backlight provided on the back of the display surface, and the light from the backlight is juxtaposed. And input to the observer side via a light deflecting element set and a light deflecting device. The light deflecting element corresponds to the pixel in accordance with the display timing of each pixel of the display device. A stereoscopic display device comprising: a control device for controlling a light deflection angle of each of a set of light deflection elements and a light deflection device. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light deflection directions of the set of light deflection elements are included in a specific plane including both eyes of the observer. Or a three-dimensional display device as described above.