JPH0484817A - Digger for deep-rooted root vegetables such as yam - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent damage to root vegetables and breakage thereof by shaking out dug soil taken out from a digging hole using a digging chain and discharging the soil to the sideward of the hole by a function of the peripheral wall part of a cover. CONSTITUTION:A tractor (T) is driven and located so that a culturing row of root vegetables (P) may be straddled between a pair of chain digger units (b) and (b) mutually oppositely set to the right and left of the machine body (a). A drive shaft projecting from a mission case (M) to the right and left is driven while lowering the machine body (a) by operating a lift arm and the tractor (T) is moved forwards while operating a digging chain 38 of the digger units (b) and (b) in the clockwise direction. Thereby, a hole having a narrow width corresponding to that of the chain 38 is made by the digger units (b) and (b). Dug soil taken out by the chain 38 is then shaken out in the direction of rotation of the chain 38 at a position where the chain comes up from the ground surface and led to collide with the inner wall surface of a peripheral wall part 61 of a cover (e) surrounding the outside of the rotating path of the chain 38. The soil is reflectively introduced and discharged to the left and right outside of the machine body (a) beyond the upper part of the dug hole (W) far away.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a digging device for efficiently digging deep-rooted, soft root vegetables such as Japanese yam without causing breakage or damage.

An efficient way to dig up root vegetables by mechanical means is to use a trench excavator to dig deep trenches along the rows of root vegetables in fields where root vegetables are grown in rows. Then, there is a means to dig out the root vegetables by breaking up the soil around the root vegetables in the excavated trench, and a means to dig out the root vegetables by digging out the soil under the root vegetables cultivated in the field. By raising the root vegetables together with the soil towards the surface through the
There is a way to make root vegetables float above the ground.

However, in the former method, the root vegetables are dug up by digging them out by pushing the grooves around the root vegetables into a pre-formed excavation trench next to the cultivation row of the root vegetables. Having to use a trench excavator to excavate a wide excavation trench with a volume corresponding to the ridge, which requires a large amount of horsepower to drive the excavator and makes it difficult to break up the soil around the root crops into the trench. After taking the vegetables out, the root vegetables must be dug up by hand, so if the root vegetables have a roughly constant shape and are durable, such as burdock, it is fine, but if the root vegetables are hardy crops, such as yam, etc. In the case of soft crops that grow in irregular shapes and are easily damaged, in order to improve the efficiency of digging, it is recommended to dig the trench close to the roots of the root crops so that the digging ch 7 will not touch the roots of the crops. There is a problem in that it cannot be applied because it can be damaged by contact, and can break if pulled out forcibly, significantly reducing its commercial value. Additionally, the latter is well suited for crops that grow relatively shallowly underground, such as beets or potatoes, but is suitable for crops that grow deep underground, such as Japanese yam. In order to locate the excavator deep underground, which passes through the ground below the root, the support that supports the excavation direction is extended deep into the ground. When a long pole moves underground, it is subjected to a huge tractive resistance load, which requires a large amount of horsepower to drive, and there is a problem that the work cannot be done without the use of a large tractor with high horsepower.

In order to solve these problems, various studies and experiments were conducted, and the following findings were obtained.

That is, in order to pass a digging pile or a raised plate below the roots of deep-rooted vegetables, a pair of vertically long shanks that work deep into the ground are supported on the machine on the left and right, and the shanks are When supporting an excavator or a raised plate between the lower ends, a chain-type excavator is installed in front of the shank, and the part where the shank advances is
If it is excavated into a trench in advance or formed in a swollen and softened state, the long shank that supports the excavation or raised plate located deep underground can be used with almost no traction resistance. Assuming that there is no power to drive the excavation chain 7 of the narrow chain type excavator located in front of the shank, and the power to tow the excavation plate or the raised plate. It has become clear that excavation work can be carried out satisfactorily without the use of large tractors with high horsepower.

By the way, this means uses a chain-type excavator mounted on the machine body and positioned in front of the shank in order to create a state in which there is almost no traction resistance on the shank that supports the excavation target or the raised plate. In some cases, the direction of rotation of the excavation chain 7 is set to be opposite to the direction of rotation of the running wheels that drive one machine, and the machine is used to form grooves.

This means that if the field where root vegetables are grown is dry with light fog, the excavation check 7 should be rotated in the same direction as the rotating direction of the machine's running wheels during work. Then, the excavated soil excavated by the excavation chain is sent backward through the lower part of the rotating part on the lower end side of the excavation chain, and the groove excavated by the excavation chain is backfilled to form a continuous groove-like expanded part. It is possible to reduce the resistance by passing the shank through the area made soft by this excavation chain, but if the soil in the field where yam etc. is grown is clayey or has a high moisture content and is soft. In some cases, if the excavated soil excavated with a drilling chain is backfilled into the excavated and shaped trench, the resistance of the shank passing through the backfilled soil will increase, reducing the profit of excavating with a chain excavator. Therefore, the excavated soil excavated by the excavation chain is rotated in the opposite direction to the rotating direction of the traveling wheels of the machine during work.
This is because the shaft must be carried out to the ground surface, a groove with a width corresponding to the width of the excavation chain must be made, and the shank positioned at the rear must pass through this groove.

In this case, in order to make the formation of the trench more effective, measures should be taken to prevent the excavated soil carried to the ground surface by the excavation chain from flowing into the excavated trench and backfilling the trench.
Since an earth removal device such as an auger is required to transport the excavated soil to a position away from the trench, the power of the prime mover is used to drive this earth removal device, which increases the required horsepower.
The problem arises that the mechanism becomes complicated and costs increase.

The present invention has been made to solve this problem, and includes a shank that is formed long vertically and supported at the lower end of the digging plow or raised plate that acts deep underground.
In order to tow the shank with almost no traction resistance, a chain-type excavator is installed in front of the shank to form an excavation groove wide enough for the shank to pass through. In order to prevent the excavated soil excavated by the excavation chain of a chain type excavator and brought to the ground surface from flowing into the excavation trench formed by the excavation chain, the excavation A soil removal device installed to carry soil toward the side of an excavated trench can be effectively moved to the side without requiring driving power and with a simple mechanism. The purpose is to provide new means to equip the

In the present invention, as a means to achieve this object, a pair of vertically long shanks arranged on the left and right are mounted on a self-propelled or towed aircraft, and the left and right shanks are An excavation plate or a raised plate is supported between the lower ends, and a chain-type excavator is arranged and supported on the fuselage at a position in front of the shanks that overlaps each shank when viewed from the front. A cover is installed inside each of the chain-type excavators to enclose the inner side and outer circumferential side of the upper half of the rotation locus of the excavating chain of the chain-type excavator, and the cover encloses the outer circumferential side of the excavating chain. At least the ceiling portion of the peripheral wall portion is formed into a trumpet shape whose diameter gradually expands toward the outside, and the excavated soil carried to the ground by the excavation chain is guided to the outside of the excavation trench excavated by the excavation chain and discharged. The present invention proposes a device for digging deep-rooted vegetables such as Japanese yam, which is characterized by being formed into an earth removal device.

Next, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view of the main parts of an apparatus for digging up deep-rooted vegetables such as Japanese yam, in which the present invention can be carried out. Tractor T
A chain-type excavator is mounted on the machine body a in a pair arranged on the left and right, and b is a pair of chain-type excavators arranged on the left and right, although one is omitted in the drawing. C is one of the machines is omitted in the drawing. shank mounted on the machine body a so as to be arranged in a pair on the left and right and hang down at each rear position of the chain type excavator;
d is a raised plate (or excavation 9) supported between the lower ends of a pair of shanks cec on the left and right, e is a cover for a chain-type excavator, and f is an adjustment to change the inclination angle of the raised plate d. The figure shows a lifting device.

The tractor T, which is a towing vehicle, is a normal four-wheeled passenger tractor, and the rear side of the vehicle body L has a connection pitch of 10 and a pitch of P.
It is equipped with TOMII.

The above-mentioned body a connects the mast 20 on its front end side to the connecting hitch 10 via a three-point pitch consisting of the lower links 12, 12 and the top link 13, which are connected on the front end side. The lift arm 14, which is rotated up and down by a hydraulic device installed in the lower link 12.
The lift arm 14 is connected to the lift arm 14 so that it can be raised and lowered relative to the vehicle body l.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the fuselage a has a substantially rectangular frame shape in plan view, and has a mast 20 on the front end side.
The mast 20 is formed into a frame that stands up, and the rear ends of the left and right lower links 12-12 are connected to the left and right ends of the mast 20, and the top link 13 is connected to the upper end of the mast 20. By connecting the rear end portion, it can be connected and mounted to the rear side of the vehicle body 1 of the tractor T so as to be able to move up and down. The aircraft body a includes a front machine frame 2a that is integral with the mast 20 and on which a mission case M that houses a transmission mechanism is integrally mounted; A cylindrical support shaft 21 protrudes from both left and right sides of the
・It consists of a rear machine frame 2b which is connected so as to be able to freely rotate up and down about 21 (Fig. 4), and a front machine frame 2 of the rear machine frame 2b.
In a, the rear machine frame 2 is moved in and out by the movement of the piston rod 22a.
A hydraulic cylinder 22 is mounted for raising and lowering the rotor b with respect to the front machine frame 2a, and the hydraulic cylinder 22 is connected to a hydraulic circuit of a hydraulic system provided on the vehicle body l of the tractor T through a hydraulic hose 22b. , are connected via a control valve mechanism, and the tip of the piston row 22a is connected to a connecting member 23 provided on the rear machine frame 2b. Chain-type excavators bb are arranged in pairs on the left and right and mounted on the machine body a.
The shank C@C is mounted on the aircraft body a by being assembled to the left and right sides of the rear aircraft frame 2b.

As shown in FIG. 4, the chain-type excavator has a radial ring on the outer periphery of a cylindrical boss portion 31 that surrounds the drive shaft 30 and is rotatably fitted to the outer periphery of the aforementioned support shaft 21. The base end of a boom 32 that protrudes long in the direction is integrally connected via a bracket 32a, and a floating silver ring 33 is pivotally supported at the tip of the boom 32, and a support provided in the middle of the boom 32 in the form of a side branch. A floating silver ring 35 is pivotally supported at the tip of the rod 34,
This is a normal chain-type excavator in which a digging chain 738 equipped with a digging blade 37 is endlessly wound around these floating silver wheels 33-35 and a driving chain ring 36 fitted to the drive shaft 30. . And, the chain type excavator is
A cylindrical support shaft 21 whose base end boss portion 31 surrounds drive shafts 30, 30 that protrude left and right from the left and right sides of the mission case M mounted on the aforementioned front machine frame 2a, respectively.
・Each boss part 31 is rotatably fitted on the outer periphery of the rear machine frame 21, and these boss parts 31 are integrally connected to the left and right sides of the rear machine frame 2b, respectively, to be mounted on the machine body a. As a result, the rear machine frame 2b is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 22.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, by raising and lowering the front machine frame 2&, the rear machine frame 2b is raised and lowered around the drive shaft 30 together with the rear machine frame 2b. .

At this time, the pair of left and right shanks cec and the raised plate d supported between their lower ends are also attached to the drive shaft 3.
Rotates up and down around 0.

The excavating chain 738 of the chain-type excavator has an extremely narrow width that is slightly wider than the wall thickness of the shank C in the left-right direction during its excavating operation. And the excavation ch 73
8, the drive shaft 30 equipped with the drive silver wheel 36 is transmitted from the PTOM II of the tractor T through the universal joint shaft 16, the input shaft 15 provided on the front side of the transmission case M, and the transmission mechanism inside the transmission case M. By being driven and rotated by rotational power, the peach 1. -The direction of rotation of the excavation tip and engine 38 at this time is as follows.
In FIG. 1, it may be set either clockwise or counterclockwise, or one of these two directions may be selected as desired.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shank CTC is formed into a flat plate shape with narrow left and right widths and wide front and back widths, and its longitudinal direction is aligned with the boom of the chain excavator. 32, and is arranged at the rear of each of the chain type excavators b and b, and the upper end portions are assembled to the left and right sides of the rear end side of the rear machine frame 2b. By attaching them, each support is installed vertically on the aircraft body a,
A blade portion is formed on the leading edge as desired. When the upper end portions of the shanks C@C are assembled to the side surface of the rear machine frame 2b, as shown in FIG. Rino,
It occupies the center area on the left and right and is arranged in a ra-pu manner.

For this reason, a shank mounting bracket 40 is installed between the upper end of the shank C and the side surface of the rear machine frame 2b.

The raised plate d is formed into a flat plate shape that is thin vertically, wide horizontally, and long longitudinally, and has a shear formed at its front edge. Then, as shown in Fig. 2, the front edge is tilted slightly downward, and as seen from the front, it is within the interval between the chain-type excavators @bb-b mounted on the left and right pair of the machine body a. By arranging it at a position occupying the lower end of the interval, and connecting and supporting both left and right sides of the front and rear intermediate portions to the respective lower ends of the aforementioned pair of left and right shanks c@c. , is supported by the fuselage a via its shank c110.

At this time, as shown in FIG.
is arranged so as to be located rearward from the accompanying locus of the excavating action portion 38a of the excavating member 38a, and is supported on the lower end of the shank C''C.In this case, the main body of the raised plate d It is only necessary that the raised plate d be located rearward of the rotation locus of the portion 38a, and there is no problem in that the front edge of the raised plate d may slightly protrude forward from the rotation locus of the excavation ch 738.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, this raised plate d is located above the line of the lower edge of the lower end rotation part of the excavation action part 38a of the excavation chain 738 of the chain type excavator in a side view. It is arranged so that it is supported by the lower end of the shank C@C.

In this case as well, it is sufficient that the main body of the raised plate d is located above a line passing through the lower edge of the excavating part of the excavating ch 738, and the front edge is slightly above the lower edge of the excavating part. There is no problem with it protruding below the line passing through.

Further, the raised plate d may be in the shape of a rigid flat plate, but in the examples shown in Figs. Divided into front and rear parts at the rear part, the front half side 5a and the rear half side 5b
The lower end of the connecting rod 51 is connected to the rear half side 5b, and the upper end of the connecting rod 51 is connected to the upper end of the shank C. It is connected to an extension frame 52 provided by extending rearward from the connecting rod 51 via a lifting device f consisting of fitting holes 51a provided in series in the connecting rod 51 and connecting pins 53 selectively fitted into the fitting holes 51a. Therefore, the elevating and descending tl by this aging gear Mf
The IM5 allows the inclination angle of the rear half side 5b of the raised plate d to be adjusted as desired.

The adjustment means for changing the inclination angle of the raised plate d in a side view is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 when the upper end side of the shank C"C is assembled to the left and right side surfaces of the rear machine frame 2b. As shown in the figure, a support shaft 54 with one end protruding from both left and right sides of the rear machine frame 2b is rotatably mounted on the rear machine frame 2b. By fixing the upper ends of the shanks C and C, it is assembled to the left and right sides of the rear machine frame 2b so that it can freely rotate back and forth about the support shaft 54 by the rotation of the support shaft 54. , arms 55, 55 that protrude rearward are physically connected to the support shaft 54, and these arms 55, 55 and a rear extension part 56 provided on the rear machine frame 2b are connected to the rear extension part 56. By connecting via an elevating device f consisting of a threaded rod 58 that is pivotally supported to be freely rotated by the operation of a handle 57, and a female screw 59 that is screwed to the threaded rod 58 and supported by the arms 55, 55. By operating the elevating device f, the shank C-C may be rotated back and forth about the rotational fulcrum, thereby making it possible to adjust the overall inclination angle of the raised plate d in a side view.

The cover e is designed to prevent excavated soil that adheres to or is scraped up by the excavation ch 738 of the chain type excavator and carried upwards from the ground surface GL when the excavation ch 738 of the chain type excavator performs an excavation operation. A cover is used to prevent mud from scattering around the four sides, and the chain-type excavator 73 provided on both sides of the machine body a, during excavation operation, is a cover.
A partition wall 60 is provided at each inner position of the portion extending above the ground surface GL on the rotation locus of No.
A peripheral wall portion 61 protrudes outward so as to surround the outer periphery of the upper half of the rotation locus, and is formed into a case shape that is open on the outside and the bottom.

The cover e has its bulkhead 60 connected to the boss 31 of the chain excavator and the rear machine frame 2b of the machine body a.
By being integrally fixed to the outer surface of the machine body a, it is mounted on the machine body a, thereby preventing the excavated soil carried out by the excavation ch 738 onto the ground surface GL from scattering.

Therefore, the cover e has a peripheral wall portion 61 that is carried upward from the ground surface GL by the excavating chuck 738 and receives and stops the excavation ± swung out in the rotational direction of the excavating chuck 738.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the space Il is fixed to the outer surface of the left and right sides of the rear frame 2b of the fuselage a! Part 6
It is formed into a trumpet shape so as to gradually expand in diameter as it protrudes outward in the left-right direction of the machine body a from the peripheral edge of the excavation ch.
The ceiling portion of the peripheral wall portion 61 surrounding the outside of the upper circulating portion of the second rI! As shown in J, there is an inclined guide wall that slopes upward in the outward direction of the left and right direction of the machine body a, and reflects and discharges the excavated soil that collides with it outward in the left and right direction of the machine body a. It is as it should be. As a result, the circumferential wall portion 61 of the cover e, which serves as the inclined guide wall, is excavated by the excavation che 738, and the excavated soil carried upward from the ground surface GL and released is excavated and shaped by the excavation che 738. The earth removal device is designed to transport the soil to the outside of the excavation groove by exceeding the upper part of the excavation groove.

The embodiment device constructed in this manner operates as follows.

Drive the tractor T into the field where root vegetables P such as Japanese yam to be dug are grown, and carry out chain-type excavation 411bII, which is supported by a pair of left and right sides of the machine a.
The drive shaft 30 protrudes from the mission case M to the left and right by the operation of the PTO shaft 11 while lowering the machine a by operating the lift arm 14, with the drive shaft 30 positioned so that b straddles the cultivation rows of root vegetables P such as Japanese yam.・If the chain-type excavator b@b is operated by driving the chain-type excavator b@b so that the excavator chute 738 rotates clockwise in FIG. It penetrates into the ground while excavating and forming an excavated groove, resulting in the state shown in Figure 1.

Next, in this state, if the body of the tractor T is driven forward while operating the chain-type excavator so that its excavator ch 7 rotates in the above-mentioned direction, the left and right chain-type excavators bb excavate and form narrow grooves corresponding to the width of the excavation ch 738, and a pair of shanks C and C on the left and right move inside these excavated grooves, and these shanks The raised plate d supported between the lower ends of C It becomes like this.

As a result, the number of cultivated root vegetables P.
... is gradually raised up by the upper surface of the raised plate d together with the soil of the cultivation number, and comes to stand out on the ground surface.

A worker following behind the machine a, or a worker who has stopped the operation of the tractor T and gotten off the machine, can gently pull it out by hand, allowing the excavation work to be carried out.

In this excavation work, when the excavated soil excavated by the rotating excavation ch 738 and carried to the ground by the excavation ch 738 comes out above the ground surface GL,
It is swung out from the excavating chain 738 in the direction of rotation of the excavating chain 38 and collides with the inner wall surface of the peripheral wall portion 61 of the cover e that surrounds the outside of the rotation locus of the excavating chain 738, and
At least the ceiling portion of this peripheral wall portion 61 is formed into an inclined guiding wall that slopes upwardly toward the outside in the left-right direction, as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, a chain-type excavator has already excavated and shaped the excavation groove W, which is far above the excavation groove W being excavated and formed.
.

As a result, the excavated soil carried to the ground from the excavation groove W excavated by the excavation check 738 is moved by the swinging out by the rotation of the excavation check 738 and the peripheral wall portion 61 of the cover e forming the inclined guide wall. The soil is carried out to the side of the excavation groove W to be excavated and formed, and no special power is required for this removal.

As explained above, the device for digging deep-rooted vegetables such as Japanese yam according to the present invention is a chain-type excavator b@b in which the shank c@c supporting the raised plate d is mounted on the machine body a. By positioning it at the rear and supporting it on the fuselage, there is almost no traction resistance, and the chain-type excavator b
The excavated soil carried to the ground from the excavation groove W that is excavated and shaped by @b is shaken out by the rotation of the excavation ch 738, and the slope guidance is formed by the peripheral wall portion 61 of the cover e surrounding the excavation ch 738. Since the walls are used to guide the reflection to the sides of the excavated trench W and emit it,
A soil removal device that prevents excavated soil from flowing into the excavated trench W can be equipped without requiring special driving power, and it is possible to remove soft and easily damaged root vegetables such as Japanese yam, as well as deep-rooted vegetables. Digging can be carried out efficiently without requiring large horsepower and without causing damage or breakage to root vegetables.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of the main parts of the apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a rear view of the same device, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same device, FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway plan view of the main part of the same device with the rear machine frame raised and rotated, and FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway plan view of the same device. side view of parts of the device;
6 and 7 are explanatory diagrams of the rotational movement of the rear machine frame of the main part of the same as above, FIG. 8 is a side view of the main part of another embodiment of the same as above,
FIG. 9 is a rear view of the same as above, and FIG. 1O is an explanatory view of the operation of the means of the present invention. Explanation of drawing symbols T...Tractor M...Mission case P...Root crops a...Body b...Chain type excavator C...Shank d...Rising plate e... Cover f...lifting device
W... Excavation groove l... Vehicle body 10
...Connection hitch 11...PTO shaft 12.
,,Lower link 13...Top link 14.
...Lift arm 15...Input shaft 16...Universal join) M2a...Front machine frame 2b...Rear machine frame 20
...Mast 21°°° Support shaft 22...Hydraulic cylinder 22a...Piston rod 2b...Hydraulic hose 23...Connection member 0.
...Drive shaft 31...Boss part 2...Boom 32a...Bracket 3, 35...
Floating silver wheel 34... Support rod 6... Driving silver wheel
37...Drilling blade 8...Drilling chain 38a
...Drilling action part 0...Shank mounting bracket a...First half side 5b...Last half side 0...
Hinge 51... Connecting rod 2... Frame 53... Connecting pin 4... Support shaft
55... Arm 6... Rear extension part 57
...Nondol 8...Screw rod 59...
・Female thread O...Partition wall part 61...Surrounding wall part FIG. 1, FIG. 2, 11';

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A machine that moves by itself or is towed is equipped with a pair of vertically long shanks arranged on the left and right, and a digging plow or raised plate is installed between the lower ends of the left and right shanks. Chain-type excavators are arranged in front of the shanks at positions that overlap with the shanks when viewed from the front, and are supported on the machine body. A cover is installed to surround the inner side and the outer circumferential side of the upper half of the rotation locus of the excavating chain of the machine, and at least the ceiling portion of the peripheral wall portion of the cover that surrounds the outer circumferential side of the excavating chain is gradually moved outward. The yam is formed into a trumpet shape with an expanding diameter, and is formed into an earth removal device that guides and discharges the excavated soil carried above ground by the excavation chain to the outside of the excavation trench excavated by the excavation chain. Excavation device for deep-rooted root vegetables such as.