JPH0482938A - Sheet-formed material product - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject product having remarkable shape stability against external force applied from any direction and excellent tear propagation resistance, etc., by using a base material consisting of a woven fabric produced by crossing and integrating warps, wefts and right and left slant yarns. CONSTITUTION:The base material used in the objective product is a 4-axis woven fabric 5 produced by crossing and integrating warps 1a-1g, wefts 2a-2g, left slant yarns 3a-3f and right slant yarns 4a-4f. The ratio of the maximum value and the minimum value of the breaking elongation in the directions of 4 axes of the base is preferably 1.2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a highly functional sheet-like material product with no difference in tensile strength depending on the direction of tension. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sheet-like material product based on a four-axis fabric having tensile strength in four-axis directions.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, the majority of sheet-like material products based on textiles have been so-called biaxial textiles in which the warp and weft are orthogonal, commonly referred to as "textiles." Only in recent years has triaxial fabrics (US Pat. No. 3,446,251, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1983-132
260 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-150532), and those in which warp, weft, and diagonal yarns are integrated with knit loops (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-150532) are just beginning to be seen.

However, in the case of sheet-like material products based on biaxial fabrics, as a characteristic of biaxial fabrics, the fabric exhibits tensile function and reinforcing function in the axial direction, but Since no tensile force is exerted in the diagonal direction, that is, in the left and right bias direction, it is easily deformed by an external force applied in the bias direction, even if the external force is minute. That is, the dimensional stability and deformation resistance in the bias direction are extremely low. For this reason, there are many problems in fields where external forces are applied in all directions, such as flexible container bags, and this has been a major challenge in this field.

In addition, the following problems exist in sheet material products based on triaxial fabrics, which have a structure reinforced in the three axial directions of the weft direction and the left and right diagonal directions, so only a small number of them have been commercialized. It's nothing more than that.

That is, triaxial fabrics exhibit tensile strength in the weft direction and lateral diagonal direction, but do not exhibit tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of the fabric, that is, in the warp direction, because there are no reinforcing yarns. Therefore, it has no resistance at all to external forces applied in the warp direction, and is extremely poor in dimensional stability and deformation resistance. This means that the triaxial fabric has no resistance to tension applied in the longitudinal direction during post-processing, which induces width fluctuations, weft density fluctuations, etc.

As mentioned above, from the point of view of tensile strength in all directions, there are problems with conventional sheet-like material products using so-called two-wheeled fabrics and triaxial fabrics as base materials. Recently, a fabric in which threads intersect in four axial directions and a method for manufacturing the same (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63
92751), but if this fabric is used as it is as a sheet material product, sufficient functionality will not be exhibited.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The object of the present invention is to develop a sheet-like material product that has tensile strength not only in the warp and weft directions but also in all directions.

[Means to solve problems]

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies focusing on a fabric that can exhibit reinforcing performance equally in all four axial directions, and have arrived at the present invention.

That is, one aspect of the present invention is a sheet-like material product characterized in that the base material is a four-axis fabric in which the warp, weft, and left and right diagonal yarns are integrated by crossing. , the base material is a highly processed four-axis fabric in which the weft and left and right diagonal yarns are integrated by crossing, and the ratio of the maximum and minimum elongation at break in the four-axis direction of the base material. is 1.
The sheet-like material product according to claim 1, wherein the number of sheets is less than 2.

The yarn constituting the four-axis fabric used in the present invention may be made of any material and is not particularly limited. For example, polyamide fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber, wholly aromatic polyester fiber, vinylon fiber, sulfone fiber,
Synthetic fibers such as polyetherketone fibers, polyimide fibers, polyetherimide fibers, polyolefin fibers such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, cellulose fibers such as cotton and rayon, mineral fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, and ceramic fibers, metal fibers, etc. A thread consisting of the following can be used.

Yarn forms include filament yarn, bulky yarn, spun yarn,
These heated yarns, twisted yarns, cords, and mixtures thereof may be used, and the thickness is not particularly limited. Further, the yarn may be a ribbon, tape, braid, or a material obtained by cutting or splitting a film.

The yarn may contain various additives that are commonly used to improve productivity or properties in the manufacturing process or processing process of the yarn. For example, it may contain a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a smoothing agent, a plasticizer, a thickener, a pigment, a brightening agent, a flame retardant, and the like.

The four-axis fabric as used in the present invention refers to a fabric in which warp, weft, and four-axis yarns, right diagonal yarn and left diagonal yarn that cross diagonally with respect to these weft yarns, are woven and fixed together.

Each uncrossed thread of the four-axis fabric used in the present invention may be intersected each time it encounters another thread, intersected by two or more threads, simply sandwiched, or a combination of these, depending on the requirements of the base material. It may be configured as appropriate depending on the performance. Further, the density standard, basis weight, etc. are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose and mode of use.

The four-axis fabric used in the present invention can be appropriately selected, for example, from one having the structure described below.

(1) A four-axis woven fabric with a structure in which simply laminated double diagonal yarns are sandwiched between fully open warp and weft yarns.

(2) A four-uniaxial fabric with a structure in which simply laminated double-diagonal yarns are sandwiched between alternating open warp and weft yarns.

(3) A four-axis fabric with a structure in which simply laminated warp yarns and right diagonal yarns (or left diagonal yarns) are sandwiched between fully open diagonal yarns (or right diagonal yarns) and weft yarns.

(4) A four-axis fabric with a structure in which the warp threads are sandwiched between alternating diagonal threads and weft threads.

(5) A four-axis fabric with a structure in which the weft threads are inserted into the alternating openings of the diagonal threads and the warp threads.

(6) A four-axis fabric with a structure in which the right diagonal yarn and the left diagonal yarn, which perform one-sided shedding motion with different phase differences, have an integrated structure in which the weft is inserted into the opening created between the warp yarn.

Regarding the manufacturing method of the four-axis fabric used for the sheet-like material product of the present invention, for example, it can be woven by the following method (
Figure 5).

Of the left (4) and right (3) diagonal yarns that are fed out by the pair of upper and lower diagonal yarn traverse devices (7) and (8), the right diagonal yarn (3) located on the top side is moved by the diagonal yarn presser heald (6). Push it downward to create a shed between the warp (1) and the left diagonal thread (4) located on the bottom side, and insert the weft (2) into this opening to integrate the four threads. A four-axis fabric (5) can be woven. At this time, it is necessary to beat the reed with the left and right diagonal threads arranged, so a pair of front and rear comb-like reeds θ0) is used to insert and remove the comb-like reed into the warp group. A technique is used in which the weft yarns are alternately and repeatedly conveyed to the fabric front.

The fabric woven by the above method has a structure in which the warp, weft, and either the left or right diagonal yarn are integrally joined by the other diagonal yarn.

The base material used in the present invention is a four-axis fabric that has been chemically and physically highly processed, that has its intersections sealed, or that has been coated or laminated with a resin composition or a rubber composition on one or both sides. It may be a composite or a four-axis fabric itself.

Furthermore, the base material may be formed of one layer or may be formed of two or more layers.

Here, in the case of multiple layers, each layer may be the same or different types, and this does not matter.

Since the sheet-like material product based on the four-wheeled fabric of the present invention is constructed as described above, it has isotropic strength and elongation in all directions compared to products based on conventional fabrics. It has the following characteristics.

■ Effective strength utilization and deformation resistance against external forces are improved.

■ Prevents tear propagation and improves resistance to breakage from protrusions such as key tears.

■ Improves the strength utilization rate of sewn or welded parts.

■ There is a great possibility of reducing the area weight.

■ Improved adaptability to curved shapes and improved burst resistance.

In this way, it can exhibit extremely superior mechanical properties compared to conventional biaxial woven fabrics, triaxial woven fabrics, and even multiaxial multilayer knitted fabrics integrated with knit loops. Therefore, the sheet-like material product using the above-mentioned four-axis fabric as a base material has extremely high functionality not seen in previous products.

More preferred sheet material products of the present invention include:
When pressure is applied from either side of the sheet-like base material, the warp, latitude, and both biases (45°) of the sheet-like material
The base material is a sheet-like material with excellent form stability (dimensional stability), in which the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the elongation at break of the sheet-like material that changes in each of the four directions is less than 1.2. Non-clothing products such as flat, curved, and bag-shaped products are used as

If the ratio between the maximum and minimum elongation at break is 1.2 or more,
It has poor shape stability and cannot meet the required performance.

In addition to the above-mentioned ``shape stability (dimensional stability)'', ``tear propagation prevention performance, ``rupture resistance performance,'' and ``improvement of the strength utilization rate of sewn or welded areas, etc., are particularly desirable for sheet-like material products in fields where flat surfaces are particularly desired. For example, there are sheets for embankment reinforcement methods, sheets for soft ground surface treatment methods, etc., and typical sheet material products such as air bags and flexible container bags for bags. There are many products available.

A civil engineering stabilizing sheet that requires uniform directional physical properties, such as soft ground surface treatment methods and embankment reinforcement methods, is a civil engineering sheet that has a tensile strength of at least 100 kg/3 cm width in all four directions.

The sheet may be made of gray material depending on the required performance, but it may be dipped in a resin liquid or rubber liquid to improve abrasion resistance, scratch resistance, troughability, and intersecting points of the structure, etc. And, after weaving using yarn coated with heat-fusible resin etc., the intersection points of the structure are fixed by thermo-compression bonding, and the surface is coated with water repellent, acid-resistant and alkali-resistant agents. Items that have been subjected to high-order processing such as processing are more suitable depending on the purpose of use.

Sheet materials used for hacks that require isodirectional properties, such as air bags and flexible container hacks, have a density of 10 fibers/inch or more, and the required physical properties are tensile strength (strip method) in all four directions. at least 30
The base material is a quadriaxial fabric with excellent tear strength and elongation at break of kg/c+n or more.

Note that the sheet materials used for these hacks can be provided in the form of gray fabric or scouring cloth, but rubber such as chloroprene rubber may be used to improve the airtightness, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, etc. of the surface. Depending on the application, the surface of the coating layer is coated with silicone paste or talc to improve scratch resistance, flexibility, easy extensibility, etc., and coated with water and chemical resistance to improve weather resistance. This product has undergone high-level processing such as coating with an ultraviolet absorber.

[Example] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to Examples. Note that the performance evaluation method is as follows.

(1) Mechanical performance of sheet-like material Tensile strength and elongation at break were measured according to JIS L-1096.

(2) Bag expansion performance Expansion test (bursting pressure) is performed by installing the air bag (11) into the bag attachment port of the bursting test device shown in Figure 6 using Pol l-0.
5), open the air injection valve and inject compressed air θω adjusted to 2 kg - f / c + fl into the air bag (11) at a flow rate of 90 fi per minute, causing it to expand and explode. Inject compressed air until Reads the maximum internal pressure of the bag at the time of rupture.

Example 1, Comparative Example 1 Three strands of polyester 1500d were twisted together as warp and weft yarns, and a processed yarn was dip-coated with soft vinyl chloride resin.In addition, eight strands of polyester 800d were twisted together as left and right diagonal yarns, and further treated with soft vinyl chloride resin. Using processed yarns dip-coated with vinyl resin, these processed yarns are arranged in four directions: warp, weft, left and right diagonally at 45 degrees, and the density is 3/inch in the warp and weft directions, and 2.12 in both diagonal directions. Book/
A four-wheeled fabric (one with a structure in which the left and right diagonal threads are simply intersected and sandwiched between the warp and weft to make the weaving integral) was obtained. Next, in order to improve the troughability of the fabric, the fabric is heat-pressed from both sides with a hot roll to form a coarse lattice-like sheet with fixed intersecting points of structure (
A mesh spacing of approximately 8 mm was obtained.

The tensile strength in the four axial directions of the sheet is used as a substitute characteristic value that indicates the durability against the tensile action in all directions that the sheet is subjected to in the embankment when the obtained sheet is laid in the embankment. and the elongation at break were measured.

As a result, the tensile strength is 150 to 160 kg- in all directions.
It was confirmed that the width was in the range of f/3CTI1, and the elongation at break was in the range of 13 to 15% in all directions, and that it had isotropy with excellent mechanical properties.

Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 1 except that there is no left and right diagonal yarn (
A normal coarse woven fabric, a so-called biaxial coarse woven fabric, was woven with the same structure.

Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, after fixing the intersection points of the tissues, the mechanical properties were measured. As a result, the tensile strength was 150 to 160 kg in the weft and weft direction and f/3 cm width, whereas the bias strength without reinforcement was The direction was extremely low at 15 to 25 kg-f/3 cm width. Furthermore, while the elongation at break was in the range of 13 to 15% in the weft and weft directions, it showed significant deformation of 50% or more.

In addition, it showed almost no resistance to tension in the bias direction, and the fixed resin at the intersections of the structures was destroyed, making it impossible to maintain the shape of the intersections.

As described above, compared to the conventional sheet for embankment reinforcement method based on so-called biaxial fabric, which has no resistance to tensile force in the bias direction without reinforcement and deforms greatly, Example 1 This can be said to be a temporary improvement.

Furthermore, in the sheet-like material obtained in Example 1, no peeling was observed at the intersections of the structures.

Example 2, Comparative Example 2 Nylon 66.840d was used as the warp and weft, and nylon 66.1.260d was used as the left and right diagonal threads, and these threads were arranged in four directions: warp, weft, and left and right diagonally at 45 degrees. Its density is 25 wood/inch in longitudinal and latitudinal directions, and 17 wood/inch in both diagonal directions.
．． 70 g/rff of chloroprene rubber was applied to one side of a four-axis woven fabric (with left and right diagonal threads simply intersecting and sandwiched between the warp and weft and woven together) with 68 threads/inch.
Two sheets of base material coated with a basis weight of
A perfectly circular bag with a diameter of φ was sewn and tailored.

As a result of temporarily sealing the exhaust hole (vent hole) of this sewn bag and conducting an inflation test on the bag, an almost uniform perfect circular shape was obtained in all directions, and air injection was continued. As a result, 4.3 kg-f
It was able to withstand extremely high internal pressures of /cffl. Furthermore, no tear propagation phenomenon was observed near the hole in the bolt installation, which is the area of failure, and the failure ended with localized failure, which is different from conventional products.

As Comparative Example 2, an airbag base material was produced in the same manner and under the same conditions as Example 1 using a so-called biaxial fabric woven with exactly the same configuration as Example 1 except for the absence of left and right diagonal threads. Above, two base materials were overlapped in the same axial direction and sewn into a hang shape.

The obtained bag was subjected to a stretching test in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, and as a result, the bag, sewn in a perfect circle, was stretched into a rectangular shape with corners at the four corners. This is a phenomenon due to the difference in elongation of the base material between the weft and weft directions and the unreinforced diagonal direction, and is a defect in terms of protecting the human body.

Moreover, the pressure resistance was 2.3 kg-f/crR, which was about 2 level compared to Example 1. Furthermore, in the case of bolt attachment, a tear propagation phenomenon of a long key tear was observed in the vicinity of the fracture site, and a decrease in functionality was observed in all aspects compared to Example 1.

As is clear from the above results, the air bag obtained in Example 2 is superior in all functional aspects to the conventional air bag (Comparative Example 2) made of so-called biaxial fabric.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The sheet-like material product of the present invention exhibits remarkable morphological stability against external forces applied to the product from all directions, including warp, weft, and both diagonal directions.

In addition, tear propagation prevention performance, burst resistance performance, and improved strength utilization of sewn or welded parts have been achieved.
For flat and curved products, it becomes possible to expand into fields that were previously not applicable.

In addition, for bag-shaped products, we are improving loading efficiency, multi-stage loading,
It is extremely useful, as it makes it possible to prevent damage accidents.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of the sheet-like material product of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line x-x' in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an expanded state of an air bag, which is a sheet-like material product of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a stretched state of a flexible container bag. FIG. 5 is a side view of an apparatus schematically explaining the weaving state of a four-axis fabric. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a device for measuring the burst pressure of an air bag. 1a to 1g... warp, 2a to 2f...
Weft, 38-3f, old... Lower side diagonal, 4a-4f.
...Right diagonal thread on the top side, tail ...4-axis woven fabric, 6
...Heald needle, 7...Upper diagonal thread traverse device, End...Lower diagonal thread traverse device, 9...
... Warp guide roll, IO ... Comb-shaped reed,
11...Air bag, 12...Pressure gauge, 13...Recorder, 14...Air injection valve, 15...Mounting bolt , 16...
··Compressed air. Patent applicant: Asahi Kasei Industries, Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A sheet-like material product characterized in that the base material is a four-axis fabric in which the warp, weft, and left and right diagonal threads are integrated by crossing. 2. The warp, weft, and left and right diagonal threads are integrated by crossing, and the base material is a highly processed four-axis fabric, and
A sheet material product characterized in that the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value of the elongation at break in the four axial directions of the base material is less than 1.2.