JP2011508829A - Fabric construction with improved high-speed impact performance - Google Patents

Abstract

  A fabric of yarn for the manufacture of an impact projectile resistant or puncture resistant article, the fabric having a first plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in the plane of the fabric, the first in the plane of the fabric. Interwoven with a second plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in the plane of the fabric, having a direction / orientation different from the direction / orientation of the plurality, wherein any fiber yarn of the first plurality and the second A fabric in which a plurality of fiber yarns intersect to form a pair of acute vertical angles having a measurement angle of less than 90 degrees.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fabric construction and a flexible protective garment made therefrom.

  Protective protective clothing (such as those that protect against shock and stab-type threats) have long been a very interesting area. One challenge in the production of protective clothing is that certain wearables may be exposed in the field while minimizing the weight (or surface density) of the protective clothing so as not to interfere with the wearer's agility. It should be well protected from threats.

  To characterize the ability of any armor material to protect against impact projectile threats (such as deformable bullets and non-deformable shrapnel), the surface density and size of the material and the nature of the projectile (mass, hardness, shape) Etc.), it is necessary to measure some impact speed limit. One common impact limit performance criterion is impact V50, the speed at which protective clothing can block 50% of projectiles. Specific test and calculation procedures for determining V50 for protective clothing are outlined in the National Institute for Justice (NIJ) Standard-0101.04 Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armor (September 2000). Minimize blunt trauma associated with ballistic impact in concealable body armors worn by police officers, guards, and guards, beyond the ability of protective clothing to prevent projectile penetration There is a further safety requirement described in NIJ Standard-0101.04. This standard specifies test procedures and performance requirements for the acceptable level of blunt trauma by measuring backface signatures associated with high-speed impact of protective clothing placed on clay witness simulation materials. Briefly. In NIJ Standard-0101.04, the allowable back deformation amount is defined as 44 mm or less of clay evidence (Roma Plastina clay, depth of clay evidence 5.5 inches (140 mm)).

  NIJ Standard-0101.04 specifies impact requirements specific to various types of projectiles and impact energy levels. Three common NIJ threat levels for flexible protective clothing are threat levels II, IIA, and IIIA. Threat level II is high speed 357 Magnum bullet (10.2 g (158 gr)) and 9 mm bullet (8.0 g (124 gr)) (impact velocity less than about 1400 ft / s (427 m / s) and 1175 ft / s, respectively) (Less than 358 m / s)). Level IIA is a low-speed 40 S & W caliber full metal jacket bullet with a nominal mass of 11.7 g (180 gr), and a 9 mm 8.0 g (124 gr) bullet (impact velocity) Less than about 1025 ft / s (312 m / s) and less than about 1090 ft / s (332 m / s), respectively). Threat level IIIA is associated with 15.6 g (240 gr) of 44 Magnum bullets and submachine gun 9 mm (124 gr) bullets (impact velocity is less than about 1400 ft / s).

  While the above impact performance requirements can be met using any of several commercially available impact resistant materials or combinations of such materials, the challenge of manufacturing a flexible protective garment is an acceptable safety Select and place the impact layer needed to prevent penetration at the limit and minimize back deformation, and minimize the weight, size and stiffness of the protective clothing to improve comfort It is to suppress.

  Commercially available impact resistant materials include various woven impact fiber yarn fabrics, impact fabric reinforced composites, unidirectional laminates of impact fibers and nonwovens. Of these various structures, woven fabrics made from high strength fiber yarns have the longest history of use in the production of flexible protective clothing. Weaving has long been a relatively inexpensive method for uniformly creating impact-resistant fabric plies from high-strength fiber yarns, which are chemically fixed by an adhesive resin (in which case, further Rather than relying on the yarn to be intertwined or "interlaced" to hold the yarn in place, rather than weight and stiffness can be provided to the garment. Flexible protective garments made of impact resistant fabrics are very often more closely fitted and flexible in use, and therefore have a hard back control layer such as a unidirectional fiber laminate or a resin impregnated fabric. It provides better comfort than the hybrid armors it contains. In addition, impact resistant garments made entirely of woven high-strength fiber yarns have been shown to remain impact resistant even after being used and worn for years. An alternative to an impact-resistant vest that is all woven is available on the market. Such articles are often made with a combination of high-strength fibers, matrix resin, and film, which often increases manufacturing costs. In addition, because of the structural materials that have temperature and strain dependent physical properties (eg, thermal expansion coefficient, modulus, etc.) that are different from the physical properties of the impact fiber, such composite layers are made of selected materials. Often has a useful life determined by the weakest points.

A typical woven biaxial impact resistant fabric (a fabric consisting of interwoven and interwoven yarns with two yarn orientations in the fabric plane) is produced on an automatic loom. Such a weaving operation creates a woven fabric in which the interwoven weft fiber yarns are offset by 90 degrees with respect to such yarns in the warp direction (ie, flow direction). The nature of the fabric is highly dependent on four basic variables (yarn denier, yarn count, weave and fabric finish). There are several styles of fabric including plain weave, satin weave, twill weave, basket weave and leash weave. Meeting the minimum impact performance requirements using only the fabric described above is a challenge for impact garment manufacturers. A number of low-cover-factor (loosely woven) impact-resistant fiber yarn fabrics provide impeccable V50 performance at the desired areal density (the best made from it is abbreviated to NIJ Standard-0101.04) It can be shown that the projectile is prevented from penetrating the vest material many times even at speeds that are definitely above the limit stated), but does not provide sufficient back deformation resistance. Conversely, when using a high-cover factor (more densely woven) impact-resistant fiber yarn fabric with the same best areal density, the back surface deformation performance is improved, but the V50 performance is often significantly reduced, Sometimes the speed of NIJ Standard-0101.04 required for back trace measurement is not reached. All are p-aramid fiber yarns (such as those sold under the trade name Kevlar® or Twaron®), which are of Level IIIA for 44 Magnum bullet impact hazards of NIJ Standard-0101.04 Woven fabric vests with an areal density of less than 1 lb / ft ² that can meet the back requirements are currently not commercially available.

  One common method of reducing the back trace of a flexible protective garment is to include a hard ply of high strength fibers or a fabric reinforced resin composite ply to prevent deformation upon impact. This can be accomplished by bonding a polymer film to the woven impact fabric or applying a polymer coating, or bonding two woven impact fabric layers using a low melt temperature polymer film or pressure sensitive adhesive. Including an impact resistant ply that can be added to an impact protection garment structure (to improve the back trace), which is disclosed in WO 00/08411, US Pat. 677,029, and US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0109188. Resin or elastomer impregnated impact fiber fabrics are another type of composite ply that is added to the impact vest structure to improve impact back trace. The addition of such layers has been shown to improve the back trace performance of protective clothing material, but can often have a negative impact on V50 performance. In addition, the resin increases the weight and stiffness of the impact vest combination.

  A first plurality of parallel oriented high strength fibers in a polymer matrix are adhesively bonded to a second plurality of parallel oriented high strength fibers in a polymer matrix; A unidirectional fiber laminate in which the orientation of the second plurality of fibers is often offset by 90 degrees relative to the orientation of the first plurality is a common that can control back trauma well while maintaining safe V50 performance It has become an impact resistant material. Methods for making such unidirectional fiber laminates are generally described in US Pat. No. 4,916,000; US Pat. No. 4,748,064; US Pat. No. 4,737,401; U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,792; U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,710; U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,574; U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,392; Described in US Pat. No. 4,543,286; US Pat. No. 4,501,854; US Pat. No. 4,457,985, and US Pat. No. 4,403,012. Yes. Such unidirectional laminates are available from Honeywell International, Inc. From Spectra Shield® Plus Flex and Gold Flex ™, and from DSM under the trade name Dyneema® UD. While such unidirectional fiber laminates can be used alone to provide impact protection, as shown in US Pat. No. 6,119,575, such materials are woven into impact fiber yarn fabrics. It has been shown that when used in combination, the surface density can be further reduced without degrading performance.

  The performance improvement associated with using a composite layer of unidirectional fibers or fabric and resin in the vest is seen in US Pat. No. 6,119,575, as discussed in US Pat. No. 6,119,575. Can depend greatly on its position. In many instances documented, such a stiffer composite layer is placed behind a conventional impact fabric to optimize the back trace and V50 performance. Because of this “sidedness”, such a hybrid impact vest structure can be inadvertently worn inside out or inserted wrongly into a tactical vest, thus projectile threat Protection from sub-optimal is not optimal. Thus, a monolithic structure (consisting of exactly the same impact-resistant material plies) or equivalent impact resistance in the front and back is valuable.

There is a need for a lightweight protective garment that is an all-woven fabric that can reduce blunt trauma associated with high speed impact. Prior to the advent of the biaxial (invented) interwoven fiber yarns and flexible protective garment structures of the present invention described herein, comprising interwoven fiber yarns having two distinct orientations in the fabric plane, As documented, the rear requirements for a 44 caliber deformable projectile of NIJ Standard-0101.04 (back signature of less than 44 mm at a projectile speed of 1430 ± 30 ft / s (436 ± 9 m / s)) There was no all-woven p-aramid fabric impact protective garment that filled and had an areal density of less than about 1 lb / ft ² .

  According to one embodiment, the present invention is a biaxial fabric woven from yarns for producing impact projectile resistant articles or puncture resistant articles, wherein the biaxial fabric is in a fabric plane. A first plurality of parallel oriented yarns, wherein the first plurality has a direction / orientation different from the direction / orientation of the first plurality in the fabric plane, A pair of acute angles that are interwoven with the second plurality and have a measurement angle of less than 90 degrees between any fiber yarn of the first plurality and the second plurality of fiber yarns; The invention relates to a biaxial fabric woven from yarns for forming impact projectile resistant articles or puncture resistant articles.

  In another embodiment, the present invention is a compound selected from the group comprising aromatic polyamide, polyolefin, polyareneazole, polyester, rayon, liquid crystal polymer, glass fiber, carbon fiber, ceramic, polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl alcohol. An impact projectile resistant or puncture resistant multilayer article made from a combination of a plurality of substantially non-adherent nonwoven or woven fabric layers comprising yarns selected in or in combination, At least one layer of a biaxial fabric comprising a first plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in the fabric plane, wherein the first plurality of yarns is in a direction different from the direction / orientation of the first plurality of bodies in the fabric plane. / Interwoven with a second plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in a fabric plane having an orientation, wherein any of the first plurality Fiber yarn of 維糸 a second plurality body is a biaxial fabric to form a pair of acute vertical angles measured angle of less than 90 degrees to intersect relates to a multilayer article.

1 is an example of a prior art woven fabric. It is the image which expanded one embodiment of the impact-resistant fabric structure of this invention. Fig. 2 illustrates the production of a bias-oriented fabric strip from a roll of conventional woven fabric. Figure 3 shows a fabric cut from the roll shown in 3A fixed to a rhombus trellising instrument. Fig. 3 shows a fabric fixed and stretched on a rhombus latticed instrument.

Glossary of terms for this specification Acute angle-angle less than 90 degrees in magnitude

  Woven fabric-comprising a plurality of unidirectionally oriented fiber yarns interwoven with a second plurality of yarns oriented in a direction different from the direction of the first plurality Fabric. The first plurality of parallel yarns aligned in the flow direction is called warp yarn. Interwoven yarns oriented at 90 degrees to the warp yarn are called weft yarns or weft yarns.

  Bias woven or biased fabric-X in the fabric plane when oriented in the XY plane of the fabric, where X is the flow direction (length) and Y is the transverse direction (width) And a woven or knitted two-dimensional fabric comprising interwoven yarns oriented in a direction different from the Y axis.

  Bias orientation-two comprising a plurality of yarns oriented in one direction in the fabric plane interwoven with a second plurality of yarns having a different orientation than the first. In a shaft fabric, a direction parallel to an arbitrary ray that bisects an arbitrary angle formed between a fiber of a first plurality of yarns and a fiber of a second plurality of yarns.

  Unidirectional fiber layer—a layer having fibers arranged substantially parallel along a common fiber direction.

  Composite fabric ply-one woven fabric layer and at least one second layer (which may be another fabric layer, a unidirectional fiber layer, a polymer film, a polymer resin impregnated in a fabric construct, etc.) A combination of One woven fabric layer can be bonded to the second layer by sewing, melt adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive, compression molding, coating, and the like.

  Complementary angle—Two angles are called complementary angles when the sum of their measured angles is equal to 180 degrees. One of the complementary angles is said to supplement the other.

  Vertical angle-In any two intersecting lines (rays) as in the following figure, angle A and angle B are called vertical angles. The vertical angle has the same measurement angle. Angle C and angle D are also vertical angles

  Trellis angle-biaxial fabric, an acute angle formed between any two yarns with different orientations in the fabric plane, knitted biaxial construction in either bias direction Observed in or realized by in-plane extension of a biaxial woven structure.

  Trellis direction-a direction parallel to a line that bisects the acute vertical angle.

  Cover factor-the proportion of the surface area of the fabric covered by the yarn, assuming a round yarn shape.

  The V50-V50 impact limit test is a statistical test originally developed by the US military to evaluate rugged armor. In the V50 test, the velocity at which the probability that a bullet penetrates the test object is 50 percent is determined experimentally.

  Back Trace (BFS)-Depth of indentation in the backing created by impact of a projectile that does not penetrate. The back signature is measured from the plane defined by the front end of the backing fixture. According to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Standard-0101.04 personal protective clothing's impact resistance (Ballistic Resistance of Personal Body Armor), it is allowed to exceed the limit of 44 mm. Not.

  The present invention, in various embodiments, is a novel class of impact resistant fabric construction, and impact layers and multilayer protective garment structures made therefrom (improvement of impact back surface deformation over conventional woven impact fabrics). ). One embodiment of the present invention involves creating an impact fabric construction that can provide a protective garment with significant back trace improvements that were never realized with conventional impact fabrics. A second embodiment of the present invention is to create a balanced impact layer from an impact fabric construction for a protective clothing combination. A third embodiment of the present invention is to produce a special multilayer vest structure incorporating the impact fabric construction of the present invention.

  A first embodiment of the present invention can be described with initial reference to FIG. 1, which shows a prior art example of a woven fabric 10. This figure shows an enlarged example of a plain weave structure comprising multifilament yarns, the intersection of a first set 1 (indicated by X) of yarns whose directions are parallel in the fabric plane. Are interlaced with a second set 2 (shown by line Y) of yarns that are parallel in the fabric plane and offset 90 degrees from that of the first set. Angles A to D are formed by the intersection of the first set of yarns and the second set of yarns, each having a size of 90 degrees. Line L is shown as bisecting angles A and B.

  A first embodiment of the present invention is a woven fabric construction comprising a first plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in a fabric plane, wherein the first plurality is in the fabric plane. And interwoven with a second plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in the plane of the fabric and having a direction / orientation different from the direction / orientation of the first plurality of fibers and the second plurality of fibers The yarns intersect to form a pair of acute vertical angles having a measurement angle of less than 90 degrees and a pair of obtuse vertical angles having a measurement value greater than 90 degrees (complementing the aforementioned acute angle). A woven fabric construction. An array 10 'of impact fabrics of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, wherein a first plurality of parallel threads 1' (shown by line X ') oriented in the fabric plane are A first plurality 1 comprising a second plurality 2 '(shown by line Y') of parallel yarns in a fabric plane having an orientation different from that of the plurality; A pair of vertical angles are formed in the fabric plane by the intersection of the arbitrary fiber yarns of 'and the arbitrary fiber yarns of the second plurality 2', and the measured angles of the acute vertical angles A 'and B' are equal and 90 The measured angles of the obtuse vertical angles C ′ and D ′ are equal and greater than 90 °. The fabric of the present invention can be realized by stretching the original fabric in the lattice direction, as will be described below with reference to FIGS. For purposes of this disclosure, Applicants have determined that the orientation or lattice extension direction of such fabrics is a line L ′ that bisects the acute vertical angle across angles A ′ and B ′, as shown in FIG. It will be expressed as a parallel direction.

  The scope of the present invention is similar to the interlacing in the plain weave fabric shown in FIG. 1, interwoven in an alternating structure with every other thread as shown in FIG. The structure is not limited to a thread structure. On the contrary, the scope of the present invention is that a unidirectional yarn in the fabric plane alternately traverses above or below two or more adjacent yarns oriented in the second direction in any particular repeating pattern conceivable. Including, for example, satin weave (3 harness satin weave, 4 harness satin weave (crow's foot), 5 harness satin weave, 8 harness satin weave, etc. Non-limiting), but not limited to, fabric constructions that can be constructed by stretching in the bias direction of basket weave and twill construction.

  The fiber yarn used to construct the impact resistant construction described in this disclosure will have a tensile strength greater than about 8 g / denier, more preferably greater than about 12 g / denier. In one embodiment of the invention, the fibers in the fabric yarn will be made of an aromatic polymer material. As an aromatic polymer, aromatic polyamide (EI du Pont de Nemours and Company (Wilmington, DE) (DuPont) is sold under the trade name Kevlar (registered trademark), and Twaron (registered trademark) is available from Teijin. ) And other poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide) and p-phenylene benzobisoxazole (available from Toyobo) sold under the trade name Nomex (registered trademark) PBO), polybenzoxazole, and polybenzothiazole. Other aromatic polymers include aromatic unsaturated polyesters (such as polyethylene terephthalate), liquid crystal thermotropic polyesters (such as those sold under the trade name Vectran (registered trademark) available from Kuraray), aromatic polyimides, There are aromatic polyamide imides, aromatic polyester amide imides, aromatic polyether amide imides and aromatic polyester imides. Copolymers of any material of the type described above can also be used.

  Another impact grade fiber yarn that could be used to fabricate such a woven construction having a strength greater than 12 g / denier is commercially available from DSM under the trade name Dynamea®. And polyolefins (particularly high molecular weight polyethylene), high molecular weight polypropylene and copolymers thereof, commercially available from Honeywell International under the trade name Spectra (R).

  In the exemplary case shown in this disclosure, the bias-oriented fabric strip comprises warp fibers oriented in the flow (longitudinal) direction and weft fiber yarns oriented 90 degrees relative to the direction of the warp fibers (cross-flow direction). The impact fabric was cut out from a fabric roll having a width parallel to the axis of the fabric roll. These strips were prepared by cutting in the bias direction as shown in FIG. 3A. The fabric was then secured once to the rhombus gridding device shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C and stretched to form an impact resistant bias fabric construction.

  While the above method was adequate to produce the examples shown herein, the method of producing such constructs economically is sufficient to cut continuous lengths and vests. It would be necessary to produce a biased orientation fabric that is stretched to produce the desired lattice angle. Methods for creating bias-oriented fabrics are disclosed in the patent literature. Examples include US Pat. No. 6,494,235, US Pat. No. 6,494,238, US Pat. No. 4,907,323 and WO 99/55519. . Bias-oriented fabric constructions can also be created using knitting processes known in the art, thereby creating a continuous fabric sheet directly or slit along one side parallel to the axis of the tube. To produce a tubular structure that can produce a flat continuous sheet of bias-oriented fabric. A second means of producing a continuous sheet of bias-oriented fabric is to spiral a tubular fabric produced from a tubular loom in which the warp fibers are oriented parallel to the axis of the tube and the weft fibers are oriented circumferentially. It will be cut into a shape. This is also described in US Pat. No. 4,299,878.

  A second embodiment of the present invention is to create an independent grid fabric construction or grid fabric composite ply that can be used to construct impact protection garments. Such a stabilization layer of a grid-like impact structure can be provided as a continuous roll good used by the manufacturer of impact protection garments. It should be understood that individual fabric layers having this construction of the present invention are inherently unstable due to anisotropy without a stabilizing means. That is, the fabric layer tends to revert (return) to a more balanced structure that is almost unchanged (indicated by an increase in acute measurement angle). This makes it difficult to handle such fabric constructions so as not to cause undesirable reversal when making protective clothing in combination. One method used to maintain the latticed state in the individual fabric layers is to sew by a sewing operation once the desired lattice angle is achieved. Sewing in any direction can give the impact fabric some stability, but the most effective stitching to prevent the “return” tendency is to sew in a direction perpendicular to the grid direction. is there. Stitching in this manner at regular intervals across an elongated biased fabric stretched to the desired acute grid angle results in a single stabilized fabric sheet. Alternatively, a polymer layer (having a sufficient degree of dimensional stability / reverse resistance) to counter the grid fabric's “undo” tendency is adhered to the grid fabric layer to form a structure. Can be easily maintained. Such a polymer layer may be in the form of a thin film that is melt bonded to the fabric (by heat platen compression or heat calendering) or applied to one or both sides of the fabric while remaining stretched (solvent) Or an emulsion / latex). Such a polymer layer may be continuous in that it covers the entire surface of the fabric, or it may be discontinuous over the entire surface of the fabric construction to minimize the impact of weight and stiffness on the impact layer. It may be. Discontinuous coatings of resin include resin perforated patterns or lines or discontinuous spots on the fabric. This can be accomplished using a melt adhesive film cut into a perforated pattern that can be welded to the fabric surface. Alternatively, the solvent-based polymer coating or polymer emulsion / latex can be transferred to the grid fabric in the aforementioned discontinuous manner, such as using a gravure printing method.

  The above-described individual inventive latticed fabric layers and / or composite plies can be used to construct the entire impact protection garment or used in an impact protection garment in combination with other impact resistant materials. Can do. Structures stabilized with a sewn or adhered polymer film or coating can be stacked in various arrangements within the protective garment.

  A balanced composite fabric ply integrates two of the lattice fabric constructs and divides the acute angle or lattice direction of one fabric (the acute angle of the vertical angle formed by two interlaced yarns into two equal parts. Can be created by combining them so that they are oriented at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the acute angle direction of the second grid-like fabric construction. The two layers of the resulting fabric are sewn together in a sewing operation, bonded with a pressure sensitive adhesive, or a polymer film or thermoplastic elastomer film placed between the layers and adhered together by melt bonding to bring them together Alternatively, the layers could be compressed together by pressing or calendering operations while heating above the melting point to promote adhesion. Thermosetting resins or elastomers can also be used to integrate the two material layers together. As with single fabric layer constructions that are stabilized with a polymer coating, a discontinuous coating is most preferred as a means of reducing the stiffness and weight of such a two fabric sandwich laminate.

Comparative Example 1
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel was made from a 25 layer style 726 grate fabric available from JPS Industries Inc, Anderson, SC. This is a plain weave fabric made from 840 denier Kevlar® 129 fiber yarns with a yarn count of 26 warps / inch for warp yarns, 26 wefts / inch for weft yarns, The strength of the measured extracted yarn) is 27 g / denier for the warp yarn, 26 g / denier for the weft yarn, and the surface density is 6.04 oz / yd ² (205 g / m ² ). Individual square fabric layers were created by cutting along the warp and weft direction (with warp and weft fiber yarns parallel to the sides of the square). The fabric layers were arranged so that the warp and weft fibers were oriented in the same direction on all fabric layers in the stack. The fabric layer was stitched around the periphery of the panel, 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the edge. A 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern was also sewn through the thickness of the panel to mechanically bond the layers. The ballistic backface impact testing is 1430 ± 30 ft against a target placed against clay evidence (Roma plasilina clay) according to the procedure outlined in NIJ Standard 0101-04. This was carried out using 44 magnum shells at a speed of / s. For this test panel, the impact V50 with 44 Magnum bullets was determined. Table 1 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 2
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel was purchased from JPS Industries Inc. Made from a 36 layer plain woven fabric made from 840 denier Kevlar® 129 fiber yarn. The plain weave fabric has a warp count of 18 / inch for warp yarn, 18 / inch for weft yarn, the strength of the measured extracted yarn is 27 g / denier for warp yarn, 26 g / denier for weft yarn, and the surface density is 4.04 oz. / Yd ² (137 g / m ² ). Individual fabric layers having warp and weft parallel to the sides of the square were cut from the fabric roll. The fabric layers were arranged so that the warp and weft fiber yarns were oriented in the same direction in all fabric layers in the stack. The fabric layer was stitched around the periphery of the panel, 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the edge. A 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern was also sewn through the thickness of the panel to mechanically bond the layers. Table 1 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 3
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel was made from 37 layers of style 726 green fabric having the properties described in Comparative Example 1. A target with staggered fabric orientation in every other layer, with 19 square fabrics with square sides oriented parallel to the warp and weft fiber yarn direction (0-90) The 18 layers produced targets that were oriented 45 ° off the previous fabric direction (−45, +45). The fabric layer was stitched around the periphery of the panel, 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the edge. A 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern was also sewn through the thickness of the panel to mechanically bond the layers. Table 1 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 4
A 15 inch x 15 inch (38 cm x 38 cm) square impact test panel was made from a 53 layer plain weave of Kevlar® KM2 (600 denier fiber yarn). The plain weave has a warp yarn count of 17 / inch for the warp yarn, 17 yarns / inch for the weft yarn, a strength of the extracted yarn of 25 g / denier for the warp yarn, 22 g / denier for the weft yarn, and an areal density of 2.64 oz / yd. ² (89.5 g / m ² ). Individual square fabric layers were created by cutting along the warp and weft direction (with warp and weft fiber yarns parallel to the sides of the square). The fabric layers were arranged so that the warp and weft fibers were oriented in the same direction on all fabric layers in the stack. The fabric layer was stitched around the periphery of the panel, 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the edge. A 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern was also sewn through the thickness of the panel to mechanically bond the layers. Table 2 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 5
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 cm × 38 cm) square impact test panel was made from a 26 layer plain weave of Kevlar® KM2 (600 denier fiber yarn). The plain weave has a warp count of 34 / inch for warp, 34 / inch for weft, the strength of the extracted yarn is 21 g / denier for warp, 23 g / denier for weft, and the surface density is 5.50 oz / yd. ² (186 g / m ² ). Individual square fabric layers were created by cutting along the warp and weft direction (with warp and weft fiber yarns parallel to the sides of the square). The fabric layers were arranged so that the warp and weft fibers were oriented in the same direction on all fabric layers in the stack. The fabric layer was stitched around the periphery of the panel, 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the edge. A 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern was also sewn through the thickness of the panel to mechanically bond the layers. Table 2 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 6
A 15-inch x 15-inch (38 x 38 cm) square impact test panel made from 840 denier Kevlar® 129 fiber yarn by JPS Industries Inc., 33 layers of 4 harness satin woven (Cloft) fabric Made from. This fabric has a warp count of 20 / inch warp yarns, 20 weft yarns / inch, a warp strength of 27 g / denier, a weft strength of 25 g / denier, and an areal density of 4.43 oz / yd ^2. (150 g / m ² ). Individual fabric layers having warp and weft parallel to the sides of the square were cut from the fabric roll. The fabric layers were arranged so that the warp and weft fibers were oriented in the same direction on all fabric layers in the stack. The fabric layer was stitched around the periphery of the panel, 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the edge. A 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern was also sewn through the thickness of the panel to mechanically bond the layers. Table 3 shows the back trace and V50 results of 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s for clay evidence.

Comparative Example 7
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel was made from 12 composites made by bonding two layers of style 726 green fabric described in Comparative Example 1. The second layer was shifted 45 degrees with respect to the first layer. Using a non-woven polymer fabric adhesive (Pellon® Wonder-Under® 805 fusible nonwoven core web available from Pellon® Consumer Products Group, LLC of Tucker, Georgia) At a temperature of about 130 ° C., the layers were bonded together and pressed with a hand iron to melt the adhesive and bond the fabric layers. Twelve composite layers were stacked, stitched near the periphery, and sewn with a 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt stitch to create a test panel. Table 4 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 8
A 15-inch × 15-inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel, 12 layers of Style 726 production fabric having the properties described in Comparative Example 1, and a two-layer composite of 726 production fabric described in Comparative Example 7 Made from six of them. The panels were made in combination with 12 unbonded layers in front (first bullet impact applied) and 6 composites in the back (closest to clay evidence). The resulting stack was sewn near the perimeter and sewn with a 2 inch × 2 inch (5.1 × 5.1 cm) quilt stitch to create a test panel. Table 4 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 9
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel is bonded to two layers of 840 denier raw fabric with 18 warps / inch warp and 18 wefts / inch as described in Comparative Example 2. Made from a stack of 17 composites. The second layer was shifted 45 degrees with respect to the first layer. Using a non-woven polymer fabric adhesive (Pellen (R) 805 Wonder-Under (R)), the layers were bonded together under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 7, the adhesive was allowed to melt, and the fabric layers Was made. Seventeen composite layers were stacked, stitched near the perimeter, and sewn with a 2 inch × 2 inch (5.1 × 5.1 cm) quilt stitch to create a test panel. Table 4 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 10
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel was applied to a 840 denier Kevlar® 129 raw fabric described in Comparative Example 2 (18 warps / inch, 18 wefts / weft) Inch) layers and nine of the two-layer composite fabric plies described in Comparative Example 9. The panels were made in combination with 17 unbonded layers in front (first bullet impact applied) and 6 composites in the back (closest to clay evidence). The resulting stack was sewn near the perimeter and sewn with a 2 inch × 2 inch (5.1 × 5.1 cm) quilt stitch to create a test panel. Table 4 shows the back trace and V50 results of a 44 Magnum impact test at 1430 ± 30 ft / s against clay evidence.

Comparative Example 11
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel was obtained from Beijing Tonyizhong Specialty Fiber Technology & Development Company Ltd. (Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarn made by (Beijing, China) from JPS Industries Inc. Made of 30 layers of plain woven fabric type S-17114G with woven CS811. The 800 denier yarn reinforcement had a warp and weft yarn count of 24 / inch (94/10 cm) and an areal density of 4.86 oz / yd ² (165 g / m ² ). Individual square fabric layers were created by cutting along the warp and weft directions (with warp and weft fibers parallel to the sides of the square). The fabric layers were arranged so that the warp and weft fibers were oriented in the same direction on all fabric layers in the stack. The fabric layer was stitched around the periphery of the panel, 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) from the edge. A 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern was also sewn through the thickness of the panel to mechanically bond the layers. The back trace high speed impact test uses 44 magnum ammunition at a speed of 1430 ± 30 ft / s against a target placed against the clay evidence (Roma plastina clay) according to the procedure outlined by NIJ. Carried out. The impact V50 of 44 Magnum bullets on this test panel was determined. The back trace and V50 results are shown in Table 5.

Example 1
A strip of diagonal pattern is a 63 inch (160 cm) wide roll of 840 denier Kevlar® 129 raw fabric (18 warps / inch, 18 wefts / inch) as described in Comparative Example 2. Cut out from. The diagonally cut pieces were oriented along the bias direction of this plain weave fabric as shown in FIG. 3A, creating a 28 inch (71 cm) wide, bias-oriented fabric strip. The fabric was fixed to a rhombus latticed frame as shown in FIG. 3B and stretched to an acute lattice angle of 45 degrees. The grid-like fabric was cut into equal pieces and crossed (stacked so that the layers were staggered so that the grid direction was 90 degrees away from the previous layer in all layers). The stack was constructed using a square pinning frame that kept the lattice angle of the individual fabric layers constant during construction. This alternating cross placement of fabric layers was repeated to make a stack with 26 fabric layers gridded. The stack of fabric layers is sewn near the periphery while holding the fabric layers in place with a pinning frame, and a 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern is applied to the panel thickness. The layers were mechanically joined by sewing over. The panel was then trimmed to have an end structure of 15 inches x 15 inches (38 x 38 cm). Table 1 shows the back trace and V50 results of 1430 ± 30 ft / s 44 Magnum bullets for clay evidence. These panels made from the fabric construction of the present invention demonstrated reduced back traces compared to Comparative Examples 1-3. Moreover, in these panels which have this novel structure, V50 performance was not spoiled and the value was comparable with Comparative Examples 1-3.

Example 2
A strip of diagonal patterns is a 63-inch (160 cm) wide roll of 600 denier Kevlar® KM2 raw fabric (17 warps / inch, 17 wefts / inch) as described in Comparative Example 2. Cut out from. The diagonally cut pieces were oriented along the bias direction of this plain weave fabric as shown in FIG. 3A, creating a bias oriented fabric strip. The fabric was fixed to a rhombus latticed frame as shown in FIG. 3B and stretched to an acute lattice angle of 30 degrees. The grid-like fabric was cut into equal pieces and crossed (stacked so that the layers were staggered so that the grid direction was 90 degrees away from the previous layer in all layers). The stack was constructed using a square pinning frame that kept the lattice angle of the individual fabric layers constant during construction. This alternating cross placement of fabric layers was repeated to make a stack with 27 fabric layers gridded. The stack of fabric layers is sewn near the periphery while the fabric layers are held in place by a pinning frame, and a 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern is applied to the panel thickness. The layers were mechanically joined by sewing over. The panel was then trimmed to have an end structure of 15 inches x 15 inches (38 x 38 cm). Table 1 shows the back trace and V50 results of 1430 ± 30 ft / s 44 Magnum bullets for clay evidence. This lattice fabric structure consists of a target made of 17 / inch warp and 17 / inch weft base fabric (Comparative Example 5) and a target of the same 600 denier plain weave fabric (individually the fabric layers). The surface density was the same), and the V50 performance was improved over both (Comparative Example 6). The first backside measurement performed on the structure of the present invention also demonstrated an improvement over both Comparative Examples 5 and 6, but the integrity of this structure after this first backside test. Fell. This may have increased the deformation resistance observed in the second back trace measurement.

Example 3
A multilayer panel comprising a lattice fabric construction made using 20 × 20 / inch Kevlar® 129 clawed woven fabric (as described in Comparative Example 6) of 840 denier. Was made using the procedure described in Experimental Example 1 above. The resulting test panel comprises 23 layers, each having a 45 degree lattice angle, and as done in Experimental Example 1, the layers are stacked in staggered orientations of 0 and 90 degrees. It was. The panel was sewn around the periphery, and was sewn in a 2 inch × 2 inch (5.1 × 5.1 cm) quilt pattern. Table 3 shows the back trace and V50 results of 1430 ± 30 ft / s 44 Magnum bullets for clay evidence.

  In this example, the back surface improved without a significant decrease in V50 compared to the target made from the base fabric in Comparative Example 6.

Example 4
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel was made by bonding two layers of the grid-like fabric construction of the present invention made as described in Example 1 12. Made from a composite fabric layer. The lattice direction of the second fabric layer was shifted by 90 degrees with respect to the first layer. A nonwoven polymer fabric adhesive (Pellen® 805) was used to bond the layers together under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 7 to effect bonding between the fabric layers. Twelve composite layers were stacked, sewn near the periphery, and sewn with a 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt to create a test panel. As shown in Table 4, this structure exhibited a V50 greater than the comparative composite fabric ply panel described in Comparative Examples 7-10 and was subjected to 5 back tests with 44 Magnum bullets at 1430 ± 30 ft / s. Even after doing so, it showed a consistent back trace.

Example 5
A 15 inch × 15 inch (38 × 38 cm) square impact test panel is described in Experimental Example 4 with 18 layers of raw fabric of 840 denier Kevlar® 129 fiber yarn described in Comparative Example 2. Thus, it was made from six lattice fabric composite plies made from this same fabric. The panels were made in combination with 18 fabric layers in front (first bullet impact applied) and 6 composite layers in the back (closest to clay evidence). The resulting stack was sewn around the periphery and sewn with a 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt to create a test panel. Table 4 shows the back trace and V50 results of 1430 ± 30 ft / s 44 Magnum bullets for clay evidence.

Experimental Example 6
The diagonal strips were cut from a roll of CS811 polyethylene fabric of style S-17114G of Comparative Example 11. The diagonally cut pieces were oriented along the bias direction of this plain weave fabric as shown in FIG. 3A, creating a bias oriented fabric strip. The fabric was fixed with a rhombus latticed frame as shown in FIG. 3B and stretched to an acute lattice angle of 50 degrees. The grid-like fabric was cut into equal pieces and crossed (stacked so that the layers were staggered so that the grid direction was 90 degrees away from the previous layer in all layers). The stack was constructed using a square pinning frame that kept the lattice angle of the individual fabric layers constant during construction. This staggered crossing of fabric layers was repeated to make a stack with 22 fabric layers gridded. The stack of fabric layers is sewn near the periphery while the fabric layers are held in place by a pinning frame, and a 2 inch x 2 inch (5.1 x 5.1 cm) quilt pattern is passed over the panel thickness. The layers were mechanically bonded together. The panel was then trimmed to have an end structure of 15 inches x 15 inches (38 x 38 cm). Table 5 shows the back trace and V50 results of 1430 ± 30 ft / s 44 Magnum bullets for clay evidence. This lattice fabric structure had a 27% reduction in back traces compared to a conventional 0/90 plain weave fabric.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

^* 標的の端から2.5インチの衝撃を意味する。
^** 「貫通」は、弾丸が標的をまっすぐ貫通したことを意味する。 Table 4

^* Means 2.5 inches of impact from the end of the target.
^** “Penetration” means that the bullet has penetrated the target straight.

Table 5

Claims (25)

  A fabric woven from yarns for producing impact projectile resistant articles, wherein the fabric includes a first plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in a plane of the fabric, the first plurality of Interwoven with a second plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in the plane of the fabric having a direction / orientation different from the direction / orientation of the first plurality in the plane, A fabric in which an arbitrary fiber yarn intersects with the second plurality of fiber yarns to form a pair of acute vertical angles having a measurement angle of less than 90 degrees.   The fabric includes aromatic polyamide (including poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide), p-phenylene benzobisoxazole, polybenzoxazole, polybenzothiazole), aromatic unsaturated polyester (Including polyethylene terephthalate, etc.), aromatic polyimides, aromatic polyamideimides, aromatic polyester amide imides, aromatic polyether amide imides and aromatic polyester imides or fiber yarns containing copolymers of any of the aforementioned types of materials The fabric according to claim 1, comprising:   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the fabric comprises fiber yarns containing ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.   The fabric of claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 80 and 89 degrees.   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 70 and 80 degrees.   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 60 and 70 degrees.   The fabric of claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 50 and 60 degrees.   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 40 and 50 degrees.   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 30 and 40 degrees.   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 20 and 30 degrees.   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 10 and 20 degrees.   The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is less than 10 degrees.   An impact projectile resistant or puncture resistant multilayer article made from a combination of a plurality of substantially non-adhesive nonwoven fabric layers, woven fabric layers, or composite fabric plies, wherein At least one of the layers is a biaxial fabric made from fiber yarns having a first plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in the plane of the fabric, the first plurality in the plane of the fabric. Interwoven with a second plurality of yarns oriented in parallel in the plane of the fabric having a direction / orientation different from the direction / orientation of the plurality, wherein any fiber yarn of the first plurality is A multilayer article that forms a pair of acute vertical angles having a measurement angle of less than 90 degrees across the second plurality of fiber yarns.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 80 and 89 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 70 and 80 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 60 and 70 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   The article of claim 13, wherein the acute vertical angle of the at least one of the biaxial fabric layers is between 50 and 60 degrees.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 40 and 50 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the apex angle is between 30 and 40 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is between 20 and 30 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the apex angle is between 10 and 20 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein the acute angle of the vertical angle is less than 10 degrees in at least one of the biaxial fabric layers.   The article of claim 13, wherein at least two of the biaxial fabric layers are oriented such that the yarn orientation in one layer deviates from the yarn orientation in another layer.   14. The article of claim 13, wherein at least two of the biaxial fabric layers are oriented such that the yarn orientation in one layer and the yarn orientation in another layer are the same.   A composite fabric ply comprising at least one fabric (and another fabric layer) woven from yarns for producing impact projectile resistant articles, wherein the fabrics are parallel oriented in a plane of the fabric Of the yarns oriented in parallel in the plane of the fabric, wherein the first plurality has a direction / orientation different from the direction / orientation of the first plurality in the plane of the fabric. Interwoven with the second plurality of bodies, the arbitrary fiber yarns of the first plurality of bodies and the fiber yarns of the second plurality of bodies intersect to form a pair of acute vertical angles having a measurement angle of less than 90 degrees. , Composite fabric ply.

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