JPH0481406B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a tillage method and apparatus for deep tilling with an up-cut rotary tiller.

[Conventional technology]

Traditionally, rotary tillers (most of which are down-cut type) are most commonly used for tillage work.
Although it has the advantage of being able to do clean work more efficiently than other tillage devices, it has the problem of being difficult to till deeply. For this reason, a down-cut rotary tiller for deep cultivation has been developed and is in use.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, the above-mentioned rotary tilling device for deep tilling has problems such as poor working efficiency and high power requirements because the tilling resistance is greater than that of a normal rotary tilling device that does not perform deep tilling. When we investigated the main cause of the increase in required power, we found that it was due to the deterioration of the backward throwing performance of cut soil, which had not received much attention in the past, resulting in the re-cultivation of previously cultivated soil. That is, the tilled soil that has been tilled by the tilling rotor is not completely discharged backward from the working area of the tilling rotor and remains within the working area, and this remaining tilled soil is re-tilled by the tilling rotor, which increases the power required. be. In addition, although there are various factors that increase tillage resistance, we experimentally examined the load characteristics of the tilling rotor, including its rotational speed, tilling pitch, rotation radius of the tilling claws, and direction of rotation. The load characteristics in certain cases were examined in detail for both downcut and upcut. The present invention has been made based on the above study results with the aim of solving the above problems.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rotary tilling device that performs tilling work by rotating a tilling rotor, which has a large number of tilling claws attached to the circumferential direction of the tilling shaft, in an up-cut direction. Rotate the tilling rotor so that its axis is located below the ground surface,
For deep cultivation, the soil that has been tilled twice or more by the tilling claws is thrown behind the tilling rotor by passing above the tilling rotor without remaining in the action area of the tilling rotor as the machine advances. An up-cut rotary tilling method, a rotary tilling device that performs tilling work by rotating a tilling rotor, which has a number of tilling claws attached to the circumferential direction of a tilling shaft, in an up-cut direction, wherein the tilling rotor has an axial center of the tilling shaft. A tilling claw attached to the tilling shaft of the market cutting blade is provided at right angles to the side from the tip of the vertical blade so that it can be positioned below the ground surface, and has double or more multiple rake surfaces. A rotary tiller for deep tillage, characterized in that the rotary tiller has a structure in which a horizontal blade section is curved, and the rotational speed of the tiller rotor is set to a speed that throws tilled soil backward so that no tilled soil remains in the working area. The device is characterized by the following.

[Effect]

By having the above-mentioned tilling method and tilling device, the present invention enables the tilled soil to be thrown backward without leaving double or more multi-ploughed soil in the action area of the tilling rotor. Since there is no need to re-till, the required power is reduced and highly efficient deep plowing work can be performed. Furthermore, since the axis of the tilling shaft is below the ground surface, a desired plowing depth can be obtained even if the diameter of the tilling rotor is reduced, and the weight of the rotary tiller can be reduced. Furthermore, since the tilled soil is thrown backwards while rotating in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the tillage shaft, the tilled soil has good inversion properties and crushability.

【Example】

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a rotary tiller. Although not shown, the rotary tiller 1 is attached to the rear of a riding tractor via a three-point link hitch mechanism so that it can be raised and lowered.
It is designed to be driven by power transmitted from the PTO shaft. A rotary tiller 1 is equipped with a tiller rotor 3 below a shield cover 2. The tilling rotor 3 is equipped with a number of tilling claws 5 (only one is shown in the drawing) around the circumference of a tilling shaft 4.
The tilling shaft 4 (the tilling rotor 3) is rotated (in the direction of the arrow) in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the machine (indicated by the thick arrow) to perform intensive tilling. Further, the tilling shaft 4 has a length R from its center of rotation O to the tip of the tilling claw 5, and the number obtained by dividing the tilling depth H is greater than 1.0, that is, H/R>1.0, and the tilling shaft 4 is The plowing work is supported so that the center O is located below the ground surface SF. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tilling claw 5 has a vertical blade portion 7 extending from a mounting base 6 attached to the tilling shaft 4 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the tilling shaft 4.
The rear part in the rotational direction is curved so that it bulges rearward, and the front part in the rotational direction is bent rearward along the curvature of the rear part, and then formed straight to the tip to form the rear end of the rear curved part. It has a pointed shape as if tied together. A horizontal blade part 8 is formed at the rear edge in the rotational direction of the tip edge of the vertical blade part 7, which is bent laterally from the curved edge at right angles and is curved along the curved edge. The curved inner surface of the horizontal blade portion 8 forms a rake face 9. A blade edge 8a is formed at the tip of the horizontal blade portion 8 in the rotational direction, and a blade edge 7a is also formed at the front straight portion of the vertical blade portion 7 in the rotational direction.
Reference numeral 6a is a mounting hole for mounting the tilling claw 5 to the tilling shaft 4. The rake face 9 is a circular arc, and this arc is designed to obtain the necessary initial velocity of the cut soil and accelerate the cutting soil so that the cutting by the side blade portion 8 and the backward throwing of the cut soil can be smoothly performed. It is determined by a design method based on theoretical calculations to keep the direction constant.
This rake face 9 may be formed in double or more multiples in the width direction of the horizontal blade portion 8, and such rake faces may be continuously formed in double or multiple ways in the width direction. By doing so, the targeted speed difference is given to the thrown earth clods, and the soil crushing action etc. can be improved. The tilling claw shown in Fig. 2 is set based on the theoretical solution of R = 160 mm, ρ = 59 mm, φ ₁ = 40°, and φ = 50°. Note that the blade edge 8a is set equal to the radius of curvature of the rotation radius R of the tilling claws 5. In addition, the reference numeral 10 in FIG. 1 is a front cover provided at the front end of the shield cover 2 so as to be vertically adjustable;
11 is an apron provided at the rear end of the shield cover 2. Further, although not shown, side covers are provided at both left and right ends of the shield cover 2. Next, the operation of the deep-cultivating rotary tiller having the above structure will be explained. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary tiller 1 is
The tilling rotor is rotated in the direction of the arrow at 160rpm while traveling in the direction of the thick arrow at a speed of 5.4cm/s for deep tilling.
24.5cm (H/R=1.5), cutting width of one tiller 4
The work was carried out under conditions of 1 cm and a tilling pitch of 1 cm. As a result, as shown in Fig. 4A, the soil cut below the rotation center O by the horizontal blade part 8 of the tilling claw 7 slides one after another on the rake surface 9 toward the end, and becomes sliced cut soil TS. It is then thrown backwards through the top of the tiller shaft. On the uncultivated soil side, regular cracks occur in directions approximately 40° to 60° to the cutting direction. When the leading edge 8a of the rake face 9 reaches approximately the same height as the center of rotation 0, the cracks reach the ground surface and form a large soil block SB. This clod SB
is thrown forward, falls to the ground, and is thrown backwards during the next cut. In this way, the soil cut and tilled by the horizontal blade part 8 is scooped up by the rake face 9 and thrown backward without remaining in the action area of the tilling rotor 3. For this reason, there is no need to re-till the soil that has been tilled once, and the tilling claws can be struck simultaneously (cross sensor) at the point where large cracks occur on the uncultivated soil side (between 0 and 45 degrees directly below the axis). By doing so, it is possible to crush the uncultivated soil in front of the chain case, and by eliminating the compression resistance of the uncultivated soil by the chain case, the required power can be reduced.
FIG. 4B shows a cross section of the tilling rotor 3 on the driving side. In addition, in this tilling method (tilling device), since the tilling pitch of the vertical blade part 7 is small, the vertical blade part 7
The blade has almost no cutting action on the soil, and merely plays the role of supporting the horizontal blade part 8, and the blade edge 7a
By being formed, it is possible to cut straw culms, weeds, etc. in the cultivated field and prevent them from getting entangled with the vertical blade part 7. Also, a considerable amount of the cultivated soil thrown from the rake surface 9 of the horizontal blade part 8 falls on the shield cover 2.
Since it is desirable that the shield cover 2 has a reflection angle that allows the tilled soil to collide with the tilled soil and be thrown backward, the first
Although it is formed in a parabolic shape as shown in the figure, the shape is not particularly limited as long as it has sufficient clearance with the shield cover as a tilling rotor and does not interfere with backward throwing. In addition, in the present invention, the soil tilled and thrown by the tilling claws 7 is extremely less accumulated in the direction of movement of the aircraft than in the conventional up-cut tilling method, but the front cover 10 prevents the soil from scattering forward, and furthermore, the soil is piled up backward. The plowed soil is leveled by the apron 11. Other embodiments of the tilling claw 5 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are designed on the same principle as the tilling claws of FIGS. 2 and 3, and are different from those of FIGS. They are almost the same except that the length of the vertical blade part 7 is longer and the curvature of the rake face 9 of the horizontal blade part 8 is smaller, so the same reference numerals will be given and the explanation will be omitted. In this embodiment, the longer the length of the vertical blade portion 7, the deeper the plowing becomes possible. The tilling claw shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 has a horizontal blade part 8.
The rake face 9 is double-sided 9a, 9a shown in FIG.
or 9b, 9b, 9b shown in FIG. In this embodiment, no double or triple tilled soil remains in the action area of the tilling rotor and is thrown backwards, so that the tilled soil has good crushability and the tilled soil is Since there is no need to re-till, the required power is reduced and deep plowing work is performed with high efficiency.

【Effect of the invention】

As explained above, according to the deep tillage rotary tilling method and device of the present invention, the axis of the tilling shaft is located below the ground surface, the vertical blade part is protruded from the tip at a right angle to the side, and Since the tilling rotor is equipped with a tilling claw having a curved horizontal blade portion with heavy or more multi-layered rake faces and is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed, the tilled soil becomes fine and the tilling rotor The plowed soil is thrown backwards without remaining in the action area of the plowed soil, preventing re-tillage of the plowed soil and allowing deep plowing to be carried out easily and efficiently with less power. In addition, since the tilling shaft is located below the ground surface, short tilling claws can be used to till small and deep tilled soil clods, and the weight of the tilling rotor can be reduced. Furthermore, the tilled soil has good inversion properties and crushability, making it possible to perform ideal tillage work.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view of a rotary tilling device showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 A is a side view of the tilling claw, B is a partially enlarged sectional view thereof, and Fig. 3 is a front view of the tilling claw.
Fig. 4A is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the tilling claw, B is a sectional view of the driving position of the tilling claw, Fig. 5 is a side view showing another embodiment of the tilling claw, Fig. 6 is a front view of the same, and Fig. 7 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment in which the rake face of the tilling claw is doubled;
FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment in which the rake face of the tilling claw is triple-layered. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Rotary tillage device, 2... Shield cover, 3... Tilling rotor, 4... Tilling shaft, 5... Tilling claw, 6... Mounting base, 6a... Mounting hole, 7...
Vertical blade part, 7a...Blade edge, 8...Horizontal blade part, 8a...
Blade edge, 9, 9a, 9b... rake face, 10... front cover, 11... apron, O... rotation center of tilling shaft, R... rotation radius, H... plowing depth.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A rotary tilling device that performs tilling work by rotating a tilling rotor, which is equipped with a large number of tilling claws in the circumferential direction of the tilling shaft, in an up-cut direction, wherein the axis of the tilling shaft of the tilling rotor The tilling rotor is rotated so that it is located below the surface, and the soil that has been tilled twice or more by the tilling claws passes over the tilling rotor without remaining in the action area of the tilling rotor as the machine advances. A rotary tilling method for deep tilling, characterized in that the soil is thrown behind a tilling rotor. 2. In a rotary tilling device that performs tilling work by rotating a tilling rotor, which has a large number of tilling claws attached to the circumferential direction of the tilling shaft, in the up-cut direction, the tilling rotor has an axial center located below the ground surface. A tilling claw attached to the tilling shaft is provided to protrude from the tip of the vertical blade part at right angles to the side, and has a curved horizontal cutting surface with double or more multiple rake faces. A rotary tiller for deep tillage, characterized in that it has a blade section and the rotational speed of the tiller rotor is set at a speed that throws tilled soil backward so that no tilled soil remains in the working area.