JPH0472296A - Device for taking up and paying off wire rope - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To change the speed of a rope by coupling a reaction force shaft for receiving a rotational reaction force from a wire take-up drum in each of winches so as to combine the start and stop, and normal and reverse rotations of the winches with each other. CONSTITUTION:A motor 1 is coupled to a wire take-up drum 4 through the intermediary of a sun gear 2, planetary gears 3 and a first internal gear 5. A second internal gear 6 which is rotatable is meshed with a reaction force shaft gear 11 in another winch through the intermediary of a reaction force shaft 9 and a gear 10. Both winches give a torque to a wire take-up drum at a rate corresponding to the ratio between the numbers of teeth of the reaction force shaft gears 10, 11. Further, the speed of the rope can be changed by starting and stopping, and b normally and reversely rotating two general-purpose single speed motors without the operation of the winches being stopped. Accordingly, during light load operation, the speed of the rope can be increased without stopping the winches, thereby it is possible to enhance the working efficiency, to miniaturize the motors and to reduce the capacity of a power source unit.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a winch that can change the winding and unwinding speed (hereinafter referred to as rope speed) of a wire rope. (Prior art) Conventionally, the rope speed in a winch has been changed by the following means: (1) Speed change using a pole change induction motor (2) Speed change using a variable speed prime mover such as a DC motor or hydraulic motor (3) ) Speed change using a reduction ratio switching type reducer (4)
Shifting by combination of (1) and (3) and (2) and (3) above

[Problems with the prior art] In the case of prior art (1), because there are restrictions on the combination of pole numbers in the pole-changing induction motor, it is not possible to obtain a fixed speed of 1 or 2 speeds, and it is not possible to obtain an arbitrary rope speed. Unable to obtain change ratio. In the case of conventional wave # (2) In recent years, due to the demand for higher efficiency in crane work, the hook speed when the crane is unloaded, that is, when a tare load such as a hook or wire lobe, is set to the hook speed when the crane is loaded with the rated load. A winch with a constant output characteristic that is 4 to 5 times the hook speed obtained is required, but the upper limit of the driving gutter rotation speed that can be input to the winch is usually about 2000 rpm, and the above-mentioned winch with no load on the crane If the input rotation speed is 2000 rpm, the prime mover rotation speed at the crane rated load, that is, at the time of maximum torque and output at the winch, will be 400 to 500 rpm. Therefore, a prime mover that can produce high torque at low rotation speeds is required to meet the winch's power requirements, so the frame of the prime mover becomes larger, and a variable speed electric motor requires a power supply that can supply a large current. Since a hydraulic motor requires a hydraulic pressure generator capable of supplying high pressure, the prime mover becomes heavier, larger, and more expensive. In the case of conventional technology (3), gear trains with different reduction ratios are switched within the winch reducer using a pawl clutch, and when changing the lobe speed, that is, when switching the reduction ratio, it is necessary to temporarily stop the drive of the winch. This does not meet the recent demand for high efficiency, and in order to switch the reduction ratio while the winch is under load, a brake is required to maintain the load on the power transmission shaft on the wire lobe take-up lid drum side of the transmission gear train. In addition, since a prime mover for actuating the pawl clutch is also required, the control and device become complicated. In case of prior art (4), it is based on a combination of (1) and (3). The number of lobe speed switching steps increases, and the combination of (2) and (3) allows the prime mover rotation speed at the winch rated load to be set high, making it possible to downsize and lower the cost of the prime mover. The problem of having to temporarily stop the drive of the winch when changing the speed has not been improved, and there is also the drawback that the control and device are further complicated. [Means for solving the problem] A reduction mechanism such as a planetary reduction mechanism whose input rotation center and output rotation center are on the same axis is built into the wire winding red drum to receive the rotational reaction force of the wire winding drum of the winch. The reaction shafts are freely rotated outside the winches, and the reaction shafts of multiple winches are connected to power transmission means such as gears or chains at a rotation ratio that makes the wire lobe tension ratio of each winch a desired value. It is possible to change the lobe speed in many ways by combining the motors of each winch with starting/stopping and forward/reverse operations. Moreover, the lobe speed and the number of gear stages obtained by starting/stopping and forward/reverse operation of each electric motor can be made arbitrary by combining the reduction ratio of each winch and the rotational speed of the electric motor. Further, in the wire lobe unwinding and winding device according to the above means, the wire winding drums of the plurality of winches always apply torque at a predetermined ratio. In other words, if a wire rope winding and unwinding device is configured using two winches with a wire rope tension ratio of 1.0, which have the property of always maintaining a predetermined rope tension, the wire of one winch If the winding load is small, the winding speed of that drum increases, and the winding speed of the other drum decreases to always equalize the wire lobe tension. Embodiment 1 of the Invention Hereinafter, in order to clarify the present invention more specifically, an embodiment thereof will be described in detail based on the drawings. Fig. 1 shows an example in which the device of the present invention is constructed using two winches each having a differential planetary reduction mechanism built into the wire winding drum. The sun gear 2 degrees is transmitted to the wire winding drum 4 through a planetary gear 3 which is an integral unit of two gears with different numbers of teeth, and one internal gear 5 built into the wire winding drum 4. 6. The rotational reaction force of the wire winding drum 4 is received by the other internal gear 6, which is rotatably supported by a drum bearing 7 and a bearing 8, and has one end protruding outside the winch. Connected to shaft 9. A gear 10 is provided at the shaft end of the reaction shaft 9 projecting outside the winch, and meshes with a reaction shaft gear 11 of another winch. The device configured above has the property of generating rotational force on the wire winding drums of the two winches at a constant ratio related to the tooth number ratio of the first reaction shaft gear 10°11. When it is not necessary to equalize the wire rope tension applied to the winding drums, gears are installed on the flanges of the two wire winding drums so that the unwinding and winding rotation directions of the two wire winding drums are aligned. The gears may be connected in series so that FIG. 2 shows an example of wiring when two apparatuses of the present invention are mounted on a crane. In FIG. In the application shown in the figure, the two wire winding drums generate the same rotational force. Set the reaction shaft gear ratio mentioned above. Reduction ratio, motor rotation speed, in the winch device of the present invention,
The relational expression between the wire winding drum generated torque and the wire winding drum rotation speed is shown below. If one winch is NQl and the other winch is 2, then the wire winding drum generated torque of NQ1 winch z
, =-: & 1 winch reduction ratio 1 - 〒: & 2 winch reduction ratio 2 □ : & 1 winch reaction shaft gear teeth number Z2
:&2 winch reaction shaft gear teeth number drum generation torque ratio is 1.0, and when two wire winding drums always load the same torque, the wire winding red drum rotation speed is as follows. Mal winch wire winding drum rotation speed = l! n2
Winch wire winding red drum rotation speed = 'r (N
Pi Hx Yu + NPz・1 □) Np1: &1 Winch motor rotation speed Nρ, :NQ2 Winch motor rotation speed For example, assuming the drum generation torque ratio is 1.0, two wire winding drums load the same torque. If i
□=1150, i,=1/100. Np, = 180
Orp m, Np, = 1200 r p m, then 1
If only the electric motor of the floor 1 winch is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure, the rotation speed of the two wire winding drums will be 18 rpm, and if only the electric motor of the floor 2 winch is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure. , the rotational speed of the two wire winding drums becomes 6 rpm, and if both the motors of winch 1 and winch 2 are driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure, the rotational speed of the two wire winding drums becomes 24 rpm, and further. When the motor of winch &1 is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure, and the motor of winch &2 is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure, the rotational speed of the two wire winding drums becomes 12 rpm. That is, the start/stop and forward/reverse control of two general-purpose heavy-speed electric motors makes it possible to change the lobe speed in four stages without stopping the winch operation. The electromagnetic brakes 12 and 13 are loosened in synchronization with the starting and stopping of the electric motor arranged on the same axis. In addition, in the above example, if the lobe tension applied by the two winches is the same, the required motor capacity ratio of the winch 1 and the winch Na3 is 3:1, and the motor of the small capacity 11112 winch is O~1.
In the case of a variable speed electric motor of 200 rpm, the rotation speed of the two wire winding drums can be continuously variable from 0 to 6 rpm and from 12 to 24 rpm. Examples of combinations of motor rotation speed and reduction ratio to obtain winch performance suitable for large-scale, high-lift cranes are shown below. The drum generation torque ratio was set to 1.0. i,=]/20.12=
]/+8. &l The electric motor of the winch is O= l OOO
Loooorpm-2000rpm with constant torque
is a variable speed motor with constant power output characteristics, and the output torque of the wire winding drum and 1 are
The relationship between the number of revolutions generated is shown in Figure 3. In Figure 3, the shaded area shows the range of the output torque of the wire winding drum and the number of revolutions generated by the variable speed motor of the NQl winch. If the variable speed motor of the Nc2 winch is rotated in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 1 at 1100 rpm, the 22 wire winding drums will be 25 rpm.
pm and rotated at 2000 rpm in the direction of the arrow in the figure, the two wire winding drums will rotate at 50 rpm, and the torque generated by the wire winding drum at that time will be 172 for the former. Furthermore, if the variable speed motor of Arashi 1 winch is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure at 2000 rpm, and the brake of &2 winch is loosened and the motor is driven to rotate in the direction of the arrow in the figure,
The two wire winding drums rotate at 1100 pp. Therefore, when the rated load of the crane is applied, the rotation speed of the wire winding drum can be changed arbitrarily from 0 to 25 rpm, and when the load is less than the rated load of the crane, the rotation speed of the wire winding drum can be changed depending on the load. The speed can be changed arbitrarily from 0 to a maximum of 50 rpm, and when the crane is unloaded, the speed can be changed arbitrarily from 0 to a maximum of 50 rpm, and when the crane is unloaded, the speed can be changed by driving a 2-winch electric motor that has the capacity to wind up tares such as crane hooks, wire ports, and bu. The rotation speed of the winding drum is 1100 rpm. In other words, when the crane is lightly loaded or unloaded, the rope speed can be increased without stopping the winch to change gears, increasing work efficiency, and this advantage is especially noticeable for high-lift cranes. Become. In addition, since the rotational speed of the variable speed motor at maximum torque output can be increased compared to conventional technology, the motor output torque becomes smaller, making the motor more compact.
Moreover, the capacity of the power supply device can be increased to tJs. FIGS. 4 and 5 show other embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment using one electric motor, with a differential planetary reduction mechanism 21 built into the wire winding drum 22, an electromagnetic brake 23 on the input shaft, and one end of the reaction shaft 24 connected to another winch. In order to drive one winch input shaft and its input shaft by connecting two winches each having a reaction shaft gear 25 meshingly connected to each other, and connecting the motor 28 and the motor shaft to the input shafts of the two winches through a gear number. The rotational power of the electric motor 28 is transmitted to two winches by connecting the electromagnetic clutch 26, and one winch by disengaging the electromagnetic clutch 26. The effect of the present invention described above can be obtained by transmitting the information to the . FIG. 5 shows an applied embodiment of the present invention in which two sets of differential planetary reduction mechanisms and reaction force shaft gears are housed in a gear box. Two sets of reaction shaft gears of a gear device, consisting of a reaction shaft gear 32 integrated with an internal gear 31 and an output gear 34 integrated with an internal gear 33 that obtains the rotational output of the device. 32 and the output gear 34 are engaged via the idle gear 35 and housed in the gear box 36. An output pinion 37 is provided on the output shaft 36 which is integrated with the output gear and projects outside the gear box, and meshes with a drum gear 39 provided on the flange of the wire winding drum 38. are connected to an electric motor 41 and an electromagnetic brake 42, respectively, outside the gear box.In this embodiment, the number of revolutions generated by the output pinion due to the start/stop and forward/reverse operations of the two electric motors is the same as the operation of the present invention described above. The torque that is equally distributed to the two wire winding drums in the embodiment described above is concentrated in one output pinion 37 in this embodiment. [Effects of the Invention] The present invention described in detail above makes it possible to change the rope speed with a simple structure, which makes it possible to reduce the size and weight compared to conventional devices of this type, and to start and stop multiple prime movers. Since various rope speeds can be obtained by forward and reverse operations, the rope speed can be changed without stopping the device, and the device can provide high work efficiency. Furthermore, one of the multiple prime movers used is a variable speed prime mover, which enables stepless speed change over the required rope speed range and lob speed range. This makes it possible to reduce the capacity of an expensive variable speed prime mover, and to achieve continuously variable rope speed at a low cost.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1: Mechanical diagram of the device according to the embodiment Figure 2: Wiring diagram when the device of the present invention is mounted on a crane Figure 3: Output characteristics diagram of the crane winch Figure 4
Figure: A mechanical diagram of an embodiment using one electric motor. Figure 5: A mechanical diagram of an embodiment in which a gear device that obtains the effects of the present invention is housed in a gear box.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A shaft that receives the rotational reaction force of the wire winding drum of a winch that has a speed reduction mechanism (such as a planetary speed reduction mechanism) whose input rotation center and output rotation center are on the same axis built into the wire winding drum (hereinafter referred to as the reaction force shaft) 1. A wire rope winding and unwinding device, characterized in that the wire rope rotatably projects outside the winch, and the reaction shafts of a plurality of winches having the above structure are connected by a power transmission means.