JPH0471955B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

<Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a soil improvement agent capable of improving the fertility of soil with reduced soil fertility, and a method for producing the same. <Conventional technology> The conditions necessary for crop growth include light, air, water,
These include temperature, nutrients, and the absence of harmful ingredients. However, the cultivated land in the Japanese archipelago generally lacks organic matter (humus), reducing soil fertility and decreasing the quality of crops. In order to improve this soil fertility, it is essential to input humus, and humus is produced from decomposed products of microbial remains and proteins of soil microorganisms. One of the functions of humus mentioned above is to serve as food for microorganisms (creating an environment), and when it is decomposed by microorganisms, it provides nutrients to plants. Next, it also has the function of retaining nutrients and binding them with other substances. Furthermore, it also shows an important role in creating the aggregate structure of soil. Therefore, soil conditioners made from natural peat, which contains a large amount of the humus mentioned above and was deposited in prehistoric wetlands, have been used in the past, but this has no useful soil fertility. It is a reinforcing agent,
Furthermore, it aggregates the soil structure, improves air circulation in the soil, improves heat absorption, raises soil temperature, and increases the reproductive capacity of microorganisms, which has an extremely large soil improvement effect. <Problem to be solved by the invention> However, the conventional soil conditioners as described above,
Since it is in powder form with 60% organic matter and 40% water, it is heavy and uneconomical to distribute. In addition, since it is fibrous, it is difficult to granulate and difficult to handle. Therefore, there has been a desire for a soil conditioner that does not have the above-mentioned drawbacks and can improve soil more effectively. <Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and involves mixing and stirring peat with a moisture content of 40% or more and phosphorus-containing crushed stone to cause a hydration reaction. By adding a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid to the product and reacting a part of the hydrate, sulfate and phosphate are generated, and lignin sulfonate and blackstrap molasses are further added to granulate it. The present invention relates to a characteristic soil improvement agent and a method for producing the same. The above-mentioned lignin sulfonate used in the present invention is a lignin derivative contained in sulfite pulp waste liquid after treating wood and other lignin-containing raw materials with sulfite, bisulfite, sulfite, etc. Furthermore, lignin sulfonate can usually be obtained by precipitating the above-mentioned sulfite pulp waste liquid using lime, and is used as an inexpensive anionic surfactant. In addition, the blackstrap molasses used in the present invention is a byproduct of the sugar manufacturing industry, and is a black-brown molasses consisting of sugar and organic matter.
It is a syrupy liquid with high viscosity. Further, the above-mentioned blackstrap molasses is the residue obtained by crystallizing sugar from sugar cane or sugar beet, and therefore can be obtained at a relatively low cost. To explain the method for producing the soil conditioner of the present invention, first, peat with a moisture content of 40% or more and crushed phosphorus mineral are mixed and stirred. Although the mixing ratio of the above-mentioned peat and phosphate-containing crushed stone is not particularly limited, the same amounts are usually mixed. The above-mentioned phosphorus-containing crushed material is SiO ₂ . CaO.MgO.
MnO.Fe ₂ O ₃ ． _{P2O5 ．} The main component is calcium silicate. Then, the following hydration reaction is caused by the moisture contained in the peat and the phosphorus-containing crushed grains. {peat (water content) + 2CaO・SiO ₂ → +2Ca(OH) ₂ +SiO ₂ {peat + water Next, after the completion of the hydration reaction described above, a mixed acid of phosphoric acid solution and sulfuric acid solution was added to hydrate the mixture. Causes the following chemical reaction to occur in a part of an object. A Hydration reaction 2CaO・SiO ₂ +H ₂ O→Ca(OH) ₂ +CaO・SiO ₂ (phosphorous mineral crushed) Phosphoric acid reaction Phosphoric acid reaction Ca(OH) ₂ +CaO・SiO ₂ +H ₃ PO ₄ →CaHPO ₄ +2H ₂ O+CaO
・SiO ₂ B hydration reaction 2CaO・SiO ₂ +H ₂ O→Ca(OH) ₂ +CaO・SiO ₂ (phosphate-containing crushed) Sulfuric acid reaction Sulfuric acid reaction Ca(OH) ₂ +CaO・SiO ₂ +H ₂ SO ₄ →CaSO ₄ +2H ₂ O+CaO・
SiO ₂ In the above chemical reaction, A and B react simultaneously. In addition, unreacted trace elements and peat (humus)
remains in the reactant, replenishes nutrients, trace elements, and special elements in the soil, and also aggregates the soil, improves air circulation and heat absorption in the soil, and promotes the growth of microorganisms. be. Further, after the above-described reaction is completed, equal amounts of a mixed solution of a lignin sulfonate solution and a molasses solution each having a concentration of about 30 to 50% are added to the above-described mixture, and the mixture is kneaded and granulated. The amounts of the above-mentioned lignin sulfonate solution and molasses solution added are usually about 5% (solid content), and if it is too large, it will be uneconomical. In addition, lignin sulfonate and blackstrap molasses are
The soil conditioner of the present invention is granulated and the disintegration of the soil conditioner in the soil is promoted. For example, blackstrap molasses is composed of sugar as described above, and sugar is most easily decomposed in the soil. The soil conditioner of the present invention produced as described above rapidly disintegrates when the water capacity reaches about 50% in the soil, promoting the proliferation of microorganisms and the like. Further, the soil conditioner of the present invention is in granular form and has a residual moisture content of 8 to 12%, and after granulation, the residual moisture can be adjusted through a drying process, and then packed in bags for storage and transportation. Therefore, the soil conditioner of the present invention has a lower water content than conventional soil conditioners, so it is lightweight, and since it is granular, it is easy to transport and handle. <Example> Examples of the present invention are shown below. (1) Raw material used A Peat a Peat content Humus 66.6% Humic acid (1.35%) Nitrogen (N) 0.40% Phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₂ ) 0.10% Potassium (K ₂ O) 0.35% Coal (CaO) 2.33 % Magnesium (MgO) 0.12% b Physical properties of peat Sg...0.95, Moisture...30.13% Base substitution capacity 90me/100g c Peat extraction site Tenboku, Hokkaido Sarobetsu Plain B Phosphorus-containing crushed a Phosphorus-containing crushed Component amounts Silicic acid (SiO ₂ ) 25.15% Lime (CaO) 49.68% Magnesium (MgO) 3.05% Manganese (MnO) 1.22% Iron (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 15.42% Phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) 3.86% Boron (B) 66PPM b Physical properties of phosphorus-containing crushed Sg...1.38, pH...10.85 Particle size distribution 150μm or more 0% 150-74μm 95% 74μm or less 5% c Collection location of phosphate-containing crushed Chiba Kawasaki Steel Corporation Steelworks (Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture) C Lignin sulfonate a Component amount of lignin sulfonate Solid content of lignin sulfonate 45.07% Magnesium (MgO) 1.35% Lime (CaO) 2.46% Potash soda (R ₂ O) ) 8.20% Saccharides 4.77% b Physical properties of lignin sulfonate Sg...1.21, moisture...38.50% pH...7.50 c Collection location of lignin sulfonate Fukui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Karikanazu City, Fukui Prefecture) ) D Molasses a Component amount of blackstrap molasses Organic matter (protein, fat, fiber) 44.12% b Physical properties of blackstrap molasses Sg...1.25, moisture...54.53% pH...5.20 c Collection location of blackstrap molasses Commercial product E Phosphorus Acid solution 68% commercial product F Sulfuric acid solution 70% commercial product (2) Production method Peat with impurities removed in advance (solid content 60%)
Add 50 parts of phosphorus-containing crushed powder (approximately 150 μm all-pass particle size) to 50 parts of water (40% moisture), mix and stir evenly, and add phosphoric acid solution and sulfuric acid solution at the same time as the hydration reaction is completed. Add 3 parts of each and allow to react. Immediately after waiting for the completion of the above reaction, 8% of a mixed solution of a lignin sulfonate solution and a molasses solution as a granulation accelerator is added, and the mixture is kneaded and granulated. The main component amounts of the soil conditioner of the present invention produced based on the above examples are as follows. Organic matter (humus) 58.36% Silicic acid (SiO ₂ ) 13.05% Lime (CaO) 12.11% Magnesium (MgO) 2.00% Lime sulfate (CaSO ₄ ) 1.50% Iron (Fe ₂ O ₃ 1.23% Phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) 2.30% Manganese (MnO) 0.36% Moisture...8.11%, pH...7.20 Particle size distribution φ1~3.5m/m...65% 3.5~4.5m/m...30% 4.5m/m or more...5% (3) Crop test method A crop test of the soil conditioner obtained in the above example was conducted using the following method: a Test soil; Humic volcanic soil (Kuroboku) b Test crop; Barley (variety Sekitori) Sai No. 1) Sowing 20 grains (10 plants) c Test fertilizer; Ammonium sulfate 20.5% (AN) Perishite 15.0% (SP) Sulfurization 45.0% (WK) Commercial product Test product: Soil conditioner of the present invention Organic matter ( Humus) 58.36% Silicic acid (SiO ₂ ) 13.05% Lime (CaO) 12.11% Magnesium (MaO) 2.00% Lime sulfate (CaSO ₄ ) 1.50% Iron (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 1.23% Phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) 2.30% Manganese (MnO) 0.36% Moisture...8.11%, pH...7.20 Particle size distribution φ1~3.5m/m...65% 3.5~4.5m/m...30% 4.5m/m or more...5% d Test scale: Test container a/2000 Wagner pot
1 area 3 series Test soil 10.0Kg/pot filling pH 5.79 Pot No. Test area Additive Standard fertilizer application amount 1-3 Control area 0 4-6 Commercial product 5.0g/pot
N: 1.0g/pot 7-9 Sample 5.0g/pot
P ₂ O ₅ : 1.5g 10-12 Sample 25.0g/pot K ₂ O: 1.0g e Cultivation overview; Fertilization January 13, 1989 Sowing January 13, 1989 Irrigation 1-2 times a week ( Growth survey Every 3 weeks Harvest June 7, 1989 Harvest survey July 7, 1989 Fertilization was managed using conventional methods and used for testing. (4) Crop test results

[Table] Average value/test area

【table】

[Table] From the above results, it can be seen that after barley sowing, no germination failure or abnormality in early growth was observed, and the elongation of stems and leaves and tillering status remained favorable. Also,
The difference in the test sections became larger as the growth progressed, and the plant height in the control section was 44.7 cm, while the plant height in the test section was 45.4 and 47.0 cm. The number of stems in the control group was 55.7.
The number of tillers in the sample group was 71.7 and 73.3 compared to books, indicating that the number of tillers increased. Furthermore, in terms of yield, the sample plot showed a yield (grain) ratio of 103, and the 5 times the amount application plot showed a yield (grain) ratio of 116, indicating an increase in yield compared to the commercial product. Therefore, the soil conditioner of the present invention improves the growth and yield of crops. <Effects of the Invention> As explained above, the soil conditioner of the present invention has the following effects:
Since it is granular and has a low moisture content, it is easier to handle and more economical to transport than conventional soil conditioners. In addition, the present invention uses peat, which had no utility value in the past, and uses lignin sulfonate and blackstrap molasses, which are replicas of industrial products, respectively, so it is possible to produce a soil conditioner at a low cost. It is something that can be done. Furthermore, the soil conditioner of the present invention not only adds humus, but also adds special elements such as silicic acid and magnesia, trace elements such as manganese and iron, and nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium, thereby improving soil mass. It provides soil with various effects such as causing granulation, increasing the absorption of phosphoric acid and reducing its fixation rate, and even improving ion exchange ability and increasing the proliferation of microorganisms. be.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 Peat with a moisture content of 40% or more and crushed phosphorus mineral are mixed and stirred to cause a hydration reaction, and a mixed acid is added to this hydrate to partially remove the hydrate. A soil improvement agent that is made by reacting, generating sulfate and phosphate through the reaction, and granulating it. 2. Mix and stir peat with a moisture content of 40% or more and crushed phosphorus mineral to cause a hydration reaction, add a mixed acid to this hydrate to cause a part of the hydrate to react, and by this reaction A method for producing a soil conditioner, characterized in that sulfate and phosphate are generated and granulated.