EA015395B1 - A complex chlorine free fertiliser with microelements and biologically active addition for a carrot and for producing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to manufacture of mineral fertilizers formed in chemical plants manufacturing complex free-containing fertilizers applied in agriculture in growing vegetable crops. The inventive task is aimed at working out a complex chlorine-free nitrogen-phosphoric-potash fertilizer, including low-disintegrating agents for a carrot providing a higher crop and the product higher enhancement. The invention is aimed at adding an additional complex chlorine-free fertilizer comprising (N, P, K, S, Mg, B), microelements (Cu, Co, Fe including in a chelate form), and, if required, in a biologically active agents and binding agents according to the method comprising the following stages: feeding raw material to a production process; a neutralization stage; an agitating and granulating step; a product drying; cooling and classification thereof; and sanitary-technical purification of waste gases. The inventive composition of the complex chlorine-free fertilizer, a process for preparing thereof and providing growing carrot at sod-podsoil, loamy soils provides to yield the crop thereof by 19-43 centner/h, to reduce of nitrates content by 20-36% compared to the prototype (complex chlorine-free fertilizer "Kalijfos-N").

Description

The invention relates to the production of mineral fertilizers, in particular to the production and use of complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium granular chlorine-free fertilizers that can be used in chemical plants producing complex chlorine-free fertilizers and in agriculture for the cultivation of vegetable crops.

The development and application of complex fertilizers is based on the use of fertilizers with a balanced ratio of nutrients that meet the biological requirements of a particular vegetable crop and variety, and the level of soil fertility.

In recent years, complex chlorine-free fertilizers from Kemira have been widely used abroad for vegetables. Ketya 6ΐΌ \ νΗο \ ν complex chlorine-free fertilizers for vegetable crops are known, containing macro- and microelements, in particular, Kemira Lux, Kemira Universal-2 [1]. These complex chlorine-free fertilizers contain elements necessary for plant nutrition, promote plant growth and obtain good crop yields. Depending on the brand of fertilizer, the content of total nitrogen in fertilizers is,%: total nitrogen - 6.0 and 12, phosphorus - 8.0-20.6, potassium - 14.0-27.1, magnesium - 0.0-2 , 0, sulfur - 0.0-8.0, boron - 0.02-0.1, copper - 0.01-0.1, iron - 0.1, manganese - 0.1-0.2, molybdenum - 0.002-0.01, zinc - 0.01-0.1. These fertilizers contain a wide range of scarce and expensive trace elements in the fertilizer. At the same time, the costs of producing such fertilizers are very high and do not always pay off by increasing the yield.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to our solution is a complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chlorine-free fertilizer Kaliyfos - Ν, manufactured by LLC Grintur (Republic of Belarus), containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur (Ν: Ρ: Κ = 14: 14 : 14) or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur and boron (Ν: Ρ: Κ = 13: 7: 15) - prototype [2]. Technical problems that cannot be solved by the prototype are that this fertilizer in its composition contains as a trace element only one boron in a small amount (0.02 wt.% Fertilizer), which does not satisfy the needs of vegetable and agricultural crops.

The objective of this technical solution is to develop complex chlorine-free granular, including slow-acting fertilizers with the addition of trace elements and, if necessary, biologically active substances, and / or binders, for carrots, which positively affect the yield and quality of products.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chlorine-free fertilizers for carrots containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, MD, 8, B, and, additionally modifying additives Cu, Co, Fe (including in chelated form), and, if necessary, biologically active substances (plant growth regulator - Epin), and / or binders (water-soluble polymers, silicates, polyacrylamide, etc.).

Obtaining complex granular non-chlorine ΝΡΚ-fertilizers is carried out as follows.

The method for the production of complex chlorine-free ΝΡΚ-fertilizers is based on the neutralization of orthophosphoric and sulfuric acid by potash. Neutralization is carried out according to the reactions to obtain mixtures of monopotassium phosphate (MKF), dipotassium phosphate (DCF) and potassium sulfate. It is also possible to use ammophos and potassium sulfate as phosphorus and potassium-containing raw materials, which dissolve in water and mix in certain necessary proportions. The resulting suspension is mixed with nitrogen-containing components, retur and subjected to granulation in a granulator by the method of rolling, then carry out the drying and classification of the product. At the final stage of the process, a product fraction of the product is isolated - chlorine-free ΝΡΚ-fertilizers with a granule size of 2-5 mm.

Description of the technological scheme of production

The production of complex chlorine-free fertilizers includes the following main stages: reception and supply of raw materials for production;

stage of neutralization;

mixing and granulating step;

product drying;

cooling and classification; sanitary cleaning of exhaust gases.

Acceptance and supply of raw materials for production

Solid bulk types of raw materials are delivered by rail or road, unloaded and stored in storage receiving bins. Liquid feedstocks (acids) are piped to the acid collection tanks. The supply of bulk types of raw materials from the receiving hoppers in the feed hopper is carried out by belt conveyors and elevators for lifting raw materials. Dosing of bulk types of raw materials from feed bins into the process is carried out by automatic weighing batchers, providing the necessary flow of raw materials, depending on the brand of fertilizer. The supply and dosing of acids to the process is carried out by pumps through consumables of instrumentation and automation, which also take into account the consumption of raw materials.

Stage of neutralization

The process of neutralizing phosphoric and sulfuric acids by potash is carried out in a reactor

- 1 015395 converter, equipped with a mixing device, which maintains the required temperature of the suspension. The components are fed into the neutralizing reactor through a mixer, in which preliminary mixing of acids and potash solution is carried out. An aqueous solution of potash is prepared in a separate collection box equipped with a mixing device. Water and potash are supplied through metering devices. The suspension obtained after neutralization is pumped to an intermediate collector. In the case of using ammophos and potassium sulfate as a raw material, ammophos is previously dissolved in a separate collector, and then the resulting solution is mixed with potassium sulfate in a neutralizing reactor until a homogeneous suspension is obtained, which is fed into an intermediate collector.

Mixing and granulating step

The process is carried out in a drum-type granulator, into which, using belt conveyors, an elevator and a screw conveyor, the reture fraction after the classifier and nitrogen-containing raw materials are fed (dosed with a tape dispenser from a feed hopper and pre-grinded in a rotary centrifugal mill).

The neutralized suspension from the intermediate collector is pumped through the nozzle to the granulator and sprayed onto the retur layer, where fertilizer granules are rolled up, which are then dried. The necessary trace elements are pre-dissolved in an intermediate collector in suspension.

Product drying

Drying of the product is carried out in a drum dryer, into which the product enters estrus from the granulator. The drying agent is air heated in steam heaters to a certain temperature. Dried to the required moisture content, the product enters cooling and classification.

Cooling and classification

Dried hot product in heat enters the drum refrigerator-classifier. A small fraction of the product (up to 2 mm) is removed from the middle part of the drum and returned to the reture tract. The working fraction (2-5 mm) is removed from the classifier to the finished product hopper, and the large fraction is returned through the crusher to the retour path. Retour weight flow is controlled using a conveyor scale.

Sanitary waste gas treatment

During the production process, all the process equipment is sucked off of exhaust gases, which are then sent by a fan to a centrifugal cyclone, where the main part of the dust fraction is deposited, and then the exhaust gases are sent for cleaning to a wet scrubber and emitted into the atmosphere through a droplet eliminator and exhaust pipe.

Using the proposed method allows to obtain complex chlorine-free fertilizers for carrots.

The invention is illustrated by the implementation of specific examples, table. one.

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Table 1. The composition of the fertilizer

| Components Fertilizer Offered The content of components, wt.% (Dry matter) one eleven 111 IV V 2 3 4 5 6 Integrated nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ΝΡΚ = 82.48% + modifying additive - chlorine-free fertilizer ("Kalyfos- Ν) - 17.52% (8 16.0% + Mg 1.5% + B 0.02%) prototype

The claimed fertilizer

Complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chlorine-free fertilizer ("Kalyfos-carrot"), brand ΝΡΚ = 13: 7: 15-17

1.1. Complex nitrogen-phosphoric potassium chlorine-free fertilizer + modifying additive ("Potassium-phosphate-1": 94.76 90.12 85.48 80.84 76.1 Sulfur 4.0 8.0 12.0 16,0 20,0 Magnesium 1,0 1,5 2.0 2,5 3.0 Boron 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Copper 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.45 Iron 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 1.2. Complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chlorine-free fertilizer + modifying additive ("Kalyfos- - carrot-2 ": 94.71 90.02 85.33 80.64 75.85 Sulfur 4.0 8.0 12.0 16,0 20,0 Magnesium 1,0 1,5 2.0 2,5 3.0 Boron 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Copper 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.45 Iron 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 Biologically active substances - 0.00 0.000005 0.0000075 0.000010 1 0.0000125 Epibrassinolides Binder 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 1.3. Complex nitrogen-phosphoric potassium chlorine-free fertilizer + modifying additive ("Potassium-phosphate-3": 94.76 90.12 85.48 80.84 76.10 Sulfur 4.0 8.0 12.0 16,0 20,0 Magnesium 1,0 1,5 2.0 2,5 3.0 Boron 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Copper 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.45 Cobalt 0.0001 0,0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 Iron 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20

The effectiveness of the claimed complex fertilizer with various modifying additives in the cultivation of carrots was tested on sod-podzolic light loamy soil, developing on powerful loess-like loams in the experimental base of RUE Institute for Vegetable Production of the NAS of Belarus in the village of Samokhvalovichi, Minsk region, Minsk region. Agrochemical indicators of the arable horizon of sod-podzolic light loamy soil, on which the effectiveness of complex chlorine-free fertilizers was tested during the cultivation of vegetable crops, were as follows (before setting up the experiments, according to the options): pH in KS1 - 4.95-5.21, P2O5 -187-192 and K ₂ O - 313-332 mg / kg of soil, humus content - 2.02-2.24%.

In the table. 2 shows the effectiveness (2005-2006) of the claimed complex fertilizers with an optimal content of modifying additives at a dose of carrot Ν ₇₀ Ρ ₃₈ Κ ₈₁ , which ensured maximum yield with good product quality.

The introduction of the inventive complex chlorine-free fertilizers Kalyfos-carrot with trace elements or with trace elements and growth regulator Epin (brand (= 13: 7: 15) in doses of Ν ₇₀ Ρ ₃₈ Κ ₈₁ (189 kg / ha a.a. ΝΡΚ) provided compared with prototype (Kalyfos-Ν) the total yield of carrot root crops for an average of two years of research at the level of 485-493 c / ha, standard production - 333357 c / ha. The increase in carrot yield in relation to the prototype was 32-40 c / ha (total yield) and 19-43 (standard production) c / ha. There was a tendency to increase carrot yield when applying slow-acting complex chlorine-free fertilizer with the addition of trace elements and plant growth regulator Epin (Kalyfos-carrot-2) by 8 kg / ha (total yield) - 24 kg / ha (standard production), as well as increasing standard root crops by 3.7%, compared with Kalyfos-carrot-1.

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Table 2. The effect of new forms and doses of complex fertilizers with the addition of trace elements and biologically active substances on the productivity of root crops of carrots of the Lyavonikha variety, 2005-2006.

Options Productivity, t / ha Nitrates, mg / kg (2005-2006) common standard products 2005 2006 Wednesdays more increase to proto type 2005 2006 average prototype increase Fertilizer-free control 256 440 348 - 187 354 271 111 Ν70Ρ38Κ81 complex chlorine-free fertilizer with 5, Mg and B ("Kalyfos- Ν") prototype 452 453 453 - 256 371 314 - 205 Ν70Ρ38Κ81 complex chlorine-free fertilizer with 8, Mg, B, Si, Re (Kalifosmorkovnoye-1) 476 493 485 32 272 393 333 nineteen 164 Ν70Ρ38Κ8complex with 8, Mg, B, Cu, Re, “Epin” and a binder (“Kaliyfosmorkovnoe-2”) 496 489 493 40 303 410 357 43 131 NDS ₀₅ 27.9 36.5 - 20.5 29.9 - - 19,2

For vegetable crops, including carrots, it is important to establish the level of fertilizer application at which the nitrate content in the product does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. In the Republic of Belarus, the permissible nitrate level in early carrots (when harvested before September) is 400 mg / kg, late carrots (September-October) - 200 mg / kg. The nitrate content in the roots of carrots of the Lyavonikha variety at the time of harvesting on average for two years of research (2005-2006) in the variants with the claimed fertilizers was lower than the MPC (164 and 131 mg / kg), while its minimum value in the variant with fertilizer Kalyfos-carrot-2, tab. 3.

The nitrate content in the roots of carrots of the Lyavonikha variety under the conditions of 2005 is given in table. 3. At the time of the intermediate accounting of the crop (August 23, 2005), the nitrate content in the roots of carrots was in the range from 97 to 286 mg / kg, depending on the experimental options. The highest nitrate content in root crops (265 mg / kg) was in the variant with the addition of Kalyfos-Ν (prototype), and with the addition of Kalyfos-carrot-1 and Kalyfos-carrot-2 (286 mg / kg) at an increased dose fertilizers (Ν ₉₀ Ρ ₄₈ Κ ₁₀₄ ), however, did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (400 mg / kg). At the time of harvesting, the nitrate content in carrots in all experimental variants was in the range from 49 to 161 mg / kg and did not exceed the MPC (200 mg / kg). A month before harvesting, the nitrate content in the tops of carrots was high in all experiment variants; by the time of harvesting, it had sharply decreased (4.1–7.9 times, depending on the experiment variant).

Table 3. The influence of the forms and doses of the claimed complex fertilizers with the addition of trace elements and biologically active substances on the nitrate content in the main and by-products of carrots Lyavonikha variety

Options The content of nitrates, mg / kg root fruit tops roots tops 08/23/2005 09/30. 2005 year Fertilizer-free control 97 358 78 266 Ν70Ρ38Κ81 complex "Kalyfos-Ν" prototype 265 1186 161 236 HT η TS 1Ν70Γ 38 ^ 81 Λ.νινιιυιυΛΛιινν \ νιχϊυι * ι * ιψνυ- carrot-1 " 1 AP OPU OKHU ΟΛ OU 1 PS 1 and Ν90Ρ48Κ104 complex "Kalyfos- carrot-1 " 286 1319 106 166 Ν90Ρ48Κ104 complex "Kalyfos- carrot-2 " 190 1245 96 176 NDS ₀₅ 18.7 100.9 24.1 60,2 PDC 400 200

The proposed compositions of the complex granular chlorine-free fertilizer contain the complex of necessary nutrients for carrots and allow to increase the yield of carrot root crops on sod-podzolic light loamy soil by 19-43 kg / ha, while reducing the nitrate content by 20-36%, compared with the prototype (complex chlorine-free fertilizer Kalyfos-Ν).

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The proposed complex granular non-chlorine fertilizer with trace elements and biologically active additives and the method for its production meet the criteria of novelty, which consists in the combination and quantitative content of all components in the fertilizer.

The proposed complex granular non-chlorine fertilizer with microelements and a biologically active additive and the method for its production meet the criteria of an inventive step, since the introduced amount of modifying additives provides an increase in the yield and quality of carrots.

The proposed complex granular chlorine-free fertilizer with microelements and biologically active additives and the method for its production meet the criterion of industrial applicability on the basis that its industrial production is possible at chemical enterprises producing complex chlorine-free fertilizers, including Grintur LLC (Republic of Belarus).

Information sources

1. Ka1a1odaz ΚΕΜΙΚΑ ϋΆΒ ΚΕΜΙΚΑ LOCO νΐΕΝΙϋδ, 98 - rauazapz 99, 113 s.

2. Ka1a1odaz ΟΚΕΕΝΤΟϋΚ - chlorine-free fertilizers (prototype).

Claims (2)

CLAIM 1. A complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chlorine-free fertilizer for carrots containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and modifying additives 8, MD, B, characterized in that it additionally contains Cu, Co, Her and, if necessary, the plant growth regulator epin as a biologically active substance and / or water-soluble polymers (GRP), silicates, such as sodium silicate, as binders in the following ratio of components, wt.%: nitrogen-phosphorus-potash fertilizer 75.85 - 94.71 sulfur 4.0-20.0 magnesium 1.0-3.0 boron 0.05 - 0.25 copper (including chelated form) Λ 1 H A L S cobalt (including chelate form) 0.0 - 0.0020 iron (including chelate form) 0.04 - 0.20 biologically active substances 0.00- 0.0000125 binder 0.00- 0.25 2. A method of obtaining a complex chlorine-free nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for carrots containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and modifying additives 8, MD, B, Cu, Co, It according to claim 1, comprising the following stages: receiving and supplying raw materials for production ; stage of neutralization; mixing and granulating step; product drying; cooling and classification; sanitary cleaning of exhaust gases.