JPH0470356B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to unleaded gasoline, and more particularly to unleaded gasoline having a specified component composition and excellent in various performances. Problems to be solved by conventional technology and inventions In Japan, unleaded regular gasoline with an octane number of 90 to 91 has been on the market since 1975, and in 1980, unleaded regular gasoline, which is prone to knocking depending on driving conditions, has been marketed. Unleaded high-octane gasoline with a high octane number of 96 to 98 has been released, overcoming the disadvantages of gasoline. Although the problem of knotting has been temporarily resolved with the advent of unleaded high octane gasoline, recent improvements in automobile technology have led to both regular gasoline and high octane gasoline having qualities that enable higher drivability. There has been a growing demand for a new type of unleaded gasoline that has excellent acceleration performance at low speeds, medium speeds, high speeds, and when climbing hills, as well as excellent running stability. As a result of repeated research to develop a new gasoline that satisfies the above requirements, the inventors of the present invention have found that by precisely specifying its component composition, a new type of unleaded gasoline with extremely superior performance can be obtained. This finding led to the completion of the present invention. Compared to conventional unleaded gasoline, the present invention improves acceleration from a standstill to low speeds, acceleration from low speeds to medium speeds,
Providing a new unleaded gasoline with improved acceleration from medium speeds to high speeds, further acceleration at high speeds, various types of acceleration such as hill-climbing power, and further improved startability at low temperatures and drivability (warm-up) at low temperatures. The purpose is to Means for Solving the Problems That is, the present invention provides (a) a paraffinic hydrocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, 15 to 30
Volume %, (b) Paraffinic hydrocarbons with 7 to 8 carbon atoms 10 to 25
Volume %, (c) Paraffinic hydrocarbons having 9 to 11 carbon atoms 1 to 8
Volume %, (d) Olefinic hydrocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms 0 to 25
Volume %, (e) Olefinic hydrocarbon having 7 to 8 carbon atoms 0 to 7
Volume %, (f) Olefinic hydrocarbon having 9 to 11 carbon atoms 0 to 5
(g) 3 to 8 volume % of aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 7 carbon atoms, and (h) 15 to 40 volume % of aromatic hydrocarbons having 8 to 12 carbon atoms as essential components; An unleaded gasoline characterized by having a component composition that satisfies the conditions of formulas (1) to (5) below. 35≦(a)＋(d)≦45 (capacity%) (1) 15≦(b)＋(e)＋(g)≦30 (capacity%) (2) 35≦(c)＋(f)＋ (h)≦45 (capacity%) (3) 0≦VO (WHOLE)≦25 (capacity%) (4) VA (WHOLE)≦50 (capacity%) (5). In the above formula, (a) + (d) is
(a) component and (d) component, (b) + (e) + (g) is (b) component, (e)
Component and (g) component and (c) + (f) + (h) are (c) component, (f)
Indicates the total amount (volume %) of component and (h) component, respectively, and also VO (WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE)
indicate the olefin content and aromatic content (volume %) of the entire gasoline, respectively. Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be explained in more detail. Component (a) in the present invention is a paraffinic hydrocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, specifically, for example, n
-Butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, or two or more types selected from these and mixtures of these compounds. The content of component (a) in the entire gasoline is 15 to 30% by volume, preferably 17 to 25% by volume.
It is. Component (b) in the present invention is a paraffinic hydrocarbon having 7 to 8 carbon atoms, and specifically, for example,
n-heptane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,3-
dimethylpentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane,
3,3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, n-octane, 2-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, 4-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylhexane, 2, 3-dimethylhexane, 2,4-dimethylhexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane, 3-
Ethylhexane, 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2,3,
3-trimethylpentane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentane,
3-methyl-3-ethylpentane, 2,2,3,
Examples include 3-tetramethylbutane and a mixture of two or more compounds selected from these. The content of component (b) in the whole gasoline is
10-25% by volume, preferably 12-20% by volume. Component (c) in the present invention is a paraffinic hydrocarbon having 9 to 11 carbon atoms, and specifically, for example,
n-nonane, 2-methyloctane, 3-methyloctane, 4-methyloctane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,3-dimethylheptane, 2,4-
dimethylheptane, 2,5-dimethylheptane,
2,6-dimethylheptane, 3,3-dimethylheptane, 3,4-dimethylheptane, 3,5-dimethylheptane, 4,4-dimethylheptane, 3
-Ethylheptane, 4-ethylheptane, 2-methyl-3-ethylhexane, 2-methyl-4-ethylhexane, 3-methyl-3-ethylhexane, 3-methyl-4-ethylhexane 2,2,3
-trimethylhexane, 2,2,4-trimethylhexane, 2,2,5-trimethylhexane,
2,3,3-trimethylhexane, 2,3,4-
Trimethylhexane, 2,3,5-trimethylhexane, 2,4,4-trimethylhexane, 3,
3,4-trimethylhexane, 2,2,3,3-
Tetramethylpentane, 2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentane, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane, 2,3,3,4-tetramethylpentane, 2,2-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane ,
2,3-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane, 2,4
-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane, n-decane,
2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexane, 2,
2,5-trimethylheptane, 2,2,4,5-
Tetramethylhexane, 2,2,6-trimethylheptane, 2,2,3,5-tetramethylhexane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-ethylhexane,
2,2,4-trimethylheptane, 2,4-dimethyloctane, 2,4,4-trimethylheptane, 2,5,5-trimethylheptane, 2,2,
3,5-tetramethylhexane, 2,2,3,4
-tetramethylhexane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, 2,3,6-trimethylheptane, 3,
3,5-trimethylheptane, 2,4-dimethyl-3-isopropylpentane, 2,3,5-trimethylheptane, 2,4,5-trimethylheptane, 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylhexane,
2,2,4-trimethyl-3-ethylpentane,
2,5-dimethyloctane, 2,2,3-trimethylheptane, 2,4-dimethyl-4-ethylhexane, 2,6-dimethyloctane, 2,2-dimethyl-3-ethylhexane, 2,2,3 ,4,
4-pentamethylpentane, 2-methyl-5-ethylheptane, 2,7-dimethyloctane, 3,
5-dimethyloctane, 3,6-dimethyloctane, 4-isopropylheptane, 2-methyl-4
-ethylheptane, 2,3,3-trimethylheptane, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylhexane,
4,4-dimethyloctane, 3-methyl-5-ethylheptane, 2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexane, 3,3-dimethyloctane, 4,5-dimethyloctane, 4-propylheptane, 3,4
-diethylhexane, 2,3,4-trimethylheptane, 2-methyl-3-isopropylhexane, 2,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane,
2,3-dimethyloctane, 3-methyl-3-ethylheptane, 3,3,4-trimethylheptane, 3,4,4-trimethylheptane, 3,4,
5-trimethylheptane, 2,3-dimethyl-4
-ethylhexane, 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylhexane, 3,3-dimethyl-4-ethylhexane, 5-methylnonane, 4-methylnonane,
2,3,3,4-tetramethylhexane, 2,
2,3,3,4-pentamethylpentane, 3,4
-dimethyloctane, 2-methyl-3-ethylheptane, 3,3-diethylhexane, 2-methylnonane, 3-methyl-4-ethylheptane, 4-
Methyl-3-ethylheptane, 4-methyl-4-
Ethylheptane, 2,3,4-trimethyl-3-
Ethylpentane, 3-ethyloctane, 4-ethyloctane, 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-ethylpentane, 3-methylnonane, 2,3-dimethyl-3-ethylhexane, 3,4-dimethyl-3
Examples include -ethylhexane, 3,3,4,4-tetramethylhexane, 2-methyl-3,3-diethylpentane, n-undecane, and a mixture of two or more compounds selected from these. The content of component (c) in the whole gasoline is 1~
8% by volume, preferably 1-5% by volume. The component (d) in the present invention is an olefinic hydrocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, and specifically, for example,
1-butene, 2-butene, isobutylene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-
Butene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, 3-hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-
1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 2-
Methyl-2-pentene, 3-methyl-2-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, 2-ethyl-1
-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 2,
Examples include 3-dimethyl-2-butene and a mixture of two or more compounds selected from these. The content of component (d) in the total gasoline is 0 to 25% by volume, preferably 0 to 20% by volume. Component (e) in the present invention is an olefin hydrocarbon having 7 to 8 carbon atoms, and specifically, for example,
4-4-dimethyl-1-pentene, cis-4,
4, dimethyl-2-pentene, trans-4,4
-dimethyl-2-pentene, 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 2,4
-dimethyl-2-pentene, 3-methyl-1-hexene, 3-ethyl-1-pentene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-pentene, trans-4-methyl-
2-hexene, 5-methyl-1-hexene, trans-5-methyl-2-hexene, cis-2-methyl-3-hexene, trans-2-methyl-3
-hexene, cis-3,4-dimethyl-2-pentene, trans-3,4-dimethyl-2-pentene, 4-methyl-1-hexene, cis-4-methyl-2-hexene, 3-methyl-2 -ethyl-1
-butene, cis-5-methyl-2-hexene, 2
-Methyl-1-hexene, 1-heptene, cis-
3-Methyl-2-hexene, trans-3-methyl-2-hexene, cis-3-methyl-3-hexene, trans-3-methyl-3-hexene, 2
-ethyl-1-pentene, 3-ethyl-2-pentene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, cis-3-heptene, trans-3-heptene 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene, trans-2-heptene, cis-2-heptene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1
-pentene, 5,5-dimethyl-1-hexene,
Cis-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene, trans-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene, 3,4,
4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-2
-isopropyl-1-butene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-hexene, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene,
3,3,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, cis-
2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene, trans-
2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene, cis-4,4
-dimethyl-2-hexene, trans-4,4-
Dimethyl-2-hexene, cis-5,5-dimethyl-2-hexene, trans-5,5-dimethyl-2-hexene, 4-methyl-3-ethyl-1-
Pentene, 4,4-dimethyl-1-hexene, cis-2,4-dimethyl-3-hexene, trans-2,4-dimethyl-3-hexene, 2,3,3
-trimethyl-1-pentene, 2,3,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 4,5-dimethyl-1-
Hexene, 2,4-dimethyl-2-hexene, cis-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene, trans-4,5-dimethyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1-pentene, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-ethyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-2-ethyl-1-pentane, 3-ethyl-1-hexene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-hexene, 2,5-
Dimethyl-1-hexene, 3,3-dimethylhexene, cis-3,5-dimethyl-2-hexene,
3-methyl-3-ethyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-2-ethyl-1-pentene, 6-methyl-
1-heptene, 3-ethyl-3-hexene, 2-
Examples include methyl-2-heptene, 4-octene, and a mixture of two or more compounds selected from these. The content of component (e) in the total gasoline is 0 to 7% by volume, preferably 0 to 5% by volume. Component (f) in the present invention is an olefinic hydrocarbon having 9 to 11 carbon atoms, specifically, for example,
1-nonene, cis-2-nonene, trans-2-
nonene, cis-3-nonene, trans-3-nonene, cis-4-nonene, 1-decene, 3-decene, 1-undecene, 3-undecene, trans-4-undecene, cis-5-decene, trans- Examples include 5-decene and a mixture of two or more compounds selected from these. The content of component (f) in the entire gasoline is 0 to 5% by volume, preferably 0 to 4% by volume. Component (g) in the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 7 carbon atoms, and specifically includes benzene, toluene, and mixtures thereof. The content of component (g) in the total gasoline is 3 to 8% by volume, preferably 4 to 7% by volume. Component (h) in the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and specifically, for example, 0-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene. , 1-methyl-2-ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, butylbenzene, 1-methyl-
Propylbenzene, diethylbenzene, 1,2-
Dimethyl-3-ethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5
-tetramethylbenzene, 2-phenyl-3-methylbutane, 3-phenylpentane, 2-phenylpentane, 1-methyl-3-isobutylbenzene, 1-phenyl-2-methylbutane, 1,3
-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzene, 1-ethyl-4-n-propylbenzene, n-pentylbenzene, 1-methyl-4-n-butylbenzene, 1-methyl-2,6-diethylbenzene,
1,2,4-trimethyl-5-ethylbenzene,
Examples include dimethyldiethylbenzene and a mixture of two or more compounds selected from these. The content of component (h) in the whole gasoline is
15-40% by volume, preferably 25-40% by volume. It is important that the unleaded gasoline of the present invention not only contain the above-mentioned components (a) to (h) in specific amounts, but also have a component composition that simultaneously satisfies the conditions of formulas (1) to (5). The condition for formula (1) is that the total amount of components (a) and (d) is 35
The condition of formula (2) is that the total amount of component (b), component (e) and component (g) is 15 to 30% by volume, preferably 37 to 45% by volume, and preferably 37 to 45% by volume. is 15 to 27% by volume, and the condition of formula (3) is that the total amount of component (c), component (f), and component (h) is 35 to 45% by volume, preferably 37 to 45% by volume. %. In the present invention, if the component composition of gasoline does not simultaneously satisfy the conditions of formulas (1), (2), and (3), various acceleration characteristics, low-temperature startability, and drivability (warm-up performance) may be affected. Not desirable because it is inferior. On the other hand, the condition of formula (4) is that the olefin content of the entire gasoline is 0 to 25% by volume, preferably 0 to 20% by volume.
Formula (5) also shows that the aromatic content of the entire gasoline is 50% by volume or less, preferably 45% by volume or less. In addition, the olefin content and aromatic content in formulas (5) and (6) of the present invention mean values measured by the JIS K 2536 fuel oil hydrocarbon component testing method (fluorescent indicator adsorption method). are doing. In the present invention, if the component composition of gasoline does not satisfy the conditions of equations (4) and (5), the stability of the gasoline itself may deteriorate, or the materials used in automobile exhaust gas and fuel systems may deteriorate. This is not desirable as it may have a negative effect on The blending materials used in producing the unleaded gasoline of the present invention and their blending ratios are arbitrary. light naphtha obtained by catalytic cracking, cracked gasoline obtained by catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, etc., reformed gasoline obtained by catalytic reforming, polymerized gasoline obtained by polymerization of olefins, and addition of lower olefins to hydrocarbons such as isobutane. Alkylate obtained by (alkylation), isomerate obtained by isomerization of linear lower paraffinic hydrocarbons,
De-n-
Paraffin oil, fractions thereof having a specific boiling point range, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. can be used as the compounding material. However, in the present invention, as described above, the final blended gasoline contains specific amounts of components (a) to (h), and simultaneously satisfies the component composition conditions shown in formulas (1) to (5). It is important to satisfy the above requirements, and to achieve this, the unleaded gasoline of the present invention cannot be produced simply by mixing the above-mentioned blending materials, but rather the composition of the blending materials used and the composition of the blending materials used must be mixed. It is necessary to choose the proportions precisely. In addition, it is important that the composition of the unleaded gasoline of the present invention satisfies the above conditions, but in addition, the 10% distillation temperature specified in the fuel oil distillation test method of JIS K 2254 must be 40 to 55℃. It is desirable that the 90% distillation temperature is within the range of 150 to 175°C. Further, the unleaded gasoline of the present invention can be used as regular gasoline or high octane gasoline. When used as a regular gasoline, it should have a Research Method Octane Number of less than 95, preferably between 89 and less than 95, and when used as a high octane gasoline, it should have a Research Method Octane Number of at least 95, preferably at least 98. It is desirable that there be. The unleaded gasoline of the present invention contains the above-mentioned components (a) to (h) in specific amounts, and also contains 5 to 11 carbon atoms.
naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentane,
Cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, ethylcyclopentane, dimethylcyclohexane, trimethylcyclopentane, methylethylcyclopentane, dimethylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, propylcyclopentane, butylcyclopentane, or a mixture of two or more compounds selected from these, etc. may contain.
Although the content of these naphthenic hydrocarbons is arbitrary, it is usually 5% by volume or less based on the total gasoline. Furthermore, in the unleaded gasoline of the present invention, if necessary, antioxidants such as phenols and amines, surface ignition inhibitors such as metal deactivators such as Schiff type compounds and thioamide type compounds, succinimide, polyalkyl Cleaning and dispersing agents such as amines and polyether amines, anti-icing agents such as polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, combustion improvers such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, sulfuric esters of higher alcohols, anionic surfactants , cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and other antistatic agents; and azo dyes and other coloring agents. Known fuel oil additives may be added singly or in combination. Although the amount of these fuel oil additives added is arbitrary, it is usually preferable to add them so that the total amount added is 0.1% by weight or less. Furthermore, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, and methyl-
Octane improvers such as ethers such as t-butyl ether may also be added. The amount of these octane improvers added is also optional, but it is usually 15% by weight.
The following are preferred. Examples Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Examples and Comparative Examples 44 parts by volume of catalytically reformed gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, 27 parts by volume of light fraction of fluidized catalytic cracked gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, heavy fraction of catalytically reformed gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil 19 parts by volume of the fraction and 10 parts by volume of an alkylate obtained by the alkylation reaction of isobutane and lower olefin were blended to obtain the unleaded gasoline of the present invention. Table 1 shows the composition of the base material, and Table 2 shows the properties and composition of the resulting unleaded gasoline. Also, for comparison,
Table 2 shows the properties and composition of commercially available unleaded gasoline. The compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 [excluding VO (WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE)]
All were separated, fixed, and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Using the gasoline of this example and the comparative example, various performance evaluation tests were conducted as shown below, and the results were reported in the third test.
Shown in the table. [Acceleration performance test 1 (stop → low speed, low speed → medium speed, medium speed → high speed)] A passenger car (Car A) with a total displacement of 1500 c.c., manual transmission, and carburetor specification was used. Under conditions of throttle valve full throttle acceleration, shift from low gear to second gear and vehicle speed goes from 0 to 60 km/h.
hr, and the time required for the vehicle speed to reach 40 → 80 Km/hr and 80 → 120 Km/hr in top gear. [Acceleration performance test 2 (hill climbing force)] Using vehicle A, on a road with a 5% uphill slope, with the throttle valve fully open and accelerating, the vehicle speed was changed from low gear to second gear in the order of 0 to 80 km/hr, and the vehicle speed was changed to third gear. The time taken for the speed to reach from 40 to 80 km/hr was measured. [Acceleration performance test 3 (climbing power)] A passenger car (Car B) with a total displacement of 2000 c.c., an automatic transmission, and a fuel injection type was used to accelerate on an 8% uphill slope with the throttle valve fully open. The time required for the vehicle speed to reach 120 km/hr from 0 to 120 km/hr was measured in D range under the following conditions.

【table】

【table】

【table】

【table】

[Table] Effects of the Invention As is clear from the results of various performance evaluation tests shown in Table 3, the unleaded gasoline of the present invention has improved acceleration from a standstill to low speeds and from low to medium speeds compared to currently commercially available unleaded gasoline. It is a gasoline with excellent performance that improves various acceleration performance such as acceleration to high speed, acceleration from medium speed to high speed, acceleration from low speed to high speed, and hill climbing ability.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 (a) Paraffinic hydrocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms 15
~30% by volume, (b) 10-25 paraffinic hydrocarbons with 7-8 carbon atoms
Volume %, (c) Paraffinic hydrocarbons having 9 to 11 carbon atoms 1 to 8
Volume %, (d) Olefinic hydrocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms 0 to 25
Volume %, (e) Olefinic hydrocarbon having 7 to 8 carbon atoms 0 to 7
Volume %, (f) Olefinic hydrocarbon having 9 to 11 carbon atoms 0 to 5
(g) 3 to 8 volume % of aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 7 carbon atoms, and (h) 15 to 40 volume % of aromatic hydrocarbons having 8 to 12 carbon atoms as essential components; An unleaded gasoline characterized by having a component composition that satisfies the conditions of formulas (1) to (5) below. 35≦(a)＋(d)≦45 (capacity%) (1) 15≦(b)＋(e)＋(g)≦30 (capacity%) (2) 35≦(c)＋(f)＋ (h)≦45 (capacity%) (3) 0≦VO (WHOLE)≦25 (capacity%) (4) VA (WHOLE)≦50 (capacity%) (5) [In the above formula, (a) + ( d) is (a) component and (d) component, (b) +
(e) + (g) is (b) component, (e) component and (g) component, and (c)
+(f)+(h) indicates the total amount (volume%) of component (c), component (f), and component (h), respectively, and VO (WHOLE)
and VA (WHOLE) indicate the olefin content and aromatic content (volume %) of the entire gasoline, respectively. ]