JPH0457092A - Automatic musical performance device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To execute an automatic musical performance having an abundant musical property by which the variation of a musical performance expression which accompanies a charge of a tempo is obtained by sending out data related to sound length corrected in accordance with a tempo instructed by a performer to a musical tone generating means. CONSTITUTION:When a power source is turned on, an internal register of a CPU 31, a register and a flag, etc., defined in a working memory 33, and also, a prescribed hardware are initialized. Subsequently, information of key-push/key- release of a keyboard and turn-on/turn-off information of a panel switch are inputted, and set to a prescribed register of a memory 33. Next, by referring successively to the contents of the register, whether some event exists or not is checked. When it is decided to be a key event, all events are outputted to a sound source part 7. In such a way, simultaneous sounding can be executed. In a rhythm/tempo storage processing, whether a designated rhythm/tempo value is equal to a value set already in the memory 33 or not is checked, and when it is judged not to be equal, an inputted tempo event value is stored, and send out to a tempo clock generating circuit 4, by which a rhythm/tempo is changed, and an automatic musical performance is executed by a new tempo.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to an automatic performance device, and more particularly to an automatic performance device that performs automatic performance while reading performance data stored in a memory.

(Prior art) Generally, when a performer plays an instrument at a certain tempo, as the tempo increases, each preceding value (note) becomes shorter, that is, staccato (crisp and rhythmic). tend to play. Conversely, as the tempo becomes slower, there is a tendency to play each prefix (note) longer, in other words tenuto (smoothly so that each note is connected).

In other words, even if the music is the same and the rhythm is the same on the musical score, the actual notes played will be longer due to differences in tempo, and the length relative to the tempo will not always be constant.

However, in conventional automatic performance devices or electronic musical instruments with automatic accompaniment, MIDI (Musical
Instrument Digital Inter
When transmitting performance data to the sound source section through the clock (face), or when transmitting performance data to the built-in sound source section of an electronic musical instrument with automatic accompaniment, the clock ( The relative position (step time) and note length (gate time) of the output note data relative to the tempo clock (tempo clock) do not change, but only become shorter or longer at a fixed rate.

Therefore, when music is played automatically using an automatic performance device or an electronic instrument with automatic accompaniment, the music has the disadvantage that there is no change in performance expression, and there are subtle differences from music played by humans, making it impossible to perform with rich musicality. was there.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances. The purpose is to provide an automatic performance device that can perform music.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) The automatic performance device of the present invention comprises: a storage means for storing performance data including at least data regarding note length; a designation means for designating a performance tempo; a correction means for correcting data regarding note length in the performance data stored in the storage means in accordance with a tempo designated by the correction means; and a musical sound generation means for generating a musical tone based on the performance data corrected by the correction means. It is characterized by having the following.

(Function) The present invention corrects data regarding note length included in performance data in accordance with the tempo specified by the performer, and sends the performance data including the corrected data regarding note length to a musical sound generating means to generate a musical sound. occurs and plays automatically. As a result, for example, when the tempo is fast, the tone length is corrected and output more staccato, and when the tempo is slow, the tone length is corrected and output more tenuto, making it possible to produce performance expressions that are close to the music played by humans even in automatic performance. ing.

(Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a block diagram of essential parts of an embodiment of an automatic performance device according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1 is a key/panel switch section, which is composed of a keyboard made up of multiple keys, a panel switch, and a detection circuit that detects key press/release of the keyboard and on/off of a switch. .

Reference numeral 2 denotes a display unit, which includes, for example, a segment display or an LCD display that displays the on/off status of the panel switch in the key/panel switch unit 1, and a control circuit that controls the display unit. It consists of

3 is a microcomputer section, which is composed of a CPU (central processing unit) 31, a program memory 32, and a working memory 33.

When a power switch (not shown) provided in the key/panel switch unit 1 is turned on, the CPU 3 starts operating according to a control program stored in the program memory 32, and controls each part within the device. CPU3
1 normally executes a main program (see FIG. 3) to perform predetermined processing, but when a tempo clock signal from a tempo clock generation circuit 4, which will be described later, is supplied to the interrupt input terminal IT of the CPU 31. The execution of the main program is temporarily interrupted, and a rhythm play program (see FIG. 6) relating to the features of the present invention is executed. Details of this rhythm play program will be described later.

The program memory 32 is composed of, for example, a ROM (read-only storage device). The program memory 32 stores the above-mentioned main program, rhythm play program, subprograms thereof, tables, etc., as well as various fixed data necessary for the operation of the CPU 31.

The working memory 33 is composed of, for example, a RAM (rewritable storage device).

The working memory 33 defines registers and flags necessary for processing by the CPU 31, and is also provided with a buffer area for temporarily storing various data.

The CPU 31 uses the registers defined in this RAM 33,
Processing proceeds depending on the status of flags and the like. The main registers and flags used in this invention are as follows.

■Auto pattern flag (APT): This is a flag that indicates the operating status of auto pattern (automatic performance), and is set to "1".
"0" indicates it is in operation, and "0" indicates it is stopped.

(2) Tempo counter (TCNT): This is a counter that increments the tempo clock signal from the tempo clock generation circuit 4 each time the tempo clock signal is generated.

(2) Read data register (RDATO~3): This register stores performance data read from the pattern data memory 5, and includes a 4-byte register.

(2) Rhythm tempo register (RTMP): This is a register that stores tempo data when playing pattern data.

■Note-off processing table This table stores data forming a note-off data processing curve (see FIG. 9; details will be described later).

■Compression/expansion rate register (PERC): Note-off data N converted by note-off data processing curve
This is a register that stores the OF compression or expansion rate.

The tempo clock generation circuit 4 generates a tempo clock signal and interrupts the CPU 31. This tempo clock generation circuit 4 generates a tempo clock signal at intervals set by an operator (not shown) of the key/panel switch section 1. The CPU 31 executes the rhythm play program when it receives the tempo clock signal.

The pattern data memory 5 is composed of, for example, a ROM, and stores various types of automatic performance data. The automatic performance is performed by reading out the performance data stored in the pattern data memory 5 and producing sounds.

Details of the performance data stored in the pattern data memory 5 will be described later.

The buffer register 6 stores on/off state changes caused by operations of keys, panel switches, and the like. An operation from on to off is stored as an off event, and an operation from off to on is stored as an on event.

Further, the buffer register 6 is used to temporarily store the performance data stored in the pattern data memory 5 for simultaneous sound generation processing and the like.

The sound source section 7 generates all musical tone signals according to the performance data read out from the pattern data memory 5. This sound source section 7 has a plurality of tone signal forming channels. The output of this sound source section 7 is supplied to a sound system 8.

The sound system 8 is composed of, for example, an amplifier and a speaker or headphones connected to the amplifier, and is configured to generate and output musical tones.

In addition, the key/panel switch section 1, display section 2, CP
U31, program memory 32, working memory 33
, tempo clock generation circuit 4, pattern data memory 5
, buffer register 6, and sound source section 7 are interconnected by a bus 9.

FIG. 2 shows the format of performance data stored in the pattern data memory 5. As shown in FIG. FIG. 5A shows the format of key press data, which is composed of 4 bytes of data, and each byte is allocated as follows.

The status field is composed of 4-bit data for identifying the type of performance data, and stores a predetermined data pattern indicating that the data is key press data.

The part mark field stores 4-bit data specifying whether the data is a drum part 1~, a bass part 1~, or a chord part.

The key number field stores the number of the pressed key (to be sounded).

The step time field stores the timing at which the key is pressed (when it should sound).

The velocity field stores data on the strength or speed of key depression (sounding).

FIG. 2(b) shows the format of the key release data.
It consists of bytes of data, and each byte is allocated as follows.

The status field is composed of 4-bit data for identifying the type of performance data, and stores a predetermined data pattern indicating that the data is key release data.

The part mark field is the same as the key press data described above.

The key number field is also the same as the key press data described above.

The step time field stores the key release timing (when the sound should be muted).

The fourth byte is not used and normally stores 'OOMJ. Note that the subscript "ll" indicates a hexadecimal number.

Figure 2 (C) shows the format of the effect data.
It consists of bytes of data, and each byte is allocated as follows.

The status field is composed of 4-bit data for identifying the type of performance data, and stores a predetermined data pattern indicating that it is effect data.

The part mark field is the same as the key press data described above.

The step time field stores the timing for inserting sound effects.

The effect value field stores data specifying the type of effect, such as pitch bend.

The fourth byte is not used and normally stores rouJ.

Figure 2(d) shows the format of the end data, 4
It consists of bytes of data, and each byte is allocated as follows.

The status field is composed of 4-bit data for identifying the type of performance data, and stores a predetermined data pattern indicating that the data is the end data. "OH" is stored in the lower four bits of this byte.

The step time field stores the timing at which automatic performance ends.

The 3rd and 4th bytes are not used and are usually '0OIIJ
is stored.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 3 to 8.

FIG. 3 shows the operation of the main routine of the automatic performance apparatus of the present invention.

Processing begins when the device is powered on.
Initial setting processing is performed (step Sl).

That is, it initializes the internal registers of the CPU 31, sets the registers and flags defined in the working memory 33 to initial values, and further initializes predetermined hardware.

Next, keyboard key press/key release information and panel switch on/off information are input and set in a predetermined register (hereinafter referred to as "scan register") in the working memory 33 (step S2).

Next, by sequentially referring to the contents of this scan register, it is determined whether any event has occurred (
Step S3). Here, if it is determined that no event exists, the process returns to step S2 and loops while repeating the same process until it is detected that some event has occurred.

If any event is detected in the above loop, the process moves to step 84 and subsequent steps. Here, keyboard events include key events caused by key depression or key release, and panel switch events include rhythm selection, rhythm tempo, rhythm start, and rhythm stop.

First, it is checked whether the event that has occurred is a key event (step S4). If it is determined that it is a key event, information on the key press/key release event is output (step S5).

That is, key events that occur simultaneously are stored in the buffer register 6, and all these events are output to the sound source section 7. This allows for simultaneous pronunciation. Thereafter, the process returns to step S2 and the same process as described above is repeated.

If it is determined in step S4 that the event that has occurred is not a key event, it is checked whether it is a rhythm selection event (step S6). When it is determined that the event is a rhythm selection event, the type of rhythm selected by the key/panel switch section 1 is set in a register (not shown) in the working memory 33 (step S7).

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S6 that the event that has occurred is not a rhythm selection event, it is checked whether or not it is a rhythm tempo event (step S8).
). That is, it is checked whether the operator for changing the rhythm tempo of the key/panel switch section 1- has been operated. When it is determined that the event is a rhythm tempo event, a subroutine for rhythm tempo storage processing is called, and processing for updating the rhythm tempo register RTMP is performed (step S9).

In the rhythm tempo storage process, as shown in FIG. A check is made to see if this is the case (step 520). In this case, if it is the first rhythm tempo event after the power is turned on, the rhythm tempo register RTMP stores a rhythm-specific default tempo value set in the initial setting (step Sl) of the main program.

If it is determined in step S20 that they are equal, this subroutine is immediately returned without performing the update process. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S20 that they are not equal, the input tempo event value is stored in the rhythm tempo register RTMP (step 521). Next, the contents of the rhythm tempo register RTMP are sent to the tempo clock generation circuit 4, and then this subroutine is returned (step 522). As a result, the rhythm tempo is changed, and automatic performance is performed at the new tempo.

The process returns to step s2 by returning to the main routine from step S20 or S22, and the same processing as described above is repeated.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step s8 of the main routine that the detected event is not a rhythm tempo event, it is checked whether it is a rhythm start event (step 5IO).

When it is determined that it is a rhythm start event, the auto pattern flag AT'P defined in the working memory 33 is set to "1", and the contents of the tempo counter TCNT are cleared to zero ( Step 511). In this case, if it is the first rhythm start event after the power is turned on, the initial settings of the main program (
The rhythm-specific default value set in step Sl) (
The auto pattern flag ATP is stored as "0", and the tempo counter TCNT is stored as 'OJ). This rhythm start event causes the start of the rhythm. Thereafter, the process returns to step s2 and the same process as described above is repeated.

If it is determined in step SIO that the detected event is not a rhythm start event, it is determined that it is a rhythm stop event, a subroutine for rhythm stop processing is called, and rhythm stop processing is performed (step SIO). 512).

In the rhythm stop processing, as shown in Figure 5, first,
Auto pattern flag ATP in working memory 33
It is checked whether or not is rl (step 530).
.

If it is determined in step S30 that ATP is not "1", this subroutine is returned without performing the following processing. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S30 that ATP is "1", ATP is cleared to "0", and then this subroutine is returned (step 531). This will cause the rhythm to stop.

The main routine loops while performing the above series of operations in response to key events or events from the panel.

Next, the rhythm play processing will be explained.

Entry to the rhythm play process is performed by interrupt, independent of the execution of the above-described main routine. That is, due to the rhythm start event of the main routine,
Similarly, a tempo clock signal is generated from the tempo clock generation circuit 4 at time intervals according to the contents of the rhythm tempo register RTMP stored in the rhythm tempo storage process of the main routine. This tempo clock signal causes the CPU 31
An interrupt is generated, the main program currently being executed is temporarily interrupted, and the rhythm play process shown in FIG. 6 is started.

In rhythm play processing, first, auto pattern flag A
Check whether TP is rlJ (step 540)
. If it is determined that the value is not "1", the process returns to the interrupted position of the main routine without performing the following processing.

On the other hand, if it is determined that the auto pattern flag ATP is "1", it is recognized that automatic performance should be performed, and a subroutine for reading pattern data is called (step 541).

In the pattern data reading subroutine, the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 is executed. That is, first, pattern data for one note, that is, 4 bytes, corresponding to the selected rhythm is read out from the putter data memory 5, and is stored in a predetermined area RDATO1RDATI, R of the working memory 33.
Sequentially stored in DAT2 and RDAT3 (step 550
).

Next, by checking the status in the upper 4 bits of RDATO, it is determined whether it is the end data (
Step 551). When it is determined that the data is the end data, this subroutine is returned without performing the following processing, and step S of the rhythm play processing routine is performed.
4 Return to '2.

On the other hand, if it is determined that the data is not end data, it is checked whether it is key release data (step 552). This is also done by checking the upper 4 bits of RDATO, that is, the status. Then, when it is determined that it is not key release data, it recognizes that it is key press data or effect data, and RDATI (key number or step time), RDAT2 (step time or effect value), RDAT3
(velocity) is output to the sound source section 7 to produce a predetermined sound or a specified effect (step 853). Then, the process returns to step 850 and the same process as above is repeated again.

If it is determined in step S52 that the data is key release data, a step time processing subroutine is called (step 554).

Step time processing is performed as shown in the flowchart of FIG. First, the lower 4 pis I-2 of RDATO
In other words, refer to the part mark field in step 56.
0), it is checked whether it is drums data (step 561). If it is determined that the data is drum data, this subroutine is returned to step S55 of the pattern data successive output processing routine. As a result, no tone length correction is performed on the drum sound.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S61 that the data is not drum data, the contents of the rhythm tempo register RTMP are used as input values of the note-off data processing table provided in the working memory 33, and the compression rate or expansion rate is determined from the table. Obtain the data shown and enter the compression/expansion rate register PE.
RC (step 562). FIG. 9 shows an example of data stored in this note-off data processing table. If the tempo is 120 as the reference value, the expansion rate increases with the characteristics shown in the figure as the tempo reaches the lower limit,
Data is stored that increases the compression rate with the characteristics shown in the figure as the tempo reaches the upper limit.

Next, RDAT2, that is, the note-off data NOF multiplied by the contents of the compression/expansion ratio register PERC, is stored in RDAT2 as new note-off data NOF. As a result, notes with a slow tempo are elongated and pronounced more tenuto, and notes with a faster tempo are compressed and pronounced more staccato. This RDAT
When the calculation in step 2 is completed, return to this subroutine,
The process returns to step S55 of the pattern data successive output processing routine.

In the pattern data read processing routine, RDATo~3
is sent to the sound source section 7 (step 555), whereby the actual sound is emitted.

Then, the process returns to step S50, and the series of pattern data reading processes described above are repeatedly executed until the end data is found. When the end data is found, this subroutine is returned to step S42 of the rhythm play processing routine.

In step S42 of the rhythm play processing routine, the tempo counter TCNT is incremented, and then it is checked whether the content of the tempo counter TCNT has reached "192" (step 843).

Here, the value of r192J is an example value when a quarter note has a resolution of 24 clocks and 2 bars are a processing unit, and it can take various values depending on the resolution and processing unit. .

If the content of the tempo counter TCNT is not r192J in step 843, this rhythm play processing routine is returned to the main routine. As a result, the CPU 31 is again interrupted by the next tempo clock, and the remaining pattern data is continuously processed.

On the other hand, if the content of the tempo counter TCNT is "192", this means that all the data for one performance pattern has been sent to the sound source section 7. Therefore, the content of the tempo counter TCNT is cleared (step 544), the rhythm play process is returned, and the process returns to the main routine. As a result, the performance pattern is read out again using the next tempo clock signal as a trigger, and automatic performance processing is performed.

As described above, the note length data included in the performance data, that is, the step time at the time of key release, is corrected (compressed or expanded) according to the specified tempo, and the performance data includes this corrected step time data. (pattern data) is used to generate a musical tone signal in the sound source section 7, and the tone signal is generated from the sound system 8 for automatic performance. It is now possible to correct the tone length and output it to Tenu 1, and even in automatic performance, it is possible to produce performance expressions that are close to the music played by a human.

In the above embodiment, an example of a note-off data processing table having characteristics not shown in FIG. 9 was shown, but the table is not limited to this.

By changing the data stored in the table, automatic performances with various musical effects are possible.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, according to the present invention, an automatic performance device is provided that is capable of automatic performance with rich musicality in which the performance expression changes as the tempo changes, just like music played by a person. can be provided.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the automatic performance device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the format of performance data of the present invention, and FIGS. 3 to 5 show the overall operation of the present invention. Flowchart for explanation: FIGS. 6 to 8 are flowcharts for explaining the operation of the rhythm play processing of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the note-off data processing curve of the present invention. 1...Key/panel switch section (specifying means), 2...
-Display section, 3... Microcomputer section (correction means), 4... Tempo clock generation circuit, 5... Pattern data memory (storage means), 6... Buffer register, 7... Sound source section (musical sound generation means), 8... Sound system (musical sound generation means) 31... CPU, 32. Program memory, 33. Working memory (correction means)

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] Storage means for storing performance data including at least data regarding note length; designation means for designating the tempo of the performance; and data stored in the storage means according to the tempo designated by the designation means. An automatic performance device comprising a correction means for correcting data relating to note length in performance data, and a musical tone generation means for generating a musical tone based on the performance data corrected by the correction means.