JPH045416B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH045416B2
JPH045416B2 JP63028503A JP2850388A JPH045416B2 JP H045416 B2 JPH045416 B2 JP H045416B2 JP 63028503 A JP63028503 A JP 63028503A JP 2850388 A JP2850388 A JP 2850388A JP H045416 B2 JPH045416 B2 JP H045416B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fish
feeding
feed
carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium
bait
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP63028503A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
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JPH01202260A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP63028503A priority Critical patent/JPH01202260A/en
Priority to US07/271,236 priority patent/US5139791A/en
Publication of JPH01202260A publication Critical patent/JPH01202260A/en
Publication of JPH045416B2 publication Critical patent/JPH045416B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

「産業上の利用分野」 本発明は、魚介類の摂餌量を増大させ、成長を
促進させるようにした魚介類の摂餌刺激物質およ
び餌料に関する。 「従来技術」 世界的な200海里漁業権の設定以来、水産資源
に多いに恩恵を浴している我国は、他国200海里
内の操業を余儀なくされ、当然のことながらそこ
で得られる水産資源は、漁獲時期や漁獲量の規
制、あるいは入漁料金の支払いなどで年々コスト
高となつて来ている。 この事実を鑑みて、近海表層魚や養殖魚の漁獲
量は年々増大傾向にある。このため、近海表層魚
や養殖魚に用いられる生餌や魚粉等が大量に投与
され、摂取されなかつた餌が海底に沈殿し、大陸
だなにおける汚染源としてその対策が待たれてい
る。さらに、餌の有効利用率の低下は、養殖魚の
成長率の低下につながり、コスト面の上昇を招い
ている。 このため、遠洋魚や近海魚の魚粉や生餌を使用
している現在の養殖業においては、より少ない餌
料で正常あるいはそれ以上の成育がなされる、い
わゆる餌料効率を高める餌料組成の改良や、生
餌、魚粉などを用いた配合餌料と同等の餌料効率
を維持する代替餌料の開発が望まれている。 このような研究の一つとして、魚の臭覚や味覚
を刺激して餌を食べさせるようにする摂餌刺激物
質についての報告もなされている。その代表的な
ものとして、グルタミンが知られているが、餌料
に混合するいわゆる混合餌料では顕著な効果が得
られないのが現状である。 そこで、本発明者らは、各種物質について魚の
摂餌刺激効果を測定し、その結果、いくつかの物
質が優れた摂餌刺激効果を示すことを見出し、既
に特許出願している(特願昭61−291889号、特願
昭62−23210号参照)。これらの物質の中でも下記
構造式で示されるβ−ジメチルプロピオテチンお
よび/またはその塩は、最も優れた摂餌刺激効果
を有するため、その実用化を目的として、さらに
鋭意研究を続けてきた。 (式中、Xは一価の陰イオンを表わす。) 「発明が解決しようとする課題」 しかしながら、上記β−ジメチルプロピオテチ
ンおよび/またはその塩は、その合成時における
収率が悪く、製造コストが高いという問題点があ
つた。また、β−ジメチルプロピオテチンは、化
学構造上の安定性が悪いため、温度、PH、圧力、
光、溶媒の種類、反応性に富んだ化合物などの影
響を受けて分解しやすく、その効果の持続性に乏
しいという問題点もあつた。 したがつて、本発明の目的は、β−ジメチルプ
ロピオテチンと同等な摂餌刺激効果を有し、しか
もβ−ジメチルプロピオテチンよりも低コストで
製造でき、効果の持続性も優れた魚介類の摂餌刺
激物質および餌料を提供することにある。 「課題を解決するための手段」 本発明による魚介類の摂餌刺激物質は、下記構
造式で示されるカルボキシメチルジメチルスルフ
オニウムおよび/またはその塩からなることを特
徴とする。 (式中、Xは一価の陰イオンを表わす。) また、本発明による魚介類の餌料は、上記構造
式で示されるカルボキシメチルジメチルスルフオ
ニウムおよび/またはその塩を10-9〜1M含有す
る溶液で練り合せたことを特徴とする。 「作用」 上記カルボキシメチルジメチルスルフオニウム
および/またはその塩は、後述する実施例の記載
からも明らかなように、β−ジメチルプロピオテ
チンおよび/またはその塩とほぼ同等な摂餌刺激
効果を有することがわかつた。 また、上記カルボキシメチルジメチルスルフオ
ニウムおよび/またはその塩は、カルボキシメチ
ルジメチルスルフオニウムブロマイドを例とする
と、例えば下記(1)に示すような反応式により合成
することができる。 これに対してβ−ジメチルプロピオテチン(カ
ルボキシメチルジメチルスルフオニウムブロマイ
ド)は、例えば下記(2)に示すような反応式により
合成することができる。 上記(1)式の反応の方が、上記(2)式の反応よりも
進みやすく、かつ、生産物が安定であるから、合
成した場合には、(1)の方が生産物の収率がよくな
る。したがつて、β−プロピオテチンおよび/ま
たはその塩よりも、本発明のカルボキシメチルジ
メチルスルフオニウムおよび/またはその塩の方
が製造コストは安くなる。 また、(1)式の生産物(カルボキシメチルジメチ
ルスルフオニウムおよび/またはその塩)の方
が、(2)式の生産物(β−プロピオテチンおよび/
またはその塩)よりも安定な電子配置を有するた
め、外部からの種々の刺激、例えば温度、PH、圧
力、光、溶媒の種類、反応性に富んだ化合物など
に対して分解しにくい。このため、効果の持続性
に優れている。 カルボキシメチルジメチルスルフオニウムおよ
び/またはその塩を示す前記構造式において、一
価の陰イオンXとしては、例えばOH-、Br-
Cl-などが挙げられる。 本発明の摂餌刺激物質は、例えば合成餌料、半
天然餌料、完全天然餌料など、各種の餌料に添加
することにより、魚介類の摂取量を増加させ、そ
の成長を促進させる効果がある。この効果は、コ
イ、フナ、金魚、ウナギ、ニジマス、テイラピア
などの淡水魚や、ハマチ、タイ、イセエビ、ヒラ
メなどの海水魚や、各種の貝類など、あらゆる魚
介類に認められる。 本発明の餌料は、上記の摂餌刺激物質を添加し
たことに特徴があり、ベースとなる餌料として
は、合成餌料、半天然餌料、完全天然餌料など、
いずれも採用することができる。 摂餌刺激物質の添加方法は、特に限定されない
が、例えば摂餌刺激物質を10-9〜1M含有する溶
液でベースとなる餌料を練り合せることが好まし
い。この場合、溶液中の摂餌刺激物質の濃度が
10-9M未満では、魚に対する摂餌刺激効果が充分
に得られず、1Mを超えると、臭気が発生し、効
果が低下する傾向がある。 「発明の実施例」 (1) 実験方法および装置 第1図には、摂餌刺激効果の実験に用いた装
置が示されている。図において、1は水槽であ
り、台2の上に支持されている。水槽1内には
魚3が入れられている。水槽1の側方には支柱
4が立設され、記録針5に連接されたアーム6
が支軸7を介して支柱4に回転自在に支持され
ている。記録針5の後端には糸8が連結され、
糸8の下端には磁石9が固着されており、この
磁石9が水槽1の底部に密着することにより、
糸が張られている。糸8の途中で水槽1の水に
浸漬した部分には、実験用の餌10が取付けら
れている。一方、水槽1の側方には記録計本体
11が設置されており、記録計本体11には逆
L字状の支柱12が立設されている。支柱12
と記録計本体11との間には、回転ドラム13
が回転自在に支持されており、前述した記録針
5の先端部がこの回転ドラム13に摺接してい
る。回転ドラム13は、記録計本体11内部に
設けられた図示しない駆動機構により、2分50
秒で1回転するようになつている。 上記装置を用いた実験の方法を説明すると、
まず、各種の摂餌刺激物質を添加した実験用の
餌10を調製し、この餌10を糸8に付着させ
て、水槽1の水の中間高さ位置に沈める。そし
て、回転ドラム13を回転させて魚3により餌
10のついばみ状態を記録する。すなわち、魚
3が餌10をついばむと、磁石9により張られ
ている糸8が引つ張られ、記録針5が揺動し
て、回転ドラム13に記録がなされる。こうし
て回転ドラム13が一回転する間に、魚3が餌
10をついばんだ回数を測定した。なお、試験
毎に、試験水を交換すると同時に、糸8、魚
3、水槽1は、飼育用水でよく洗うようにし
た。 (2) 餌の調製 試験用の餌は、次のようにして調製した。す
なわち、ベース餌料として、セルロース粉末を
用いた。一方、摂餌刺激効果を試験する物質を
10-3M溶解させた水溶液を作成した。そして、
前記のベース餌料を0.5gとり、これに上記の
試験液0.8mlを添加して乳鉢中で練り合せて餌
を調製した。 試験は、摂餌刺激物質を添加しない水だけを
用いてベース餌料を練り合せたもの(対照)
と、摂餌刺激物質としてカルボキシメチルジメ
チルスルフオニウムブロマイド(β−ジメチル
プロピオテチン)を溶解した水溶液でベース餌
料を練り合せたもの(比較例)と、摂餌刺激物
質としてカルボキシメチルジメチルスルフオニ
ウムブロマイドを溶解した水溶液でベース餌料
を練り合せたもの(実施例)の3種について行
なつた。 また、各実験は、5回繰り返して行ない、つ
いばみ回数の合計をとつて評価した。なお、対
照については、実験の最初と最後の両方で行な
い、時間経過に伴う魚の状態を見た。 この結果を次表に示す。
"Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a fish and shellfish feeding stimulant and feed that increase the feed intake of fish and shellfish and promote their growth. ``Prior art'' Since the establishment of the global 200 nautical mile fishing rights, our country, which has benefited greatly from fisheries resources, has been forced to operate within 200 nautical miles of other countries, and naturally the fishery resources obtained there are Costs are increasing year by year due to regulations on fishing season, catch amount, and payment of fishing fees. In view of this fact, the catch of inshore surface fish and farmed fish is increasing year by year. For this reason, large amounts of raw bait and fishmeal used for nearshore surface fish and farmed fish are administered, and the uneaten bait settles on the ocean floor, which is a source of contamination on the continent and needs countermeasures. Furthermore, a decrease in the effective utilization rate of feed leads to a decrease in the growth rate of farmed fish, leading to an increase in costs. For this reason, in the current aquaculture industry, which uses fishmeal and live feed from pelagic and inshore fish, improvements in feed composition to increase so-called feed efficiency, in which normal or higher growth can be achieved with less feed, and live feed are needed. It is desired to develop an alternative feed that maintains the same feed efficiency as compound feeds using fishmeal, etc. As part of such research, there have been reports on feeding stimulants that stimulate fish's sense of smell and taste to induce them to eat food. Glutamine is known as a representative example, but at present, no significant effects can be obtained with so-called mixed feeds that are mixed with feed. Therefore, the present inventors measured the effect of stimulating fish feeding on various substances, and as a result, found that some substances showed excellent feeding stimulating effects, and have already applied for a patent (Patent Application (See No. 61-291889, Japanese Patent Application No. 62-23210). Among these substances, β-dimethylpropiotetin and/or its salt shown by the following structural formula has the most excellent feeding stimulation effect, and therefore, intensive research has been continued with the aim of putting it to practical use. (wherein, The problem was that the cost was high. In addition, β-dimethylpropiotetin has poor chemical structure stability, so it is
Another problem was that it easily decomposed due to the effects of light, the type of solvent, and highly reactive compounds, and its effects were short-lived. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide fish and shellfish that have a feeding stimulation effect equivalent to that of β-dimethylpropiotethin, can be produced at a lower cost than β-dimethylpropiotethin, and have excellent long-lasting effects. The object of the present invention is to provide feeding stimulants and feeds of the same type. "Means for Solving the Problems" The feeding stimulant for fish and shellfish according to the present invention is characterized by comprising carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or a salt thereof represented by the following structural formula. (In the formula, X represents a monovalent anion.) Furthermore, the seafood feed according to the present invention contains 10 -9 to 1M of carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or its salt represented by the above structural formula. It is characterized by being kneaded with a solution of "Effect" As is clear from the description of the examples described later, the carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or its salt has a feeding stimulation effect that is almost equivalent to that of β-dimethylpropiotetin and/or its salt. It turns out that it has. Further, the carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or its salt can be synthesized, for example, by the reaction formula shown in (1) below, taking carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium bromide as an example. On the other hand, β-dimethylpropiotetin (carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium bromide) can be synthesized, for example, by the reaction formula shown in (2) below. The reaction of formula (1) above proceeds more easily than the reaction of formula (2) above, and the product is stable, so when synthesized, (1) has a higher yield of the product. gets better. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or its salt of the present invention is lower than that of β-propiotetin and/or its salt. Furthermore, the product of formula (1) (carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or its salt) is better than the product of formula (2) (β-propiotetin and/or its salt).
(or its salts), it is less susceptible to decomposition due to various external stimuli such as temperature, pH, pressure, light, type of solvent, and highly reactive compounds. Therefore, the effect is excellent in sustainability. In the above structural formula showing carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or its salt, the monovalent anion X is, for example, OH - , Br - ,
Examples include Cl - . The feeding stimulant of the present invention has the effect of increasing the intake of fish and shellfish and promoting their growth when added to various feeds such as synthetic feeds, semi-natural feeds, and completely natural feeds. This effect is observed in all kinds of seafood, including freshwater fish such as carp, crucian carp, goldfish, eel, rainbow trout, and tilapia, saltwater fish such as yellowtail, sea bream, spiny lobster, and flounder, and various shellfish. The feed of the present invention is characterized by the addition of the above-mentioned feeding stimulant, and base feeds include synthetic feeds, semi-natural feeds, completely natural feeds, etc.
Either can be adopted. The method of adding the feeding stimulant is not particularly limited, but it is preferable, for example, to mix the base feed with a solution containing 10 -9 to 1M of the feeding stimulant. In this case, the concentration of the feeding stimulant in solution is
If it is less than 10 -9 M, a sufficient feeding stimulation effect on fish cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 1 M, an odor is generated and the effect tends to be reduced. "Embodiments of the Invention" (1) Experimental Method and Apparatus FIG. 1 shows the apparatus used in the experiment on the feeding stimulation effect. In the figure, 1 is a water tank, which is supported on a stand 2. A fish 3 is placed in an aquarium 1. A support 4 is erected on the side of the water tank 1, and an arm 6 connected to a recording needle 5.
is rotatably supported by the support column 4 via a support shaft 7. A thread 8 is connected to the rear end of the recording needle 5.
A magnet 9 is fixed to the lower end of the thread 8, and when this magnet 9 comes into close contact with the bottom of the aquarium 1,
The thread is stretched. Experimental bait 10 is attached to the part of the string 8 that is immersed in the water of the aquarium 1. On the other hand, a recorder main body 11 is installed on the side of the water tank 1, and an inverted L-shaped support 12 is erected on the recorder main body 11. Post 12
A rotating drum 13 is provided between the recorder body 11 and the recorder main body 11.
is rotatably supported, and the tip of the recording needle 5 mentioned above is in sliding contact with this rotating drum 13. The rotating drum 13 is driven by a drive mechanism (not shown) provided inside the recorder main body 11, and the rotating drum 13 is rotated for 2 minutes.
It is designed to rotate once every second. To explain the experimental method using the above device,
First, an experimental bait 10 containing various feeding stimulants is prepared, the bait 10 is attached to a thread 8, and the bait 10 is submerged at an intermediate height in the water of the aquarium 1. Then, the rotary drum 13 is rotated to record the pecked state of the bait 10 by the fish 3. That is, when the fish 3 pecks the bait 10, the string 8 held by the magnet 9 is pulled, the recording needle 5 swings, and a record is made on the rotating drum 13. In this way, the number of times the fish 3 pecked the bait 10 was measured while the rotating drum 13 rotated once. In addition, at the same time as replacing the test water for each test, the thread 8, the fish 3, and the aquarium 1 were thoroughly washed with breeding water. (2) Preparation of bait The bait for the test was prepared as follows. That is, cellulose powder was used as the base feed. On the other hand, substances to be tested for feeding stimulation effects
An aqueous solution containing 10 -3 M was prepared. and,
A bait was prepared by taking 0.5 g of the above base bait, adding 0.8 ml of the above test solution, and kneading the mixture in a mortar. The test consisted of mixing the base feed using only water with no added feeding stimulants (control).
(comparative example) in which the base feed was mixed with an aqueous solution containing carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium bromide (β-dimethylpropiotetin) as a feeding stimulant; The test was conducted on three types of baits (Example) in which the base bait was mixed with an aqueous solution in which onium bromide was dissolved. Each experiment was repeated five times, and the total number of pecks was evaluated. Controls were conducted both at the beginning and end of the experiment to observe the condition of the fish over time. The results are shown in the table below.

【表】 上記表から、実施例の摂餌刺激物質(カルボ
キシメチルジメチルスルフオニウムブロマイ
ド)は、比較例の摂餌刺激物質(β−ジメチル
プロピオテチン)とほぼ同等な摂餌刺激効果を
有していることがわかる。 「発明の効果」 以上説明したように、本発明によれば、摂餌刺
激効果が高く、製造コストが安く、効果の持続性
の長い魚介類の摂餌刺激物質を提供できる。ま
た、この摂餌刺激物質を各種の餌料に添加するこ
とにより、摂餌量を増加させて魚介類の成長を促
進させ、餌料効率を高めることができる。
[Table] From the table above, it can be seen that the feeding stimulant of the example (carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium bromide) has almost the same feeding stimulating effect as the feeding stimulant of the comparative example (β-dimethylpropiotetin). I know what you're doing. "Effects of the Invention" As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fish and shellfish feeding stimulating substance that has a high feeding stimulating effect, is inexpensive to produce, and has a long-lasting effect. Furthermore, by adding this feeding stimulant to various feeds, it is possible to increase the amount of feed consumed, promote the growth of fish and shellfish, and improve feed efficiency.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は摂餌刺激効果の実験に用いた装置の概
略説明図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the apparatus used in the experiment on the feeding stimulation effect.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 下記構造式で示されるカルボキシメチルジメ
チルスルフオニウムおよび/またはその塩からな
ることを特徴とする魚介類の摂餌刺激物質。 (式中、Xは一価の陰イオンを表わす。) 2 下記構造式で示されるカルボキシメチルジメ
チルスルフオニウムおよび/またはその塩を10-9
〜1M含有する溶液で練り合せたことを特徴とす
る魚介類の餌料。 (式中、Xは一価の陰イオンを表わす。)
[Scope of Claims] 1. A feeding stimulant for fish and shellfish, characterized by comprising carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or a salt thereof represented by the following structural formula. (In the formula, X represents a monovalent anion.) 2 Carboxymethyldimethylsulfonium and/or its salt represented by the following structural formula is 10 -9
A seafood feed characterized by being kneaded with a solution containing ~1M. (In the formula, X represents a monovalent anion.)
JP63028503A 1988-02-09 1988-02-09 Bait intake-stimulant for seafoods and bait containing same Granted JPH01202260A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63028503A JPH01202260A (en) 1988-02-09 1988-02-09 Bait intake-stimulant for seafoods and bait containing same
US07/271,236 US5139791A (en) 1988-02-09 1988-11-14 Feeding stimulators for fishes and shellfishes, and feed

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63028503A JPH01202260A (en) 1988-02-09 1988-02-09 Bait intake-stimulant for seafoods and bait containing same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01202260A JPH01202260A (en) 1989-08-15
JPH045416B2 true JPH045416B2 (en) 1992-01-31

Family

ID=12250479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63028503A Granted JPH01202260A (en) 1988-02-09 1988-02-09 Bait intake-stimulant for seafoods and bait containing same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01269457A (en) * 1988-04-19 1989-10-26 Kenji Nakajima Feeding stimulant for shellfish and feed
CN103535541B (en) * 2013-08-22 2015-08-26 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 Eel elver powdery compound feed

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JPH01202260A (en) 1989-08-15

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