JPH04501746A - Structural panels, joints between structural panels, and methods of using and manufacturing structural panels - Google Patents

Abstract

An element system particularly for manufacturing a wall, comprising a casing (1, 2) which consists of a cast component (1) and a sheeting (2), both adjoining a (light, made of wood, steel or a like material) frame in a manner that casing (1, 2) may extend below the frame to form a footing (10), laterally to form a corner extension or the like (1a, 1b) or a roof structures covering skirt (16) and wherein a joint is achieved by overlapping either sheeting (2) and/or internal covering (5) with respect to the frame. A joint for this type of element which is obtained by means of a symmetrical or asymmetrical overlapping in at least one of the surfaces.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Structural panels, joints between structural panels, and methods of using and manufacturing structural panels The present invention provides at least some structures (particularly walls) with casting, tiling, etc. , as well as stone surfaces based on hardened materials such as casting masses, adhesives, and mortar. Regarding structures with surfaces made of structures, more specifically regarding external wall structures. .

This type of structure is extremely common in Finland, for example, and is commonly used in newly built small It is the most common wall structure in homes. At present, the wall structure It is generally constructed by using insulated walls made of gusseted wooden structures. available Another possible solution is the two-casing bricklaying method. brickwork) or partially insulated and load supporting. . A third basic solution that is widely used is the double casing (d-oub This is a method using concrete elements (le-casing). using this method Both the inner and outer surfaces of the case are manufactured using concrete casting principles. Insulation and iron plating are used to structurally connect the casings fitted between the casings. I am doing some research. According to a fourth alternative principle, by plastering A stony surface structure can be obtained. The base material is a heat insulating structure, i.e. wood or wood. can be constructed with a steel frame structure 0 For example, the Finnish published patent No. 58810 and Finnish patents No. 60752 and No. 66229. A number of special solutions involving the structures shown are primarily proposed. Although the new solution partially follows the same basic principle, the present invention This method can solve some of the problems that have been found so far, and is within the scope of the present invention. The scope is wide enough to cover the entire structural system.

The following list contains 30 items essential to the technical implementation and economy of wall construction. However, among these items, the solution of the present invention can overcome the drawbacks and/or It is something that can give new characteristics.

1. The wall of the invention is the most preferred and commonly manufactured element solution. It will be done. Prior art element solutions are ) becomes visible, which has the disadvantage of being unsightly, especially when viewed from the front of the building. are doing. According to the solution of the invention, the joints are , can be made similar to the rest of the wall (e.g. invisible).

2. Separate fasteners typically required at element joints are not required. be. The wall of the present invention does not require the use of special fasteners (such as nails or screws). Tightening is performed on the outer surface and/or the inner surface. The joint is on the inside surface of the wall and/or have a force transmission strength similar to that of the rest of the wall on both surfaces of the outer surface. .

3. The second surface (stone surface) of the structure is varied in one and the same element. No special procedures are required to form the various coatings. The same production line can be used without the need for Also, example For example, colored concrete, crushed stone, paint, brick-like tiles, stone slabs or ceramics. parallel alternative, including what consists of the s) can be completed without a stone surface.

4. In the case of tile analogues, tile spacing and size should be determined by element size and changes in a single element, both in terms of installation and installation. This is a tile floor Installation is done from the outside, so installation is completely free and compatible with any measuring device. This is because they are not restricted.

5. The corners of the structure (both outer and inner corners) may vary depending on the implementation. and, for example, one corner can be designed analogously in the same way.

This allows the corner to be The geometric shape can be any shape. This means that the case of the element This can be achieved by enlarging the shing, or the corners can be set using separate corner pieces. can be measured. Due to the construction of the corners, the dimensional module of the system can be arbitrary on both sides, and the walls meet each other at completely arbitrary angles. do.

6. The surface opposite to the stone surface (generally the inside surface of the building) is generally the building board. The joints of the boards are made of boards, e.g. becomes the same as This joint does not require seals or fittings, and any available It can be joined more reliably than other temporary solutions.

7. The joint of this element is tight, that is, has excellent airtightness. This is Conventionally used in sealing compounds and/or joints outer casing without using seahng ledges This is because it is possible to make both the joint portion of the plug and the inner joint portion entirely airtight.

8. This joint is structurally compatible with both the inner and outer surfaces in terms of force transmission. It can be made uniform. On the other hand, in some available solutions, the force is in pot form and/or only the inner casing and/or outer casing intermediary transmitted through. Furthermore, the solution of the invention is characterized in that the joint is partially deflected. The method can be applied to control the stiffness of the outer surface of the joint and is therefore Enlarged joints used can be completely omitted or their number can be reduced. Wear. This means that the sealing compound used in the joint should be at least The texture is made stronger under the surface.

9. In the configuration of the invention, the stone casing is structurally integral with the rest of the element. function as a unit. Such collaboration is generally not possible; (especially for wall opening frames and opening lintels) ls)), this collaboration brings significant benefits. It will be done.

10. The wall structure of the present invention eliminates the ventilation slots typically required in the stone (outer) surface. can be partially or completely omitted.

This means that the outer surface is exposed to water spray and drainage water on the outside before water vapor, etc. on the inside. This is achieved by making it airtight. To achieve the above conditions, another is an additional partial ventilation slot (this slot is is usually between the frame wood (frame tia+ber) and concrete. Due to the omission of 0 ventilation slots, which can be used in many technologies physical and economic benefits. For example, a) total structural thickness can be reduced; b) No need for a wind screen inside the ventilation slot. C) The refractory provided in the ventilation slot can be omitted.

11. The overall structural thickness of the element of the present invention is small, which is due to the lack of ventilation slots. This is because the stone surface is thin (for example, about 10 to 30III11). , the inner lining panel can also be thinned to 10-15 mm. Therefore, all The structural thickness is generally the insulation thickness plus 40mm, while the The corresponding thickness in conventional wall construction is 150 to 250 The thickness is the sum of mm.

12. The tiling of the outer surface has so-called align-sent joints. It can be extended over the element to avoid joints. child This can be made so that the joint is strong and does not deform over its entire length. It's for a reason. In this case, the tiles on top of the element are generally It is installed only after installation.

13. The wall structure is located under the actual frame where the stone part of the wall structure forms the footing. (Figure 3), this solution includes, for example: The advantages include sa) the elimination of joints between the footing and the wall structure; b) C) high fidelity of the wall against moisture; C) aesthetically high quality (condensate is Do not contaminate the surface of the footing (because it can flow directly to the ground), d) This solution of footings is highly economical and easy; e) separate work; The footing can be manufactured together with the wall without the need for steps, etc.

14. The wall structure is provided with an overhead skirt, which allows the following: You will get many advantages. a) Insulation of roof structures without the need for a separate work step b) The entire structure from the bottom to the top should be protected from the architectural dimensions. Can be provided as a single assembly which can be improved (this is The structure is generally used as a roof structure with joints on the bottom of the roof frame. C) The entire wall can be manufactured at the same time, reducing the number of work steps. For example, it is possible to

15. Windows and doors can be pre-installed on wall elements at the factory. . A further benefit of not having to separate the covering strips due to the thin assembly is obtained. Keying directly onto or against a jam of concrete, etc. Since it can be cast, there is no need for a seal, and it can be rolled up to the top of the cuff. can extend the lining, requiring special sealing operations (currently available solutions). The joint can be made airtight without the need for one Conventional methods, which generally require joints and battens, allow windows, doors, etc. to be installed later. can be done.

16. The element can be insulated or non-insulated. Thermal insulation is e.g. Can be made from mineral wool that is too soft to support compressive forces . Generally, this type of insulation material is the most preferred in terms of insulation performance. rough Insulation can also be used, which can be sprayed onto the walls at the construction site. of this kind In insulation materials, it is preferred that the structure does not have a closed cavity, this In this respect, the structure of the present invention is superior to other conventional wall structures.

17. Beams for windows, doors, etc. that are necessary for walls may be placed entirely in the frame or in the frame. Combination effects in the frame and casing (or casing only) (e.g. casing This can be solved flexibly by increasing the thickness of the Thing. Other advantages are joints The position of the joint can be selected relatively freely, for example, the joint can be placed within the opening. .

18. The element of the present invention has a frame that remains within the element and acts as a reinforcement. Manufactured by casting a casing on a film-like member. child The solution provides the following advantages, for example: a) Casing mold b) The casing is relatively thin and dries quickly. and C) the heating typically required in casting by mold cycles. d) Work site For example, you can also cast elements with .

19. Cracks that often occur on elements with stone surfaces are easily repaired. be done. This is because the repair technology and element manufacturing technology are the same (element (The manufacturing technology for ment is the same as the joining technology.)

20. The weight of the element of the invention is less than that of a conventional concrete element. It is only a fraction of the size, which makes it easy to transport and lift and requires very large The element of the present invention is thus very light. Quantities, so they can be moved horizontally on top of each other. Element body For lifting and/or transport, a lifting loop can be attached to the There is no need to reinforce the casing.

21. Due to the high molding cost for elements with stone surfaces, it is not possible to make them into arcuate shapes. This is expensive and troublesome. Elements of the invention require separate molds arc in one and/or two directions horizontally and/or vertically. elements can be produced relatively economically.

22. The casing of the element can be made into any desired shape without requiring particularly high costs. It can be made low or tall.

23. The element of the invention has a stone surface and no ventilation slots. Due to important reasons, it has relatively good fire resistance.

24. The wall structure of the present invention has a stone casing and reliable airtightness. Therefore, it has excellent sound insulation properties.

25. The wall structure of the present invention has a stone surface on one side and some other material on the other side. It is symmetrical to -a in that it is made of material (generally architectural board) (but However, if necessary, make the elements symmetrical (i.e. with stone surfaces on both sides). stone casings are generally expensive. This means that if stone quality, such as moisture reliability, damage resistance, and appearance. Very important when only a stone surface is required due to the special quality of the surface. . This gives excellent favorable results. In such cases, for example, livestock barns walls, washroom walls, sauna walls, etc.

26. The elements of the invention act as an effective protector against damage and this In this respect, the elements of the present invention are more effective than conventional stone casings. Ru. Because the casing of the invention cooperates with the rest of the structure and This is because damage caused by a blow can be easily repaired. this purpose Therefore, the stony surface often acts as the inner surface.

27. Since the solution or element of the invention is very lightweight and economical, It can also be used as a covering board. child The application format adds to the wide versatility of the system and includes wall coverings in damp buildings. This is especially important in high-rise ceilings.

For example, due to the sterilization conditions of the wall surface, etc., the inner surface of the wall must be ensured to be airtight. The elements of the invention can be applied to walls and ceilings of livestock houses that must be sealed or sealed. It is particularly effective to apply.

28. The joints of the elements of the invention are completely freely installed within the wall structure.

This is because the joints are structurally strong, have excellent airtightness, and are visually unobtrusive. be.

29. Modern residential wall structures often have stone wall surfaces. , those made of wood are based on wood, and those made of boards etc. According to the wall structure of the present invention, the stone casing can be partially omitted. Therefore, different combinations of solutions can be realized more easily than currently available solutions. Wear. Currently available wall structures are stone-based, wood-based and/or board-based. Parallel use of surfaces is difficult and expensive.

30. At the corners, tie the It is possible to carry out lubrication. Tiling is often very economical and New visual dimensions that were previously impossible Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 will be described. .

Figure 1 shows a horizontal section of the wall at the joint of the element before the element is installed. It is a diagram.

Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the wall at the joint of the element after the element is installed. It is a diagram.

Figure 3 shows the wall to the foundation when the element is extended as a footing. FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the joint.

Figure 4 shows the wall to the foundation when the concrete casing is lifted. FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the joint.

FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of a wall corner according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view of a wall corner according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view of a wall corner according to the third embodiment.

Figure 8 shows the window opening when the window is already installed in the element at the factory. FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the wall.

Figure 9 shows the wall at the window opening when the window is installed later (in the factory or on site). It is a horizontal sectional view.

A stone layer 1 is supported on one surface of the structure (generally the outer surface). general In addition, this stone type N1 is relatively thin and can be tiled, painted, or crushed stone coated. It is possible to carry out processing such as Also, generally no reinforcing materials are used, which means , a secondary layer (sublayer) 2 of the stone surface, generally as reinforcement and casting Steel plate that also functions as a mold (shaped steel plate or non-shaped steel plate, or perforated plate or non-shaped steel plate) (perforated board), ribbed grid, fabric, plastic sheet, felt, etc. This is because it can be done. Preferred structures for forming sheets (ffl plates) and reinforcements is placed between the frame wood (fra+aetIraber!i) 4 pieces. It can be made from a galvanized steel sheet with holes in the openings. Therefore, outside The surface is securely sealed at the frame material 4, and the frame material 4 is also protected from water splashes and waste. Reliably protected against water. Sheet (secondary layer of stone surface) 2 at the joint If necessary, the head of the nail 8 can be used to cut the overlapping sheets 2. Nail it in such a way that it protrudes, and the installation of joint compound 3 made later improves the quality. It can be so.

The structural frame is a conventional wood frame post used for wood elements. The solution method of the present invention can also be made of shaped steel, etc. A typical feature of this is that frame (bost) 4 does not reach seat 2. At the point. However, between the frame 4 and the sheet 2, there is a pressure impregnated lip, plastic ledge, with air gap or steel In the case of frames, condensate and/or casting water Even if the surface of the sheet 2 gets wet frequently due to water, it will not be damaged. A steel member 9 that has been specially treated to prevent Attach to ST4. This solution makes it practical in terms of resistance to water and moisture. frames can be conventional and therefore more moisture and water resistant than frames. This has the advantage that it can be made more economical. Another advantage is that the intermediate layer 9 Adiabatic cold bridge that occurs in the frame This works to significantly reduce cold bridges.

The intermediate layer 9 can also be used for partial ventilation for thermal insulation. to middle class 9 A fourth advantage is that the casing produced at the bottom, top or sides of the element This is related to the expansion of G1. This expansion requires support during casting and transportation. This support is provided by wooden or metal brackets placed within the intermediate layer 9. achieved. This support also increases the strength of the bracket in the finished wall structure. will improve.

The inner cover sheet 5 is used for inner lining or cladding. It can be constructed from any sheet or board that is used. Typical characteristics are 1 The board of one element is on the joint and the top of the frame post of another element. It extends upward and forms a strong and airtight joint. inside The cover sheet 5 passes over the joint and extends to the same side or another side with respect to the sheet 2. It may be extended. It is generally more preferable to overlap on different sides of the joint. That is. In such lightweight frame structures, the frame is generally insulated. The structure is also filled with plastic material 6 as a moisture barrier. sheet and any additional pre-preparation required due to special conditions (e.g. strength requirements of the opening). A base can be provided. frame 4, sheet 2, casting 1 The joint between is a nail or screw extending from the casting to the frame post. 8. Press the connector plate t onto the side of the frame post and the edge of this connector plate 7 is passed through the sheet. By hammering down to the tip, a different, more reliable and durable structure can be obtained. This structure is shown on the left post in FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a solution of the wall system according to the invention for joining the wall to the foundation. and an example of a footing are shown. Here, the casing of the stone element a skirt 10 extending beyond the remainder of the frame and forming a skirt 10 below ground level 11. has been completed. Therefore, the entire facade of the building consists of a continuous surface and is made in a single operation. It will be done. Also, there must be no joint between the actual element and the footing. stomach. This solution is highly preferred as it does not result in any cold bridging. It is also technically effective. In addition, the heat insulating material 14 may be made continuous. As a result, the foundation 12 can be protected and frost pillars can be prevented from passing under the foundation 12. can be done. The inner cover sheet 5 covers the element frame as shown in the figure. It may terminate at a position that does not reach the bottom edge, or it may terminate at a position below the centering timber (a). lignment timber) 15.The actual frame that should be nailed directly to You can also extend it beyond that. In this case, the footing can be used as a placing bra. Since a bracket is required, it must be placed between the frame 4 and the casing 1.2 at the bottom. A part or all of the intermediate layer 9a can be omitted.

FIG. 4 shows a typical example of attaching a wall structure to a roof.

Here, the masonry casing extends beyond the actual frame and is part of the roof structure. A skirt 16 is formed to protect the heat insulating material. Similarly, the inner cover sheet can extend beyond the frame to be nailed directly to the centering timber above. . An example of this type of implementation is when the roof structure has timber trusses (this structure , which is the most common roof support structure in private residences today). It is something.

Figure 5 shows the outer corner of the building in horizontal section; , the casing 1 is designed to extend beyond the actual frame and form a joint. ing. Therefore, the gap 20 created at the corner can be sealed in a conventional manner. can be done.

An essential feature of this construction system is its flexibility in sizing. this For corners, use frame elements of standardized size and For example: ) is placed in the corner first, and then the element on side 1a is placed. More can be designed at any time. Reference point of the first frame post on side 1a Modular error dimensions of elements and elements can be placed freely with respect to corners, so standardized and modular elements for constructing buildings with dimensions of can be used.

In Figure 6, a standardized element is used and the joints of the element are As shown in Figure 0, which shows the structure of the corner 21, the corner 21 is constructed on-site. The corner 21 is made in an arc shape, allowing various designs and shapes to be created in a preferred manner. It has the flexibility and practicality of a structural system. Separate (arc-shaped) Similar corners can also be created using corner elements. This basic principle is It can also be partially applied to other corners than those shown in FIG.

Figure 7 shows a corner created using conventional bricklaying techniques. Ru. This technology opens up new architectural dimensions in the planning of building facades. It is something that brings.

Figure 8 shows a horizontal section of the structure for attaching the window or door frame 24 to the wall. It is. The essential feature of this construction is that this installation is required by law to cover strips or This means that there is no need for any other rules.

This is because concrete cannot be cast directly onto the top (as shown) or sides of the frame. This is because it is possible to obtain an externally sealed joint by . Additionally, by extending the inner cover sheet over the frame, the interior is sealed. It is possible to obtain a joint that has a similar shape.

FIG. 9 shows another window assembly in which the elements Strips 25, 26 and seals 27 are required because the window will be installed after manufacturing the It is essential.

FIG　FIG　2 FIG 5 FIG 6 FIG 7 FIG 8 Submission of translation of written amendment (Article 184-8 of the Patent Act) :3,3.19 Heisei Year Month Day 1. Indication of patent application PCT/FI891001733, patent applicant Name: Teleshiussii Osake Iti No. 4, Agent Address: 3-3-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Telephone (3211) 8741 ( generation) (1) One translation of the written amendment The scope of the claims 1. - Hardening of concrete or mortar, laying of tiles on at least part of the sides , based on plastering, covering and/or gluing of crushed stone, resins, bitumen, etc. In a building element with a layered surface, the building element has a cassette-like assembly. the cassette-like assembly has a body, in particular a wood frame element, A frame (4), a corrugated non-perforated corrosion-resistant metal sheet (2), and a The sheet exhibits two-dimensional structural behavior, with connections between adjacent sheets being achieved by overlapping. Further, the frame (4) and the seat (2) are separated so that they do not come into direct contact with each other. an intermediate moisture-resistant layer (9) and a fastening device (7), the fastening device (7) The frame (4) extends directly from the stone layer (1) to connect the frame (4) and the stone layer (1). At the same time, the sheet (2) and the frame (4) are connected, and the stone layer (1) is cast into sheet (2) using casting, and all elements are molded. An architectural element that is characterized by its appearance.

2. The hole density of the sheet (2) or the gap between the sheet (2) and the frame star and rad. Claim 1, characterized in that there is less friction at the frame stud. Architectural elements.

3. The sheets (2) are stacked on top of each other at the joint and the stone layer (1) characterized in that it is attached with a fastener (8) extending from the frame (4) to the frame (4). Architectural element according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The joint between the sheet (2) and the lining (5) is a separate frame (4) The sheet (2) and the lining (5) are both placed on the adjacent frame frame. Claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it is fastened to a tad. A joint of (two) architectural elements according to any one of the preceding paragraphs.

5. The said building element may be used as a cover plate, especially inside damp structures such as livestock stands. for use as floorboards and/or wall and/or ceiling elements with a stone layer on the inside The building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Applying elements.

6. Place the element so that the joint (3) is the same as the rest of the stone surface (1). treatment by filling the seams with the same stone material used for the Two architectural elements according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in ment joint.

international search report -1--a---N' F'CT/FI89100173

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. Hardening of concrete or mortar, laying of tiles on at least part of one side , plastering, coating and/or gluing of crushed stone, resins, bitumen, etc. A building element with a surface, the building element being a cassette-like assembly. The cassette-like assembly comprises at least a frame (4) and a seat (4). 2) and the frame (4) and the sheet (2) are separated so that they do not come into direct contact with each other. It comprises an intermediate layer (9) and fasteners (7, 8) (also includes, for example, a heat insulating material (6)). ) and a lining (5)), said sheet (2) being a set of comprising a sheet metal formed by a fastening bracket, said stone surface (1) is fixed to the sheet (2) by casting, adhesive, etc. Architectural elements. 2. The outer liquid retention and/or inner vapor resistance The claim is characterized in that it is larger in the frame post (4) than in the area between. Architectural elements according to item 1 of the scope of the request. 3. Said sheets (2) are superimposed on each other at the joint and are secured by a tightening device (8). The building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is attached. element. 4. The joint between the sheet (2) and the lining (5) is a separate frame (4). Any one of claims 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that A joint of (two) architectural elements according to item 1 above. 5. The said building element may be used as a cover plate, especially inside damp structures such as livestock pens. characterized by its use as a wall and/or ceiling element Application of the architectural element according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. Processing so that the joint (3) is identical to the rest of the stone surface (1) Two buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Junction of elements. 7. The cassette-like assembly (frame (4), seat (2), etc.) is first made; Place the stone on the cassette-like assembly by using the cassette as a mold. Claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the surface (1) is cast. A method for manufacturing an architectural element according to any one of the above.