SE506587C2 - House construction as well as building elements and procedures for building such a house construction - Google Patents

Abstract

A house construction comprises a roof part (1), a bottom part (2)and walls (4, 5) which are all made of constructional elements, each one of which comprising a thick core part (8) of a heat-insulating material; an outer, at least 1.5 mm thick, and thereby weldable, metal plate (9) which is plane and intimately joined to a plane outer surface of the core part and the purpose of which is to form a form-stiff, load-carrying part of the element; and a plane inner board (10) which, together with the core part, form a secondary unit with the purpose of counteracting buckling the primarily load-carrying outer plate (9) under load stress. All elements are arranged with the primarily load-carrying outer plates (9) thereof turned outwards and joined to each other via welded joints (14), the plates (9) together forming a radiation screening shell enclosing the construction as a whole from all sides.

Description

25 506 587 2 H E.. The object of the present invention is to obviate the above-mentioned shortcomings of previously known house constructions for the installation of expensive technical equipment and to create an improved house construction. A main object of the invention is thus to create a house construction which on the one hand enables a rational and cost-effective manufacturing with great precision and dimensional accuracy and on the other hand meets far-reaching requirements for strength, safety, service life, radiation protection, grounding, interior climate and flexibility of the completed house construction. A further object of the invention is to create a housing construction which reliably protects against radiation not only in the direction outwards, but also in the manner of comparatively simple and inexpensive starting materials. out of the house but also in the opposite direction depending on the individual need.

In a first aspect of the invention, at least the basic object is achieved by means of the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. An advantageous embodiment of the housing construction according to the invention is further stated in claim 2.

In a second aspect, the invention also relates to a building element intended for the construction of house structures. The features of this individual building element are set out in claims 3-4.

In a third aspect, the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a house construction according to the invention. The features of this manufacturing process are set out in claims 5-6.

J. 11. 1.] .il CH 370 222 discloses a sandwich element composed of a relatively thick, disc-shaped core part of insulating material which on both sides has comparatively thin, uniformly thick plates, for example of steel or aluminum, which in opposite edges have angled flanges for connecting the element to adjacent sandwich elements. As an example of several different connection or joining methods, welding is mentioned in the document. More specifically, such welding takes place in the angled flanges. In contrast to this type of sandwich element, which uses similar plates on either side of the core part, the present invention is based on the use of a building element which, although having the character of a sandwich element, but which uses a single comparatively coarse, supporting plate, namely as an outer plate in the inner plate has no one as the element, while the opposite, preferably supporting function, so that it can be made of a completely different material than strong plate, eg plywood, plastic laminate, thin decorative plate or the like. The function of the inner plate in the building element according to the invention is thus mainly to form together with the core part a secondary unit which prevents or counteracts life buckling of the supporting outer plate in order to ensure the plate action in this while it can often also be used as a finished inner lining. the composite house construction.

CH 452 850 describes a storytelling sandwich element which is composed of individual sub-elements whose rigid, on both sides of a core part arranged plates can consist of, for example, steel, light metal, glass fiber-reinforced plastic plates, plywood or In the writing it is mentioned that nearby sub-cement. tor can be interconnected via butt welds. The patent specification in question does not contain any doctrine in the direction of using comparatively coarse sheet metal throughout the various parts of a house construction as load-bearing outer plates which are permanently joined to each other via continuous welds.

From EP 0 289 098 and SE 9102004-0, previously known sandwich elements consist of a thick, heat-insulating core part. In these cases, however, the elements are connected to each other via mechanical connecting and thin metal plates on the outside thereof. in the form of special connectors resp. sheet music and sheet piling joints; ie not by welding. ] 1 .V. V 1 .: 3. .

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a schematic and partially sectioned perspective view of a house construction according to the invention, Figs. 2-10 are enlarged detail sections showing different manufacturing steps resp. different types of corner connections between different building elements included in the house according to Fig. 1, Fig. 11 a further, schematic perspective view showing a first type of roof part for the house construction according to the invention, Fig. 12 a similar perspective view showing an alternative, second embodiment of a roof part, and Figures 13-18 are enlarged detail sections showing portions of building elements included in the housing constructions according to Figures 11 and 12.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a housing construction which comprises a roof part, generally denoted by 1, a bottom or floor part 2 and a plurality of walls 4, 5 extending therebetween, two teeth from a common ridge sloping disc units 1 '. In the example, the number of walls 4, 5 amounts to four. The bottom part 2 has the form of a rectangular panel unit which along all edges is firmly connected to the walls, which extend vertically, straight In the walls, recesses or openings 6, 7 for a door and a window, respectively, are shown in the construction shown, made of building elements which, in accordance with the invention, all parts 1 ', the nature of which are described. in more detail below with reference to Figs. 2-10 in the first instance, the different building element is composed of a relatively thick Fig. 2 thus shows whether the single-core part 8 and two on opposite sides of this arranged discs 9, 10. these, the disc 9 is intended to be turned outwards at the same time as the disc 10 is to be turned inwards. The outer plate 9 consists of a plate at least 1.5 mm thick and thus weldable which is flat and intimately connected to the likewise flat outer surface of the core part 8. The outer plate or plate 9 has the task of forming a rigid and load-bearing part of the element.

The inner disc 10 has a different character than the outer plate 9, although it is likewise flat and intimately connected to a flat inner surface of the core part 8. Together with the core part 8, the inner disc 10 forms a secondary unit with the task of counteracting buckling of the primarily load-bearing outer plate 9 under load stress and thereby ensure dimensional stability of each building element as a whole.

In practice, the core part 8 can be made of, for example, expanded, cellular polystyrene or polyurethane, although other rigid and heat-insulating materials are also conceivable, for example boards made of transverse fibers. The outer plate 9 can advantageously consist of conventional, smooth steel plate, although it is also conceivable to use aluminum. The minimum thickness that the plate must have to ensure both good load absorption and weldability, more specifically welding by butt joints, amounts to 1.5 mm. However, in practice the plate thickness can be considerably larger, for example in the range 2-4 or preferably about 3 mm. For conventional purposes, however, the plate should not be thicker than about 5 mm. The inner board 10 may advantageously consist of plywood with a thickness in the range 6-15 or preferably 9-12 mm. Such a plywood board can advantageously be lacquered or surface-treated in another way to form a finished, interior cladding in the composite housing construction.

Instead of plywood, it is also conceivable to use others (0.5-1.0 mm sheet-forming material, such as thin decorative sheet thick, possibly surface-treated sheet metal), plastic sheets, perforated sheet metal or the like. The core part 8 can initially consist of a completed, parallelepipedic disc body on which both story surfaces the discs 9, 10 are attached by gluing. In this case, it is conceivable to connect the boards to the core part via special adhesive layers, although heat gluing by melting the surface material is also possible in the finished element, the edges of the outer plate and the inner board arranged in the core part. parallelepipedic life with the edge surfaces of the core part, all of which extend perpendicular to the main plane of the element.

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate how a hole is made in the element according to Figure 2 in a manner preferred according to the invention. Fig. 3 thus shows how in a first step a groove 11 is milled from the inside of the element. This groove, which in practice can have a width of 10-15 mm, cuts through not only the inner plate 10 (which may consist of a plywood board) but also the entire core part 8, whereby the inner surface 9 of the outer plate 9 is exposed. In the next step, shown in Fig. 4, the plate 9 is also cut by a dividing section 12, which can be achieved by means of laser beam cutting in a manner known per se. By first designing in this way a distinctly delimited, comparatively narrow groove in the core part and the inner disc, it is ensured that the material in the core part is not destroyed in connection with the dividing section 12 being laser cut. Such cutting of the outer plate can take place either from the inside or from the outside.

A particular advantage of the invention is that the part of the building element which is removed from the recess 6, 7 can be used to form a door or shutter; something that involves efficient material utilization.

Fig. 5 shows a first alternative embodiment of an edge portion of an element according to the invention. In this case, a portion 9 'of the plate 9 projects a piece from a flat end surface 13 on the core part 8. This end surface 13 extends at right angles to the plane of the plate 9, the protruding plate piece 9' having a width which substantially corresponds to the total thickness of the core part 8 and the inner plate 10. As shown in Fig. 6, therefore, an element according to Fig. 5 can be combined with an element with a completely flat end surface, the outer plates 9 will meet along a line where welding can take place, more specifically by means of a continuously continuous butt weld 14.

The joining method illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 can be applied not only between two walls which meet at right angles, but also between a wall and either a roof part or a bottom part.

Figures 7 and 8 show an alternative joining method in which the individual element is formed with an end surface 13 'extending at a 45 ° angle to the main plane of the element. This end surface can be achieved by simultaneous sawing or milling in the core part and the inner disc 10. When two analog elements are put together in the manner shown in Fig. 8, a 90 ° corner is obtained in which the outer plates meet in such a way that a hanging butt weld 14 can be applied in the manner previously described. In the assembled condition according to Fig. 8, the straightened surfaces 13 'abut close to each other without any gaps.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate how the individual sandwich element can be formed with an end surface 13 "which extends at any angle other than 45 ° and 90 °, respectively, towards the main plane of the element. connected to each other via a butt weld 14 according to Fig. 10, the elements will extend at a blunt angle to each other instead of at a 90 ° angle.

Referring to Fig. 1, it should be pointed out that all four walls 4, 5 are joined to the bottom part 2 by means of continuous welds extending along the lower edges of the element outer plates 9, the lower parts of the plates enclosing the bottom part, the outer plate of which faces downwards. In an analogous manner, the outer plates of the longitudinal wall walls 5 are welded at their upper edges to the underside of the roof parts 1 ', 1 "outer plates by means of continuous butt welds which extend along the entire length of the longitudinal side walls. the outer plates of the roof parts along the inclined edge portions thereof.

Fig. 11 shows the roof part 1 according to Fig. 1 lifted from the rest of the housing body, whereby it is clear how the end walls of the housing body are formed with wedge-shaped upper portions. Fig. 12 shows an alternative embodiment in which the end walls 4 'are rectangular or square, the actual roof part 1A being in the form of a single flat building element of the type previously described. On top of this house construction, a decorative roof denoted in its entirety by 15 can be mounted afterwards, for example in the form of a simple wooden construction.

Fig. 13 shows in section a connection between a gable wall 4 and a roof element 1, in which it is shown how the outer plate of the roof element projects a distance from the raised outer plate of the gable wall. An end plate 19 can be easily welded to the free edge of the protruding plate. Fig. 14 shows a connection between a longitudinal side wall 5 and an inclined roof element 1 'according to Fig. 1. It is clear from the section how the core parts of the elements 1', 5 are cut obliquely to fit together and that the outer plate of the long side wall is pulled up to when assembling, abut against the underside of the roof outer plate in order to apply a continuous butt weld 14 between the plates. Fig. 15 shows a section through an outer wall of the construction according to Fig. 12. The outer plate of the longitudinal wall 5 is raised and at its upper edge permanently connected to the outer plate of the roof part 1A via a butt weld 14. On the finished house construction the decorative roof 15 is mounted. Fig. 16 shows how an internal strip 16 can be applied in the corner between two opposite walls 4, 5. Fig. 17 shows the geared version according to Figs. 7 and 8. In Fig. 18 finally shows how, for example, the window opening 7 can be delimited by a frame made of sheet metal, welded frame 17. The detail 18 illustrates how the house construction can be mounted on a simple foundation. i. 5.5] When the building elements according to the invention are joined to each other in the manner described by means of continuous butt welds, more precisely with all the supporting plates facing outwards, a very rigid and dimensionally stable housing construction is obtained. Buckling of the primary load-bearing plates is effectively counteracted by means of the secondary unit in each element formed by the core part and the inner, rigid disc. Neither the inner plate nor the core part has any actual load-bearing functions, but because the inner plate and the core part are partly glued together, partly glued together with the outer plate, the so-called disc action in the outer plate, ie the secondary unit prevents deformation of the load-bearing plate even under extreme load stresses.

Due to the said plate effect, an extremely rigid housing construction is achieved by the three-dimensional connection in the form of welded joints between each other at angularly facing outer plates.

Another significant advantage is that each individual building element offers both a load-bearing and insulating function at the same time as the element's internal board can be designed as a finished internal surface. In other words, special surface treatment of the elements does not need to be performed after the house construction has been put together. The described manufacturing method also allows high dimensional accuracy and good assembly precision. The manufacturing method also enables a very good manufacturing economy due to its simplicity. Furthermore, the finished house construction functions as a "Faraday's cage" with regard to radiation safety, ie the plates assembled in a continuous shell effectively protect against, for example, magnetic radiation on the one hand in the direction from inside and out, but on the other hand also in the direction of from and in. It must also be pointed out that the finished house construction does not have any cold bridges in its various parts, 10 15 566 587 9 whereby very high climate requirements can be met. Also, the finished house construction has a very low weight in comparison with conventional house constructions, ie constructions of the type furnished steel container resp. site-built steel skeleton with additional insulation. Other obvious advantages are that blasting and surface treatment to very good corrosion resistance can be carried out in a simple way and that the production time is extremely short. Furthermore, high security against burglary and vandalism is obtained at the same time as the construction can be given a high security class for, for example, military purposes. This is especially the case if high-strength sheet metal is used as the outer plate in the elements. Because the outer plates in the house construction never need to be bent, high-strength sheet metal in comparatively thin dimensions can provide very good strength and load-bearing capacity. Finally, it must also be pointed out that the individual building elements can be stored and transported in a very compact condition for the complete assembly of the house construction on site.

Claims (6)

506 587 1 ° UI 30 Housing construction comprising a roof part (1), a bottom part (2) and a plurality of walls (4, 5) extending therebetween, characterized in that the roof part (1), the bottom part (2) and all the walls (4, 5) are made of individual building elements, each of which comprises a thick core part (8) of a heat-insulating material; an outer plate consisting of a plate (9) at least 1.5 mm thick and thus weldable, which is flat and intimately connected to a flat outer surface of the core part (8) and has the task of forming a rigid, load-bearing part of the element; and an inner disc (10) consisting of material other than the outer plate (9), which is likewise flat and intimately joined to a flat inner surface of the core part (8) in order together with it to form a secondary unit with the task of counteracting buckling of the primary load-bearing outer plate (9) under load stress and thereby ensuring dimensional stability of each building element in its entirety, and that all building elements in the house construction are arranged with their primary load-bearing outer (°) facing outwards and connected to each other via welds 4 the construction in plates 4 together forms one (1), the plates (9) otherwise versatile enclosing, radiation-insulating shells. Housing construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer plates facing each other at an angle are welded together by means of straight, continuous butt welds (14). Building element for building a house construction according to claim 1 or 2, of a thick core part (8) of a heat-insulating material, an outer plate consisting of one which is characterized by at least 1.5 mm thick and thus weldable plate (9) , flat and intimately connected to a flat outer surface of the core part (8) and has the task of forming a rigid, load-bearing part of the element, and one of a material other than the outer plate (9) (10), which is likewise flat and intimately formed. existing inner plate with a flat inner surface of the core part (8) to form together with it a secondary unit with the task of counteracting buckling of the primary load-bearing outer plate (9) under load load and 10 15 20 25 30 506 587 ll stress and thereby ensuring dimensional stability of the element as a whole. Building element according to Claim 3, characterized in that the inner board (10) consists of a plywood board. Method for building a house construction of the type (1), a bottom part (2) and a plurality of walls (4, 5) extending therebetween, characterized in that the roof part (1), the bottom part (2) are made of individual building elements, each of which comprises a roof part nat thereof, and all the walls (4, 5) separately comprise a thick core part (8) of a heat-insulating material; an outer plate consisting of at least 1.5 mm (9), joined to a flat outer surface of the core part to form a thick and thus weldable plate which is flat and as an intimately rigid, load-bearing part of the element; and an inner disc (10) consisting of material other than the outer plate (9), which is likewise flat and intimately joined to a flat inner surface of the core part (8) in order to form together with it a secondary unit with the task of counteracting buckling of the primary load-bearing outer plate (9) under load stress and thereby ensuring dimensional stability of each building element in its entirety, and that all building elements in the house construction are arranged with their primary load-bearing outer plates (9) facing outwards and joined together via welds (l4) , whereby the plates together form a otherwise versatile, radiation-insulating shell of the construction. that recesses (6, 7) in the building elements are provided by milling grooves (II) (10) in a first step from an inside and then cutting through the outer plate (9) by means of laser beam processing. Method according to claim 5, characterized by, for example, doors or windows, together with the core part (8) in the inner plate pickling.