JPH0446703B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a chip crusher that prevents objects to be cut from clogging during cutting, facilitates cutting, and is designed to reduce the size and weight of the chip crusher.

(Prior art) For example, chips emitted from machine tools scatter around the area, deteriorating the working environment, and requiring workers to clean regularly, which impairs work safety and efficiency. In addition, these types of chips are generally sharp and long, making cleaning and disposal difficult, and improvements have long been desired.

For this reason, the applicant has developed a cutting device that can be installed, for example, at the discharge end of a chip conveyor of a machine tool to divide the chips discharged from the machine tool and process them in a compact manner, and has put this into practice. 1986-
It has already been proposed as Publication No. 50640. That is, this already proposed cutting device has a cutter shaft that can rotate integrally with the drive shaft of the motor, and a cutter shaft that can rotate in the opposite direction to the shaft, installed in parallel to each other, and a large number of It was constructed by alternately interlocking stubs and spacers.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in this cutting device, the interlocking cutters are rotated in opposite directions. If a large amount of chips are supplied, they are likely to be drawn into the cutter without limit and cause blockages, resulting in cutting interruptions and overloading of the motor.
Alternatively, there have been problems such as an excessive load being applied to the cutter shaft, causing it to deform, or an impact load being applied to the cutter, causing the blade to spill. In addition, if a high-output motor is used as a means to prevent the occurrence of chip clogging, for example, the motor becomes larger and heavier, and the diameter of the cutter shaft and cutter becomes larger, resulting in a larger and heavier equipment. There is a problem that promotes the increase in cost and increase in cost.

The present invention solves these conventional problems, prevents the occurrence of clogging of objects to be cut during cutting, prevents overloading of various parts due to excessive supply of objects to be cut, and achieves safe, smooth and efficient cutting. It is an object of the present invention to provide a chip crusher which can cut chips with precision and improve the life of this type of device.

(Means for Solving the Problem) For this reason, the chip crusher of the present invention has a pair of cutter shafts pivoted horizontally apart from each other inside a cutter frame, and the cutter shafts are At the same time, cutters and spacers are alternately attached to the cutter shaft, and these cutters are arranged to mesh with each other between different axes, and a plurality of grooves are formed inside the cutter frame. A chip scraper in which formed comb-shaped scrapers are arranged facing each other, the outer circumference of the cutter is accommodated in the groove, and a large number of discontinuous pieces to be cut can be fed from above the cutter frame at once. In the shear, through the rotation of the cutters, pieces to be cut are scraped from one scraper side between the cutters that mesh with each other, the scraped pieces to be cut are scraped back to the other scraper side, and the cut pieces on the scraper side are scraped together. The cutter is rotated at a higher speed than the scraper on the scraping side to measure the amount of cut pieces at the time of cutting, thereby preventing clogging of the cut pieces and the resulting overload, resulting in a safe, smooth and streamlined process. It is characterized by being able to perform precise cutting and to improve the lifespan of this type of equipment.

(Embodiment) Hereinafter, an illustrated embodiment in which the basic configuration of the present invention is applied to a chip cutting device for cutting chips that are discontinuous pieces to be cut will be described. This cutting device is installed at the discharge end of a chip conveyor (not shown) attached to a machine tool, for example, and has a rectangular cutter frame 2 cast as its outer casing. Inside the cutter frame 2, a pair of cutter shafts 3 and 4 made of, for example, spline shafts are installed in parallel, and both ends of the cutter shafts are rotatable via bearings (not shown) embedded in the frame 2. is supported by

A plurality of cutters 5a, 5b and a spacer 6 are attached to the cutter shafts 3, 4 by alternate spline fitting, and these cutters 5a, 5b are arranged in close and meshing relationship with each other, and their cutting edge surfaces are It is closely disposed opposite to the outer peripheral surface of the spacer 6. The cutters 5a and 5b have a spline hole in the center into which the cutter shafts 3 and 4 can be fitted, and have a plurality of serrated cutting blades 7 on the outer peripheral surface thereof. Further, the spacer 6 is made of a thick disk having a diameter smaller than that of the cutters 5a and 5b, and has a spline hole in the center thereof into which the cutter shafts 3 and 4 can be fitted.

Gears 8 and 9 are fixed to the cutter shafts 3 and 4 that protrude outside of the cutter frame 2, and these gears 8 and 9 are arranged apart from each other as shown in the figure, and are meshed with a drying gear that will be described later. hand,
The gears 8 and 9 are made rotatable in the same direction.
In the embodiment, the gears 8 and 9 are configured to have the same diameter, and their rotational speeds are set to be the same.

One end of a motor bracket 10 is fixed to the outer end surface of the cutter frame 2, and a motor 1 is fixed to the other end.
1 and a speed reducer 12 is fixed thereto. A drive gear 14 is fixed to the output shaft 13 of the reduction gear 12, and the gear 14 meshes with the gears 8 and 9 to transmit the power. Gear 14 above
is arranged at the center of the cutter frame 2 in the width direction, making it possible to increase the diameter of the cutters 5a and 5b.

In addition, 15 and 15 in the figure are cutter frames 2.
The scraper is fixed to face the inside of the scraper, and its upper surfaces 15a, 15a are formed as inclined surfaces that descend inward, and a plurality of grooves 16 are formed at the tip of the scraper, and the end portion is shaped like a comb. It consists of The cutters 5a and 5b are tightly housed in each of the grooves 16, and the tips of the scrapers 15 and 15 are tightly arranged opposite to each spacer 6.

4 to 7 show the main parts of an applied example of the chip crusher, and the same reference numerals are used for parts corresponding to the above-mentioned configurations. Among these, in the application example shown in FIG. 4, idle gears 17 and 18 are rotatably disposed directly below the gears 8 and 9, and these gears 8 and 9 mesh with the drive gear 14,
By appropriately selecting and using the number of teeth of the gears 8, 9, the idle gears 17, 18, and the drive gear 14, the deceleration of these gear systems can be changed as appropriate, and the output of the various motors 11, in other words, the cutting capacity can be changed. The cutting device 1 is characterized in that it can be easily modified according to the situation, and that the cutting device 1 except the gears 8, 9, 14, 17, and 18 can be used in common.

In the application example shown in FIG.
8, a drive gear 14 is provided, and the gear 1
4 is meshed with the idle gear 17 and the gear 9, the gear 8 meshing with the gear 9 is rotated in opposite directions to increase the amount of chips caught between the cutters 5a and 5b. gear 8,
By appropriately selecting and using 9, 14, and 17,
The reduction ratio of these gear systems can be changed as appropriate, and can be easily modified according to the output of various motors 11, in other words, the cutting capacity. It is characterized by its ability to be shared.

FIG. 6 shows yet another application example of the chip crusher, in which gears 8 and 9 fixed to cutter shafts 3 and 4 of the same diameter are made to have different diameters,
By varying the rotational speeds of the shafts 3 and 4 or the rotational speeds of the coaxial cutters 5b and 5a, it is possible to adjust the amount of chips to be cut between the cutters 5a and 5b.

That is, for example, as shown in the figure, gear 8 is replaced by gear 9.
If a gear with a larger diameter is used and these reduction ratios are set, the rotational speed of the cutter 5b coaxial with the gear 8 on the larger diameter side will be slower than that of the cutter 5a coaxial with the other gear 9. Although the scraping of chips by the cutter 5a is improved, the action of the cutter 5b to scrape the chips back toward the scraper 15 is reduced,
This means that the amount of chips supplied into the interiors of a and 5b is relatively increased, and cutting efficiency can be improved.

On the other hand, if the gear 8 is of a smaller diameter than the gear 9, the cutter 5 coaxial with the gear 8 can be used.
Since the rotational speed of the cutter b is higher than that of the cutter 5a, which is coaxial with the gear 8, the scraping action of the cutter 5a is reduced, and the scraping action of the cutter 5b is activated, causing cutting into the cutters 5a and 5b. The amount of powder supplied is relatively reduced, and the amount of powder supplied is suppressed.

Therefore, by appropriately changing the number of teeth of the gears 8, 9 according to the cutting capacity of the cutting device 1, for example, the output of the motor 11, and setting a predetermined reduction ratio, the gears 8, 9 can be A variety of cutting devices 1 can be obtained by simply making changes, and rational designs and optimal cutting conditions can be obtained. Therefore, by changing the diameters of the cutters 5a and 5b in addition to changing the gears 8 and 9, the circumferential speed of the cutters 5a and 5b can be changed, and the mounting mode of the cutters 5a and 5b can be changed to the reverse phase mode as shown in Fig. 2. If the in-phase mode is set instead, the above effect will be further enhanced.

Further, in the application example shown in FIG. 7, the gear 8 of one cutter shaft 3 is removed to make drive rotation by the drive gear 14 impossible, and the other cutter shaft 4 is connected via the gears 4 and 14. The cutter 5a on the cutter shaft 4 side is used to actively draw in and cut chips, and the cutter 5b is normally stopped and only the cutter 5a is driven to cut. We aim to reduce the size and weight of this type of equipment by reducing the size and weight of this type of equipment.
While suppressing the amount of chips supplied to a and 5b, when a predetermined amount of chips are supplied, the frictional force between them causes them to rotate in the opposite direction to the cutter 5a, and the cutter 5b is rotated in the same direction as the cutter 5a. It is characterized by collecting chips to improve cutting efficiency.

(Function) Since the chip crusher having the basic configuration as described above has the gears 8 and 9 spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction, the cutter shafts 3 and 4 to which the gears 8 and 9 are fixed also operate in the same manner. Cutters 5 are arranged at a distance from each other and interlocked between these shafts 3 and 4.
The diameters of a and 5b can be increased.

Moreover, since the drive gear 14 is arranged outside the cutter frame 2 at the center in the width direction, the gears 8 and 9 that mesh with the gear 14 are encouraged to separate, and the width of the cutter frame 2 is Katsuta 5
The diameters of a and 5b can be increased.

Therefore, by increasing the diameter of the cutters 5a and 5b, the circumferential speed when they rotate increases as will be described later, and the scraping action of the cutters 5a and 5b and the scraping back. can be performed efficiently.

Further, the drive gear 14 is placed on the outside of the cutter frame 2 at the center in the width direction.
By arranging 4, it is possible to prevent the motor 11 and reducer 12 that drive the drive gear 14 from protruding in the width direction of the cutter frame 2, thereby reducing the size of this type of device and reducing its installation space. can be made more compact.

Next, to explain the operation of the above-mentioned chip crusher, the crusher is installed, for example, at the discharge end of a chip conveyor attached to a machine tool, with the cutting device 1 positioned, and when the motor 11 is started, its power is The signal is transmitted from the reducer 12 through the output shaft 13 and the drive gear 14 to the gears 8 and 9 that mesh with the gear 14, and the cutter shafts 3 and 4 to which these gears 8 and 9 are fixed are shown in FIGS. As shown in the figure, the shafts 3 and 4 are rotated in the same direction, and the cutters 5a and 5b and the spacer 6, which are attached to these shafts 3 and 4, rotate integrally in the same direction.

In this case, the cutter shafts 3 and 4 are installed separately from the output shaft 13, which is the drive shaft, and a so-called two-shaft interlocking type is adopted. Compared to an integrated shaft structure in which both the drive-side torque and the torque specific to the cutter shaft act on the shaft, the shaft diameter can be made smaller, and this type of device can be made smaller and lighter. That will happen.

When the machine tool starts cutting metal under these conditions, the chips generated by the processing are conveyed to a chip conveyor (not shown) and fall into the cutting device 1 from its delivery end. and is housed on the circumferential surfaces of the cutters 5a, 5b and the spacer 6. In this case, even if some of the chips fall onto the scraper 15, they will fall onto the upper surface of the slope.
5a, and is received on the cutters 5a, 5b.

In this way, the chips accommodated on the circumferential surfaces of the cutters 5a, 5b and the spacer 6 are subjected to different effects from each other, and the amount of chips supplied between the cutters 5a, 5b is suppressed. That is, the cutter 5a and the spacer 6 mounted coaxially with the cutter 5a rotate in the inner direction of the cutting device 1 as shown in the figure, in other words, in the direction in which the chips are drawn in, and the cutter 5a and the spacer 6 mounted coaxially with the cutter 5a rotate in the direction in which the cutting chips are drawn in. The powder is moved together and collected into the meshing part of the cutters 5a and 5b.

On the other hand, the cutter 5b and the spacer 6 mounted coaxially with the cutter 5b are rotating in a direction opposite to the winding direction as shown in the figure, and the chips stored on their circumferential surfaces are moved together and sent to the meshing part. At the same time, the scraper 15 scoops out some of the chips scraped up by the cutter 5a.
Scrape it back to the side. Therefore, the amount of chips between the cutters 5a and 5b is reduced accordingly, and the amount of chips between the cutters 5a and 5b is reduced accordingly.
Since the amount of chips supplied into the cutting device 1 is suppressed and the amount of chips is metered to a substantially constant amount, even if a large amount of chips are fed into the cutting device 1 at once, they will not be absorbed by the cutters 5a,
There will be no clogging in 5b.

In this case, the cutters 5a and 5b are as described above.
Since it is formed to have a large diameter relative to the width of the cutter frame 2, its circumferential speed increases, and the action of raking up and scraping back chips is enhanced.

The chips remaining between the cutters 5a and 5b are scooped out by the cutting blade 7 of the cutter 5b,
It is wound into the cutters 5a and 5b through the gap formed between the back surface of the cutting blade 7 and the outer peripheral surface of the spacer 6 attached to the cutter shaft 3, and at this time, these spacers 6 and the cutter 5a It is crushed on the peripheral surface, torn off and divided by the peripheral edges of the cutters 5a and 5b, and falls into a chip box (not shown) to be stored therein.

In this case, the supply amount of chips in the cutters 5a and 5b is suppressed by the scraping operation of the cutter 5b as described above, and a certain amount of chips is supplied according to the cutting capacity of the cutters 5b. It is possible to prevent clogging in the cutters 5a and 5b, and also prevent the cutter shaft 3,
This makes it possible to prevent deformation of the cutters 4 and breakage of the cutters 5a and 5b.

Furthermore, even if an amount of chips exceeding the cutting capacity of the cutting device 1 is supplied into the cutters 5a, 5b, the cutters 5b will scoop up some of the chips and scrape them back toward the scraper 15, so that the cutters 5a, 5b There is no room for chips to become clogged inside. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the interruption of the cutting operation due to the occurrence of chip clogging, to perform the cutting operation efficiently, and to prevent the motor 11 from being overloaded.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the chip crusher of the present invention has the following features:
Through the rotation of the cutters, the pieces to be cut are scraped from one scraper side between the mutually interlocking cutters,
Since the collected pieces are scraped back to the other scraper side, the cut pieces to be cut by the cutter can be measured in a constant amount, and the cutter shaft can be prevented from clogging and deformation of the cutter shaft caused by this. , prevent the cutter blade from spilling, overload on the drive side, etc.
In addition to being able to cut smoothly and rationally, it also has the effect of preventing overload operation of each part and improving its lifespan.

Furthermore, in the present invention, since the cutter on the scraping side is rotated at a higher speed than the cutter on the scraping side, clogging of the cut object during cutting can be strongly prevented from occurring, and the above-mentioned effects can be enhanced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a plan view showing the basic configuration of the present invention, Figure 2 is a plan view showing the basic configuration of the present invention;
The figure is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A' in Figure 1, slightly enlarged, and Figure 3 is a side view of Figure 1, with some parts omitted. FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a main part of an applied example of the present invention. 3, 4... cutter shaft, 5a, 5b...
Katsuta, 6...Spacer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Inside the cutter frame, a pair of cutter shafts are horizontally spaced apart and pivotally supported, and the cutter shafts are arranged so as to be rotatable in the same direction at different speeds, and the cutter shafts are provided with a cutter and a spacer. are installed alternately, and these cutters are arranged in mesh with each other between different axes. On the other hand, a comb-shaped scraper with a plurality of grooves formed inside the cutter frame is arranged facing each other, and the cutters are inserted into the grooves. In the chip crusher, which accommodates the outer peripheral part and allows a large number of discontinuous pieces to be cut to be fed at once from above the cutter frame, through the rotation of the cutter,
Scrape the cut pieces from one scraper side between the mutually interlocking cutters, scrape the scraped cut pieces back to the other scraper side, and rotate the scraper on the scraper side at a higher speed than the cutter on the scraper side. Chippukratshya is characterized by the following.