JPH0438442B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0438442B2 JPH0438442B2 JP29263887A JP29263887A JPH0438442B2 JP H0438442 B2 JPH0438442 B2 JP H0438442B2 JP 29263887 A JP29263887 A JP 29263887A JP 29263887 A JP29263887 A JP 29263887A JP H0438442 B2 JPH0438442 B2 JP H0438442B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- small
- small particles
- medium
- particles
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は、流体中に混入している実質的に比重
差のない物質を分離する方法に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for separating substances mixed in a fluid that have substantially no difference in specific gravity.
［従来の技術］
流体中に媒質以外の物質が混入している場合、
その物質は一般には遠心分離法によつて分離する
ことができるが、その物質が流体と実質的に同じ
密度を有している場合には、遠心分離法を用いる
ことができない。[Prior art] When a substance other than the medium is mixed in the fluid,
The substance can generally be separated by centrifugation, but if the substance has substantially the same density as the fluid, centrifugation cannot be used.
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
本発明は、上記流体中における比重差のない物
質を簡単に分離する方法を提供しようとするもの
である。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention aims to provide a method for easily separating substances with no difference in specific gravity in the above-mentioned fluid.
［問題点を解決するための手段、作用］
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の方法は、媒
質と比重差のない小粒子が混入している流体中に
超音波を照射し、その音場内における小粒子に音
圧振幅の小さい方向への力を作用させて、小粒子
を音圧振幅の小さい位置に集合させ、この集合に
より小粒子が高密度に含まれている部分を分離抽
出することを特徴とするものである。[Means and effects for solving the problem] In order to achieve the above object, the method of the present invention irradiates ultrasonic waves into a fluid containing small particles with no difference in specific gravity from the medium, and A force is applied to the small particles in the direction of the small sound pressure amplitude, so that the small particles gather at a position where the sound pressure amplitude is small, and from this aggregation, a part containing a high density of small particles is separated and extracted. It is characterized by:
さらに具体的に説明すると、一般に、体積Ｖの
小球に超音波を照射したとき、小球に作用する超
音波の放射圧による力Ｆは次式で表わされる
（W.L.Nyborg 著，Ultrasound：its
applications in medicine and biology，Ｆ，
Ｊ，Fry 編（1978年）。 To explain more specifically, in general, when a small sphere of volume V is irradiated with ultrasound, the force F due to the radiation pressure of the ultrasound acting on the small sphere is expressed by the following formula (WLNyborg, Ultrasound:its
applications in medicine and biology, F.
Edited by Fry, J. (1978).
Ｆ＝VY〓KE−Ｖ（１−γ）〓PE ……(1)
KE：運動エネルギーの時間平均
PE：ポテンシヤルエネルギーの時間平均
〓：空間の勾配（グラデイエント）演算子
γ：小球と媒質の圧縮性の比
Ｙ：小球の密度ρSと媒質の密度ρ0の関数
Ｙ＝３・（ρS−ρ0）／2ρS＋ρ0 ……(2)
ここで、もし、小球と媒質の密度が等しければ
（ρS＝ρ0）、Ｙ＝０となり、(1)式右辺の第１項は０
になる。 F=VY〓K E −V(1−γ)〓P E ……(1) K E : Time average of kinetic energy P E : Time average of potential energy 〓 : Gradient operator in space γ : Small Ratio of compressibility between sphere and medium Y: Function of density of sphere ρ S and density of medium ρ 0 Y=3・(ρ S −ρ 0 )/2ρ S +ρ 0 ……(2) Here, if If the densities of the small sphere and the medium are equal (ρ S = ρ 0 ), Y=0, and the first term on the right side of equation (1) is 0.
become.
そして、一般に、γ＜１であるから、結局、
Ｆ∝−〓PE
となり、小球にはポテンシヤル・エネルギーの勾
配とは逆向きに力が作用し、即ち、音場内におい
て音圧振幅の小さい方向に力が作用することにな
る。 In general, since γ<1, the result is F∝−〓P E , and a force acts on the small sphere in the opposite direction to the gradient of potential energy, that is, when the sound pressure amplitude is small in the sound field. A force will be applied in the direction.
従つて、媒質中の３次元定在波音場内に媒質と
同じ密度の小粒子が多量に混入していた場合、そ
の小粒子は最終的には音圧振幅最小の位置に落着
くことになり、この小粒子の集合部分を細管等に
より吸引抽出することにより、小粒子が高密度に
含まれている部分を分離することができる。 Therefore, if a large number of small particles with the same density as the medium are mixed in a three-dimensional standing wave sound field in a medium, the small particles will eventually settle at the position where the sound pressure amplitude is minimum. By suctioning and extracting this collection of small particles using a thin tube or the like, it is possible to separate a portion containing a high density of small particles.
この場合に、媒質中に超音波を照射することに
よつて、(1)式で表わされる超音波の放射圧による
力が流体中の物質に作用するため、たとえ比重差
がなくとも、流体の媒質とその中に存在する小粒
子との間に、圧縮性の差、あるいは音速の差や音
響インピーダンスの差があれば、０ではない有限
の力が小粒子に加わり、それが流体の媒質中を移
動していくため、小粒子を特定の場所に動かすこ
とが可能になり、高密度に集合させて分離するこ
とができる。 In this case, by irradiating ultrasonic waves into the medium, the force due to the ultrasonic radiation pressure expressed by equation (1) acts on the substance in the fluid, so even if there is no difference in specific gravity, the fluid If there is a difference in compressibility, speed of sound, or acoustic impedance between a medium and a small particle existing in it, a non-zero finite force will be applied to the small particle, which will , it is possible to move small particles to specific locations, allowing them to aggregate and separate at high density.
また、この方法では、実施例として後述するよ
うに、例えば円筒内の定在波音場中では、第２図
ないし第４図のような小粒子の凝集が見られ、超
音波の周波数を変えると共鳴状態の変化に対応し
て凝集形態が変化する。そのため、容器形状や超
音波の周波数を適切に選択することにより、凝集
をさらに特定の位置に集中させ、一層小粒子の抽
出分離を容易にすることができる。 In addition, with this method, as will be described later as an example, for example, in a standing wave sound field inside a cylinder, agglomeration of small particles as shown in Figures 2 to 4 is observed, and when the frequency of the ultrasound is changed, The aggregate morphology changes in response to changes in the resonance state. Therefore, by appropriately selecting the shape of the container and the frequency of the ultrasonic waves, it is possible to further concentrate the agglomeration in a specific position and facilitate the extraction and separation of small particles.
なお、この分離方法は、媒質中に定在波音場を
形成する場合に限られるものではなく、進行波音
場においても、ポテンシヤルエネルギー（あるい
は音圧振幅）に空間的な勾配をもたせることによ
つて実施することが可能である。 Note that this separation method is not limited to forming a standing wave sound field in a medium, but can also be applied to a traveling wave sound field by creating a spatial gradient in the potential energy (or sound pressure amplitude). It is possible to implement it.
［実施例］
第１図は、本発明の分離方法の実施に用いた装
置の構成を示すもので、直径が10cmの透明アクリ
ル樹脂製の円筒容器１内に媒質２としての塩水を
約50cmの深さに注入し、この媒質２中に直径が
0.5mm程度の多数のポリスチレン粒子３を浮遊さ
せた。媒質２は、塩分の濃度によつてポリスチレ
ン粒子３と密度を一致させた。円筒容器１の下面
には超音波送波器４を取付けている。[Example] Figure 1 shows the configuration of an apparatus used to carry out the separation method of the present invention, in which salt water as a medium 2 is placed in a cylindrical container 1 made of transparent acrylic resin with a diameter of 10 cm to a depth of about 50 cm. injected into the medium 2 with a diameter of
A large number of polystyrene particles 3 of about 0.5 mm were suspended. The density of the medium 2 was made to match that of the polystyrene particles 3 by the concentration of salt. An ultrasonic transmitter 4 is attached to the lower surface of the cylindrical container 1.
このような装置を用い、上記超音波送波器４か
ら送波して、水面との間に定在波を形成し、３次
元定在波音場内におけるポリスチレン粒子３の分
離を試みた。 Using such a device, waves were transmitted from the ultrasonic transmitter 4 to form standing waves between the waves and the water surface, and an attempt was made to separate the polystyrene particles 3 in a three-dimensional standing wave sound field.
円筒内部は平面波ではなく複雑な圧力分布とな
るが、定在波の音圧振幅の分布に対応して、ポリ
スチレン粒子３が音圧振幅最小の位置に落着くた
め、円筒内の３次元的な圧力場において一部にポ
リスチレン粒子３を高密度に集合させることがで
きた。なお、小形のセンサを用いて圧力分布を測
ることにより、圧力の小さい部分に粒子が集まつ
ていることが確かめられた。 The pressure inside the cylinder is not a plane wave but a complex pressure distribution, but the polystyrene particles 3 settle at the position of the minimum sound pressure amplitude in accordance with the distribution of the sound pressure amplitude of the standing wave, so the three-dimensional pressure distribution inside the cylinder The polystyrene particles 3 could be assembled in a high density in a part of the pressure field. By measuring the pressure distribution using a small sensor, it was confirmed that particles were concentrated in areas with low pressure.
第２図ないし第４図は、上記超音波送波器４か
ら30.35kHz、31.19kHz及び31.79kHzの超音波を送
波した場合の粒子の凝集状態を示している。 FIGS. 2 to 4 show the state of particle aggregation when ultrasonic waves of 30.35 kHz, 31.19 kHz, and 31.79 kHz are transmitted from the ultrasonic transmitter 4.
［発明の効果］
このような本発明の分離法によれば、流体中に
おける比重差のない物質を簡単かつ容易に分離抽
出することができる。[Effects of the Invention] According to the separation method of the present invention, substances with no difference in specific gravity in a fluid can be simply and easily separated and extracted.
第１図は本発明の方法の実施に用いた装置の構
成図、第２図はないし第４図は上記装置による小
粒子の凝集状態を示す説明図である。
１……円筒容器、２……媒質、３……ポリスチ
レン粒子、４……超音波送波器。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus used to carry out the method of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are explanatory diagrams showing the state of aggregation of small particles by the above-mentioned apparatus. 1... Cylindrical container, 2... Medium, 3... Polystyrene particles, 4... Ultrasonic wave transmitter.
Claims (1)
体中に超音波を照射し、その音場内における小粒
子に音圧振幅の小さい方向への力を作用させて、
小粒子を音圧振幅の小さい位置に集合させ、この
集合により小粒子が高密度に含まれている部分と
分離抽出することを特徴とする流体中における比
重差のない物質の分離法。1. Ultrasonic waves are irradiated into a fluid containing small particles with no difference in specific gravity from the medium, and a force is applied to the small particles in the sound field in the direction of small sound pressure amplitude.
A method for separating substances in a fluid with no difference in specific gravity, which is characterized by gathering small particles in a position where the sound pressure amplitude is small, and separating and extracting small particles from a part containing a high density of small particles through this aggregation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29263887A JPH01135515A (en) | 1987-11-19 | 1987-11-19 | Method for separating substances having no specific gravity differences in fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29263887A JPH01135515A (en) | 1987-11-19 | 1987-11-19 | Method for separating substances having no specific gravity differences in fluid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01135515A JPH01135515A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
| JPH0438442B2 true JPH0438442B2 (en) | 1992-06-24 |
Family
ID=17784377
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29263887A Granted JPH01135515A (en) | 1987-11-19 | 1987-11-19 | Method for separating substances having no specific gravity differences in fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01135515A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4691718B2 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2011-06-01 | 本多電子株式会社 | Separation apparatus and liquid fractionation apparatus using the same |
| JP4691719B2 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2011-06-01 | 本多電子株式会社 | Separation apparatus and liquid fractionation apparatus using the same |
| US7340957B2 (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2008-03-11 | Los Alamos National Security, Llc | Ultrasonic analyte concentration and application in flow cytometry |
| US8266950B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2012-09-18 | Los Alamos National Security, LLP | Particle analysis in an acoustic cytometer |
-
1987
- 1987-11-19 JP JP29263887A patent/JPH01135515A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01135515A (en) | 1989-05-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |