JPH04342083A - Device for generating simulated sight signal - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase resolution and to mitigate the flicker of a small object or the stair-shaped display of a diagonal line by calculating the area of a polygon or the lower polygon appearing from the back of it through the use of a register matrix. CONSTITUTION:An input calculating device 3 decodes edge data where an edge is arrayed order of calculated display as to one scan line, obtains data of plural sub-pixel for one scan line at a time and writes it in the register matrix 41. The register matrix 41 holds the picture data for one scan line. An output calculating device 5 reads the data at every picture element for displaying and calculates the number of the register matrix 41 that the same polygon has in the data. The output calculating device 5 assigns the number of the polygon in accordance with the number of the matrix and mixes it as to the one picture element. Thus, the area of the polygon or the lower polygon appearing from the back of it is correctly calculated so as to mix color in accordance with this.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [0001] [Industrial Application Field] This invention is a simulation method for displaying a hypothetical three-dimensional scene as a two-dimensional image viewed from a specified viewpoint using a computer. Regarding viewing devices, this is to prevent flickering of small polygon (polyhedrons or polygons that constitute visual objects) display. 2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional simulated visibility signal generating device. This device numerically models and simulates visual objects as a combination of polygons, polygonal surfaces, and light spots. In FIG. 2, the simulated visual field host computer 1 stores information such as the positions of all visual objects included in a hypothetical three-dimensional scene, the positions of vertices forming surfaces, and colors. For example, in the case of an airplane simulator,
Select visual objects within the field of view according to viewpoint information such as the direction and height of the airplane, and the pilot's viewpoint position, and send them to the geometric calculation device described later, and create a matrix for coordinate transformation used in the geometric calculation device. Do the calculations. The geometric calculation device 2 prioritizes visual objects sent from the simulated visual field host computer 1 in order of proximity to the viewpoint according to their positional relationship with the viewpoint, and calculation of the perspective view, the brightness of each surface when illuminated by the specified light source,
Geometrical calculations are performed, such as calculating the degree of haze and calculating whether a line (edge) on a perspective view of the edge of a polyhedron that defines the visual object represents the outline of the visual object. The scanning line calculation device 7 calculates the position of the intersection of a scanning line and an edge, the brightness and haze (fade) at the intersection, the rate of change of brightness and fade in the scanning line direction, and processes for removing hidden surfaces. Let's do it. The video signal generator 8 is a scanning line calculation device 7.
A video signal is generated based on the signal output from the display device 6, and is displayed in color on the display device 6. [0006] The conventional simulated visual field signal generation device determines the attributes of the polygon to be displayed using one on the display device 6.
It was associated with pixels. That is, the minimum unit of display resolution is one pixel, and polygons are sampled in units of one pixel, so information below a pixel is ignored. As a result, regarding the display of small objects, from the state where the visual object intersects the scan line as shown in Fig. 3(a), to the state shown in Fig. 3(a),
When moving as in (b), objects that fall between the scan lines cannot be displayed because they do not intersect with the scan lines, and even the same object may or may not be displayed. Furthermore, diagonal lines and the like could only be displayed in a step-like jagged manner as shown in FIG. [0007] The problem to be solved by this invention is to increase the actual resolution of the displayed scan line and to reduce the flickering of small objects caused by associating the attributes of the displayed polygon with one pixel on the display device. , the purpose is to alleviate the step-like display of diagonal lines. Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, a simulated visibility signal generating device according to the present invention displays a hypothetical three-dimensional scene as a two-dimensional image viewed from a specified viewpoint. In order to do this, select visual objects within the range visible from a specified viewpoint that are prioritized in order of their likelihood of blocking others, convert them onto the screen, and configure polygons that belong to the visual objects. In a simulated visibility signal generator that calculates edges to
a decoder that decodes a pixel into a plurality of subpixels divided into a predetermined number in the vertical and horizontal directions, and a register matrix that writes edge data of the plurality of decoded subpixel data and reads out each pixel to be displayed. , an area calculation device that calculates the number of register matrices occupied by the same polygon in one read pixel; a color calculation device that converts the color information of the read register matrix into color signal data; and an area calculation device for one pixel. The present invention is characterized in that it includes a mixing section that multiplies and adds together the number of register matrices calculated by the device and the color data calculated by the color calculation device and mixes the results. [0009] Edges are calculated for one scan line and the edge data arranged in display order is decoded to obtain data of a plurality of sub-pixels for one scan line each and written into the register matrix. This is read out for each pixel to be displayed, and the number of register matrices occupied by the same polygon is calculated. The color area of the polygon is assigned according to this number. When this is mixed for one pixel, a color is displayed according to the area of the polygon belonging to that pixel, and flickering of small objects and jaggedness of diagonal lines are alleviated. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the simulated visibility signal generating device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, a simulated visual field host computer 1, a geometric calculation device 2, and a display device 6 are the same as the conventional one shown in FIG. 2, and therefore their explanation will be omitted. The input calculation device 3, register matrix device 4, and output calculation device 5 according to this embodiment replace the scanning line calculation device 7 and video signal generation device 8 of FIG. The input calculation device 3 has a function of calculating edge data for one scan line to be written into a register matrix to be described later. Register matrix 4 holds image data for one scan line. The output calculation device 5 reads the value written in the register matrix device 4 and sends it to the display device 6. [0012] The configuration of each part will be explained in more detail. The input calculation device 3 consists of the following blocks. Edge memory 31: Holds one frame worth of edge data output from the geometry calculation device 2. Coordinate calculation device 32: Clips the edge data with the width of the scan line to be displayed. Sorting device 33: Sends the clipped edge data to the matrix decoder in order of distance from the viewpoint. Matrix decoder 34: From the input edge data for one scan line, divides the scan line into a predetermined number of subpixels in the vertical and horizontal directions, and distinguishes between subpixels surrounded by the same polygon. , one scan line is decoded. The register matrix device 4 consists of the following blocks. Register matrix 41: has a register group corresponding to the resolution desired to be displayed, that is, a register group comprising one scan line of one pixel divided into a predetermined number in the vertical and horizontal directions, and each register is connected to the active edge memory 42. retains the address of Active edge memory 42: Holds edge data existing in the scan line to be displayed. Here, the edge data includes color designation data C and the like. The output calculation device 5 consists of the following blocks. Area calculation device 51: Reads the register group belonging to the pixel to be displayed, and counts the number of registers having the same polygon attribute. Color calculation device 52: Consists of one or more input registers and a corresponding color calculation section, which reads out color designation data C, etc. of polygons existing in pixels to be displayed from the active edge memory, and inputs them into the input registers. At the same time, the R, G, and B values of the polygon are calculated from the color specification data C and the like. Mixing device 53: Multiplies the area calculated by the area calculation device 51 and the color calculated by the color calculation device 52 for identical polygons. If there are other polygons at that pixel, they are multiplied in the same way, and finally they are all added up to determine the color of that pixel. Line memory 54: The color data mixed by the mixing device 53 is written to the line memory 54,
It is read out at a timing synchronized with the display on the display device 6. The operating principle of this embodiment will be explained in detail below. The edge memory 31 stores edge data for one frame. As shown in FIG. 5, consider as an example an image in which two triangles A and B overlap on a background polygon C. Assume that scan line Q shown in FIG. 5 is to be displayed. The inputs of the coordinate calculation device 32 are polygons A,
These are the coordinate values of the vertices of B and C, and the value Q of the scan line to be displayed. Since polygons A, B, and C are clipped at Q by the coordinate calculation device 32, the output is as shown in FIG. a1, a2, b1, b2, c
1 and c2 are polygons A, B, and C clipped by scan line Q to be displayed. The coordinate calculation device 32 calculates the coordinate values of the clipped edge and information indicating which side is inside the polygon.
It is sent to the sorting device 33. The edges a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 are input to the sorting device 33, and are rearranged in the order of those farthest from the viewpoint. In the example of FIG. 5, the order of distance from the viewpoint is background C, triangle B, and triangle A. Therefore, the output from the sorting device 33 is in the order c1, c2, b1, b2, a1, a2, as shown in FIG. Note that the arrow I in FIG. 7 is information indicating that the direction is inside the polygon. The edge data rearranged by the sorting device 33 is input to a matrix decoder 34. The matrix decoder 34 calculates all the register matrices 4 sandwiched between the same polygons based on the input coordinates of the same polygon and information on which side is inside the polygon.
Decode to specify 1. Here, the register matrix 41 is, as shown in FIG. 8, a predetermined number of registers arranged vertically and horizontally for one scan line in order to obtain the desired display resolution. In the example of FIG. 8, one pixel is divided into 4×4 subpixels. For decoding of each decomposed sub-pixel, since the slope of the edge is already known from the data in the edge memory 31, one pixel is decoded from the input coordinates of the same polygon and the information about which side is inside the polygon. It is obtained by dividing into four in the direction. The active edge memory 42 is a memory that holds edge data output from the input calculation device 3. This address is sent to register matrix 41 and written. Addresses of the active edge memory 41 are written into the register matrix 41 in order from the one furthest from the viewpoint. At this time, each register into which an address is written corresponds to a subpixel determined by matrix decoder 34 to be located inside the polygon. To explain using the example of FIG. 6, first, since the start and end of one scan line are sandwiched between c1 and c2, the address of the active edge list 42 that stores the attributes of this polygon is the address of the entire register matrix 41.
will be written to. Next, the area between b1 and b2 is overwritten with the address of the active edge list 42 that similarly stores the attributes of polygon B. Furthermore, a
The same applies to 1 and a2. In this way, polygon attributes can be written in all register matrices 41 for the scan to be displayed. The area calculation device 51 in the output calculation device 5 reads the register belonging to the pixel to be displayed from the register matrix 41, and counts the number of identical addresses written therein. This counted number is
This is the area occupied by one polygon. At the same time, this address is sent back to the active edge memory 42, and the color information of the polygon is read from the active edge memory 42. The read color information is
It is input to a data register in color calculation device 52. As shown in FIG. 9, the color calculation device 52 includes a plurality of data registers 521, 522, 523, 524 and color calculation sections 525, 526, 527, 528 corresponding thereto. Since the data registers 521 to 524 hold polygon data valid for each pixel, there is no need to access a new memory each time the pixel changes while displaying the polygon. The color calculation units 525 to 528 calculate R from the color designation codes input to the data registers 521 to 524.
, G, B data. These data are sent to the mixing unit 53, multiplied by the area of the same polygon output from the area calculation device 51, and added. This situation is shown in FIG. Assume that edges a2 and b1 exist for one pixel as shown in FIG. 10(a). Regarding the part given by the input calculation device 3, the characteristics of the part of each register matrix 41 are as shown in FIG. 10(b).
become that way. The color of polygons A, B, and C is C(a)
, C(b), C(c), in the case of FIG.
The following calculation is performed. C=C(a)・7/16+C(b)・5/
16+C(c)·2/16 The value in each numerator is the number of register matrices corresponding to subpixels in the display pixel. The result of the above calculation is stored in the line memory 54.
After being buffered, the data is sent there and displayed at a timing synchronized with the display device 6. For example, regarding the display of small polygons,
In the conventional system, when moving from FIG. 3(a) to FIG. 3(b), objects that fell between the scan lines did not intersect with the scan lines and could not be displayed. In the present invention, the area occupied by a polygon can be calculated with a resolution proportional to the number of register matrices that correspond to multiple subpixels obtained by dividing one pixel, and it is also possible to calculate the area occupied by a polygon with a resolution proportional to the number of register matrices that correspond to multiple subpixels that are divided into one pixel. Area can be calculated. Therefore, regarding the display of small objects, what is displayed or not displayed, according to the present invention,
Since the colors are mixed and displayed according to the area, flickering due to movement of the display object can be reduced. Furthermore, when displaying diagonal lines, conventionally
However, in the present invention, colors are mixed according to the area for pixels where edges exist, so the jagged edges are displayed in a gentle manner. [0042] As explained above, according to the present invention, the area occupied by a polygon can be calculated with the resolution of the register matrix, and it is also possible to accurately calculate the area occupied by a polygon with respect to the polygon below that appears from behind the polygon. The area can be calculated. Therefore, colors are mixed according to the area of pixels where edges exist, and smooth edges can be displayed and flickering of small objects can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a simulated visibility signal generating device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional simulated visual field device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the display of small polygons according to conventional technology; FIG. 3(a) is a diagram when the small polygon is at a certain position, and FIG. 3(b) is a diagram when it has been slightly moved. be.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of displaying diagonal lines according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example of image display.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a particular scan line Q in FIG. 6;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of output from the sorting device.

FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining the concept of a register matrix, FIG. 9(a) is a diagram showing division in one pixel, FIG. 9(b)
) is a diagram showing one pixel on one scan line.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the inside of the color calculation device.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating area calculation.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the display of small polygons according to the present invention; FIG. 3(a) is a diagram when the small polygon is in a certain position, and FIG. 3(b) is a diagram when it has been slightly moved. .

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of displaying diagonal lines according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Claims (1)

[Claims] Claim 1: A visual object that is prioritized in order of its likelihood of obscuring others, in order to display a hypothetical three-dimensional scene as a two-dimensional image viewed from a specified viewpoint. A simulated visibility signal that selects objects within the visible range from a specified viewpoint, converts them onto the screen, calculates the edges that make up the polygons that belong to the visual object, performs concealment processing according to priority, and displays it on a display device. The generating device includes a decoder that decodes one pixel of edge data as a plurality of subpixels divided into a predetermined number in the vertical and horizontal directions, and a decoder that writes and attempts to display the edge data of the plurality of decoded subpixel data. 1
A register matrix that is read out for each pixel, an area calculation device that calculates the number of register matrices occupied by the same polygon in one read pixel, and a color calculation device that converts the color information of the read register matrix into color signal data. and a mixing section that multiplies and adds together the number of register matrices calculated by the area calculation device for one pixel and the color data calculated by the color calculation device, and mixes them. .