JP3098060B2 - Simulated view signal generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a simulated field of view device for displaying a three-dimensional scene assumed using a computer as a two-dimensional image viewed from a specified viewpoint, and relates to a small polygon (a visual object). (A polyhedron or polygon) constituting the display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional simulated view signal generating apparatus. In this apparatus, a visual object is simulated by numerical modeling as a combination of a polygon, a polygonal surface, and a light spot. In FIG. 2, the simulated view host computer 1 stores information such as positions of all visual objects included in the assumed three-dimensional scene, positions of vertices constituting a surface, colors, and the like. For example, for an airplane simulator,
According to the viewpoint information such as the direction of the airplane, the height, the viewpoint position of the pilot, etc., a visual object in the field of view is selected and sent to a geometric calculation device described later, and a matrix for coordinate transformation used in the geometric calculation device is selected. Perform calculations.

The geometric calculation device 2 assigns priorities to visual objects sent from the simulated visual field host computer 1 in order from the viewpoint in accordance with the positional relationship with the viewpoint, and assigns the visual object a specified viewpoint. Calculation of the perspective view seen from, the brightness of each surface when illuminated by the specified light source,
Geometric calculations such as calculation of the degree of haze and calculation of whether or not a line (edge) on a perspective view of a ridge of a polyhedron that defines a visual object represents an outline of the visual object.

The scanning line calculation unit 7 calculates the position of the intersection of the scanning line and the edge, the brightness and the degree of haze (fade) at the intersection, the change rate of the brightness and the fade in the scanning line direction, and the processing of erasing the hidden surface. Do.

[0005] The video signal generator 8 comprises a scanning line calculator 7.
A video signal is generated on the basis of the signal output from the device, and the display device 6 displays the video signal in color.

[0006]

In the conventional simulated view signal generating apparatus, the attribute of the polygon to be displayed is displayed on the display device 6 as one attribute.
Was associated with the pixel. That is, the minimum unit of the display resolution is one pixel, and the polygon is sampled in units of one pixel, so that information below the pixel is ignored.
As a result, regarding the display of a small object, the state in which the visual target intersects the scan line as shown in FIG.
In the case of moving as shown in (b), an object that enters between the scan lines cannot be displayed because it does not intersect with the scan line, and the same object may be displayed or not displayed. Also, an oblique line or the like can be displayed only in a step-like indentation as shown in FIG.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase the substantial resolution of a scan line to be displayed, and to reduce flicker of a small object caused by associating the attribute of a polygon to be displayed with one pixel on a display device. To alleviate the stair-like display of the oblique lines.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a simulated view signal generating apparatus according to the present invention is provided for displaying an assumed three-dimensional scene as a two-dimensional image viewed from a designated viewpoint. , Selection of visual objects that are given priority in the order that they are more likely to obstruct others and that can be seen from the specified viewpoint, conversion to the screen, conversion of edges that constitute polygons belonging to the visual object The simulation and the concealment processing according to the priorities are performed, and the simulated view signal generating device to be displayed on the display device is used to generate the edge of the polygon.
For data, in order from furthest from the point of view, a decoder for decoding a plurality of sub-pixels obtained by dividing a predetermined number of one pixel in the vertical and horizontal edge data, Po
Holds the address and color information of Rigon's edge data
An active edge memory; and the active edge memory for the decoded edge data of the plurality of sub-pixels.
Addresses stored in memory
Area calculation for calculating the register matrix for one scan line , which is sequentially overwritten and read for each pixel to be displayed, and the number of the same addresses written in the register matrix occupied by the same polygon in the read one pixel. Device and the area calculator are register matrices.
Active edge memory with address read from memory
And read the color information of the active edge memory.
A color calculator that holds and converts one polygon during display and converts it into color signal data, and multiplies the same number of addresses of the register matrix calculated by the area calculator for one pixel with the color data calculated by the color calculator. And a mixing section for mixing together.

[0009]

[Action] by 1 for scan line edge is calculated to give the data one by one scan line to the edge data arranged to decode a plurality of sub-pixels in the display order, A
Multiple sub-pixels stored in active edge memory
Write the address of the edge data to the register matrix. This is read out for each pixel to be displayed and written into the register matrix occupied by the same polygon.
With calculating the number of the same address are rare, cash register
Active address of the address read from the
Read the color information stored in the edge memory and
Hold while displaying. The area of the color of the polygon is assigned according to this number. When this is mixed for one pixel, a color corresponding to the area of the polygon belonging to that pixel is displayed, and flickering of small objects and jaggies of oblique lines are reduced.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a simulated visual field signal generator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, the simulated view host computer 1, the geometric calculation device 2, and the display device 6 are the same as the conventional one shown in FIG. The input calculating device 3, the register matrix device 4, and the output calculating device 5 according to the present embodiment are replaced with the scanning line calculating device 7 and the video signal generating device 8 in FIG.

The input calculation device 3 has a function of calculating edge data for one scan line to be written into a register matrix described later. The register matrix 4 holds image data for one scan line. Output calculation device 5
Reads the value written in the register matrix device 4 and sends it to the display device 6.

The configuration of each section will be described in more detail.

The input calculation device 3 comprises the following blocks.

An edge memory 31 holds one frame of edge data output from the geometric calculation device 2.

Coordinate calculator 32: Clips edge data at the width of the scan line to be displayed.

Sorting device 33: Sends the clipped edge data to the matrix decoder in order from the one with the longest distance from the viewpoint.

Matrix decoder 34: A plurality of sub-pixels obtained by dividing a scan line into a predetermined number in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction from input edge data for one scan line, and discriminating those surrounded by the same polygon. Thus, decoding is performed for one scan line.

The register matrix device 4 comprises the following blocks.

A register matrix 41 has a register group corresponding to the resolution to be displayed, that is, a register group provided for one scan line in which one pixel is divided into a predetermined number in the vertical and horizontal directions, and each register is an active edge memory 42. Holds the address of

Active edge memory 42: Holds edge data existing on a scan line to be displayed. Here, the edge data includes the color designation data C and the like.

The output calculator 5 comprises the following blocks.

Area calculation unit 51: Reads a register group belonging to a pixel to be displayed, and counts the number of registers having the same polygon attribute.

A color calculation device 52 comprising one or a plurality of input registers and a corresponding color calculation unit, reads out color designation data C of a polygon existing in a pixel to be displayed from the active edge memory 42, and reads the input register. And the R, G, and B values of the polygon are calculated from the color designation data C and the like.

Mixing device 53: The same polygon is multiplied by the area calculated by the area calculation device 51 and the color calculated by the color calculation device 52. If there is another polygon in the pixel, multiplication is performed in the same manner, and finally all are added to obtain the color of the pixel.

Line memory 54: The color data mixed by the mixing device 53 is written into the line memory 54,
It is read out at a timing synchronized with the display on the display device 6.

Hereinafter, the operation principle of this embodiment will be described in detail. The edge memory 31 stores one frame of edge data. An image in which two triangles A and B are overlapped on a background polygon C as shown in FIG. 5 will be considered as an example. It is assumed that the scan line Q shown in FIG. 5 is to be displayed.

The input of the coordinate calculator 32 is polygon A,
These are the coordinate values of the vertices of B and C and the value Q of the scan line to be displayed. Since the polygons A, B, and C are clipped by Q by the coordinate calculation device 32, the output is as shown in FIG. a1, a2, b1, b2, c1,
c2 is obtained by clipping the scan lines Q to display the polygons A, B and C. The coordinate calculation device 32 calculates the coordinate value of the clipped edge and information indicating which is inside the polygon and sends the information to the sorting device 33.

The edges a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 are input to the sorting device 33 and are rearranged in the order of the ones farthest from the viewpoint. In the example of FIG.
The background C, the triangle B, and the triangle A are in this order. Therefore,
The output from the sorting device 33 is c as shown in FIG.
The order is 1, c2, b1, b2, a1, a2. Note that in FIG. 7, the arrow I is information indicating that the direction is inside the polygon.

The edge data rearranged by the sorting device 33 is input to a matrix decoder 34. In the matrix decoder 34, all the register matrices 4 sandwiched between the same polygons are determined based on the input coordinates of the same polygon and the information on the inside of the polygon.
Decode to specify 1. Here, as shown in FIG. 8, the register matrix 41 is formed by arranging a predetermined number of registers for one scan line in the vertical and horizontal directions in order to obtain a desired resolution. In the example of FIG. 8, one pixel is decomposed into 4 × 4 sub-pixels. In the decoding of each of the decomposed sub-pixels, since the inclination of the edge is already known from the data of the edge memory 31, one pixel for one pixel is determined based on the input information of the coordinates of the same polygon or the inside of the polygon. It is obtained by dividing into four directions.

The active edge memory 42 is a memory for holding the edge data output from the input calculation device 3. This address is sent to the register matrix 41 and written.

[0031] in the register matrix 41, in order from furthest from the point of view, the address of the active edge memory 4 2 is written. At this time, the individual registers to which the addresses are written correspond to the sub-pixels determined by the matrix decoder 34 to be inside the polygon. In the example of FIG. 6, since the start and end of one scan line are separated by c1 and c2, the address of the active edge list 42 storing the attribute of the polygon is written in the entire register matrix 41. It is. Next, in the part sandwiched between b1 and b2,
Similarly, the address of the active edge list 42 storing the attribute of the polygon B is overwritten. Furthermore, a1,
The same applies to a2.

In this manner, polygon attributes can be written to all register matrices 41 for a scan to be displayed.

The area calculator 51 in the output calculator 5
Reads the register belonging to the pixel to be displayed from the register matrix 41, and counts the number of the same address written therein. The counted number is the area occupied by one polygon.

At the same time, this address is sent back to the active edge memory 42, and the color information of the polygon is read from the active edge memory 42. The read color information is
The data is input to a data register in the color calculation device 52. As shown in FIG. 9, the color calculation device 52 includes a plurality of data registers 521, 522, 523, and 524 and corresponding color calculation units 525, 526, 527, and 528. The data register 521 to 524, since the data valid polygon pixel is retained, its during polygon Show does not need to access the new active edge memory 42 every time the even pixels changed.

The color calculation units 525 to 528 calculate the color designation codes input to the data registers 521 to 524 from the color designation codes.
The data is converted into R, G, B data. These data are sent to the mixing unit 53, multiplied by the area of the same polygon output from the area calculator 51, and added together. This is shown in FIG.

Assume that the edges of a2 and b1 exist for one pixel as shown in FIG. As for the part provided by the input calculation device 3, the characteristic of the part of each register matrix 41 is as shown in FIG.
become that way. The color of polygons A, B, and C is
In the case of (a), C (b), and C (c), the operation of the following equation is performed in FIG.

C = C (a) · 7/16 + C (b) · 5/16 + C (c) · 2/16

The value in each numerator is the number of register matrices corresponding to sub-pixels in a display pixel.

The result of the above-described operation is stored in the line memory 54
After being buffered, it is sent there and synchronized with the display device 6 and displayed.

For example, for the display of a small polygon,
In the conventional device, when moving from FIG. 3 (a) to FIG. 3 (b), anything that enters between the scan lines does not intersect with the scan lines and cannot be displayed. According to the present invention, the area occupied by a polygon can be calculated at a resolution proportional to the number of register matrices corresponding to a plurality of sub-pixels obtained by dividing one pixel, and the lower polygon appearing from behind the polygon can be accurately calculated. The area can be calculated. Therefore, with respect to the display of a small object, what is displayed or not, according to the present invention,
Since the colors are mixed and displayed according to the area, the flicker caused by the movement of the display target can be reduced.

In the case of displaying a diagonal line, the conventional method shown in FIG.
However, in the present invention, the pixels having an edge are mixed with colors according to the area, so that the jagged edge is displayed gently.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, the area occupied by a polygon can be calculated by the resolution of the register matrix, and the area can be accurately calculated even for a lower polygon appearing from behind the polygon. Can be calculated. For this reason, the color mixing according to the area is performed on the pixel having the edge, so that the display of the smooth edge and the flicker of the small object can be reduced. In addition, color information is retained while displaying the same polygon.
So, while displaying that polygon, the pixels change
Also accesses a new active edge memory each time.
Need not be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a simulated view signal generation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional simulated viewing device.

3A and 3B are views for explaining display of a small polygon according to a conventional technique, wherein FIG. 3A is a view when a small polygon is located at a certain position, and FIG. 3B is a view when it is slightly moved. is there.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a display example of diagonal lines according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example of image display.

6 is an enlarged view of a specific scan line Q in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an output example from a sorting device.

8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating the concept of a register matrix. FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating division in one pixel.
(B) is a diagram showing one pixel on one scan line.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the inside of a color calculation device.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating area calculation.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating display of small polygons according to the present invention. FIG. 3A is a diagram when a small polygon is located at a certain position, and FIG. 3B is a diagram when it is slightly moved. .

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a display example of oblique lines according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Simulated view host computer 2 Geometric calculation device 3 Input calculation device 31 Edge memory 32 Coordinate calculation device 33 Sorting device 34 Matrix decoder 4 Register matrix device 41 Register matrix 42 Active edge memory 5 Output calculation device 51 Area calculation device 52 Color calculation device 53 mixing device 54 line memory 6 display device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G06T 11/00 G06T 15/00 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A viewpoint in which a hypothetical three-dimensional scene is designated.
To display as a two-dimensional image viewed from
Visual objects that are prioritized in the order of
Select objects within the range that can be seen from the specified viewpoint
Convert to lean, configure polygons belonging to visual objects
Calculation of edges to be performed and concealment according to priority
To generate a simulated view signal generator for display on a display device
AndIs the edge data of the polygon far from the viewpoint?
In order One pixel of edge data in vertical and horizontal direction
Decode as multiple sub-pixels divided into a predetermined number
DecoderHolds address and color information of polygon edge data
Active edge memory  Edge data of the decoded plurality of sub-pixelsTo
Address held by the active edge memory
Overwrite in order from the one farthest from the viewpoint,Let's display
Register for one scan line to be read for each pixel
And the same polygon in the one pixel read out.
Register matrixNumber of identical addresses written to
An area calculator for calculatingArea calculator from register matrixRead
Reads the active edge memory with the address and
Displays the same polygon as the color information in the active edge memory.
Hold for a whileColor calculator that converts to color signal data
And the register matrices calculated by the area calculator for one pixel
Rix'sNumber of same addressesAnd the color data calculated by the color calculator.
And a mixing section for multiplying and adding
And a simulated view signal generator.