JPH04327512A - Apparatus for producing fertilizer adsorbing pyroligneous acid and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an apparatus for adsorbing pyroligneous acid on a granular fertilizer and a method for producing a fertilizer in which the pyroligneous acid is adsorbed or an apparatus and a method for producing smoked coal using chaff, etc., as a raw material simultaneously with the aforementioned fertilizer. CONSTITUTION:A body vessel such as a drum is divided into 3 sections in vertical directions with two grids 3 and 5 to form a top chamber 10, a middle chamber 20 and a bottom chamber 30. An ignition port 21 is bored in the upper part of the above- mentioned middle chamber and an air intake 31 is bored in the bottom chamber 30. The respective ports are openably and closably constructed. A chimney 19 is attached through an elbow to the sidewall of the top chamber, which is closed with a canopy 11. Chaff, etc., are filled in the middle chamber of the body vessel of the aforementioned construction and a granular fertilizer is then filled in the top chamber. Ignition is carried out from the ignition port of the middle chamber to close the ignition port after the lapse of a short time. The chaff and fertilizer are allowed to stand thereafter. Thereby, pyroligneous acid (smoked liquid) can be adsorbed on the granular fertilizer.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing fertilizer to which wood vinegar is attached, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus capable of obtaining fertilizer with wood vinegar attached to the surface by filling raw materials into the apparatus main body, igniting the apparatus, making only one touch, and then leaving it to stand, and a method for producing the same.

0002

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Today, organic fertilizers are more popular than chemical fertilizers, but organic fertilizers have the drawbacks of producing putrefactive gases, pests, bad odors, etc., and are difficult to use effectively. Therefore, one possible way to eliminate these defects is to use wood vinegar. This is because wood vinegar has sterilizing, pest repellent, and deodorizing effects, and since wood vinegar is an organic substance, there are no concerns about the side effects associated with chemically synthesized agents. In the past, attempts were made to actively use organic fertilizers by attaching wood vinegar to them, but there was no specific equipment for this purpose.
This was done by simply immersing organic fertilizer in wood vinegar and mixing it.

0003

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the above method, wood vinegar must be prepared separately, and it takes time and effort for dipping, mixing, molding, drying, etc. However, preparing wood vinegar in large quantities is extremely difficult and economically burdensome as the wood vinegar manufacturing method is not fully established. Therefore, it is possible to generate smoke and apply the crude wood vinegar solution to the entire surface of the fertilizer as it is, but the crude wood vinegar solution obtained from smoked wood such as cherry, oak, oak, and oak contains a large amount of tar. However, since this tar is insoluble in water, it is undesirable to apply crude wood vinegar to the entire surface of the fertilizer as it will destroy the fertilizer's effectiveness.

0004

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the means adopted by the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is to have two grids divided into three chambers vertically, namely an upper chamber and a lower chamber from top to bottom. a main body having a chamber and an air intake chamber, a canopy that is openable and closable at the upper edge of the upper chamber, a chimney fixed to a smoke outlet bored in the canopy, and a chimney bored in the upper side wall of the lower chamber. The present invention is characterized by an openable and closable ignition port provided in the air intake chamber, and an openable and closable air intake hole bored in the side wall of the air intake chamber.

[0005] In addition, in order to solve the above problems, the process adopted in the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing method of the present invention is to add rice husk, rice straw, or dried fallen leaves, or any of them, and sawdust or planer shavings (hereinafter referred to as ``rice husks, etc.'') to the lower chamber. ), each upper chamber is filled with granular fertilizer, the canopy of the upper chamber is closed, the air intake of the air intake chamber and the ignition port of the lower chamber are opened, and a pilot flame is introduced from the ignition port, The ignition port is closed when the rice husk, etc. is fully ignited, and in this state, the rice husk, etc. is smoked and carbonized from the top to the bottom, and the air intake port is closed when all the rice husk, etc. are smoked and carbonized. do.

[0006] Furthermore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the process adopted in the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing method of the present invention is to add rice husk, rice straw, or dried fallen leaves, or any of them, and sawdust or planer shavings to the lower chamber, and to add granular fertilizer to the upper chamber. The canopy in the upper chamber is closed, the air intake in the air intake chamber and the ignition port in the lower chamber are opened, and a pilot flame is introduced from the ignition port.When the rice husks, etc. are sufficiently ignited, the ignition port is In this state, the rice husks, etc. are smoked and carbonized from above to the bottom, smoke is generated, and when all the rice husks, etc. are smoked and carbonized, the air intake is closed and left in that state for several hours. It is characterized by

[0007]

[Function] The method of using the wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer production device according to the present invention will be explained below. After removing the upper grid and filling the lower chamber with rice husks, etc., attach the upper grid, and then fill the upper chamber with granular grains. Fill with fertilizer and close the upper chamber canopy. With the air intake in the air intake chamber open, a pilot flame is introduced from the ignition port in the lower chamber to ignite the rice husks, etc. At this time, it is better if oil is sprayed onto the rice husks etc. in advance to ensure ignition and combustion. After confirming that the entire outer surface of the rice husks, etc. is ignited, the ignition port is closed, and in this state, the rice husks, etc. are smoked and carbonized to generate smoke.

[0008] Here, "smoldering" means to burn something without creating a flame but with smoke, that is, it is synonymous with "smoldering" in general terminology. This is different from "carbonization." In other words, air is not blocked. However, it is also distinguished from complete combustion. In other words, it burns while taking in the minimum amount of air. Therefore, in the present invention, rice husks and the like are smoked and carbonized, and the generated smoke is naturally adsorbed to the granular fertilizer placed on the upper stage.

[0009] Rice husks and the like sequentially smoke and burn in search of oxygen from the top to the bottom. The oxygen used to smoke rice husks, etc. is
The air enters the main body through the air intake, passes through the holes in the lower grid, passes through the gaps between rice husks, etc. placed on the lower grid, reaches the smoldering point, and is smoldered and carbonized. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide after smoldering passes through the holes in the upper grid, passes through the gaps between the fertilizer grains placed on the upper grid, and flows out via the chimney. Smoke generated from rice husks, etc.
The smoke comes into contact with the surface of the granular fertilizer on the upper grid, where it adsorbs to the fertilizer and turns into wood vinegar. While the smoldering material (rice husks, etc.) in the lower chamber is smoldering, carbon dioxide and smoke cause a lack of oxygen, which prevents further charring (i.e., ashing does not occur). do not).

[0010] Wood vinegar here refers to the liquefied smoke produced by smoking and burning rice husks, that is, liquid smoke. By the way, rice husk, rice straw, and dried fallen leaves have extremely low lignin content compared to wood. In other words, it is about one-tenth to one-fifteenth that of wood. Therefore, even if rice husks, rice straw, or dried fallen leaves are mixed with sawdust or planer dust containing a large amount of lignin, the tar content will be small and there will be no problem unless the ratio of the latter is particularly high. In addition, it is preferable that the rice husk and the like mentioned here have a total moisture content of up to 30% at most. If it is not dried to this extent, the above-mentioned smoldering and charring will occur unevenly. Further, it is preferable that the rice straw be cut into short pieces of about 30 mm in order to maintain appropriate air circulation. If it is not cut, the amount of distribution may be too high or too low in some areas, resulting in ashing or half-cooking, and the quality may vary. In a precise sense, wood vinegar is a liquid product obtained by carbonizing wood, but wood vinegar in this specification refers to liquid smoke as mentioned above, and the material is rice husks, etc. It differs in two points: it is a product obtained from smoke obtained not by carbonization, but by smoking at a maximum temperature of about 400°C. Since the material used is rice husks, the wood vinegar mentioned here has an extremely low tar content. When lignin is burnt, it changes to tar, and as mentioned above, this tar is harmful as a fertilizer adsorbent, but rice husks and the like contain very little lignin, so high-quality wood vinegar suitable for the purpose can be obtained.

[0011] When all of the rice husks, etc. have been smoked and carbonized, if the air intake is closed and left in this closed (extinguishing pot) state for several hours, the smoldering and carbonization of the rice husks, etc. will not proceed any further, and natural digestion will occur. This produces high quality carbonized products (smoked charcoal). It goes without saying that this uniform smoked charcoal is a high-quality soil conditioner (according to the terminology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Forestry, it is a ``soil cultivation material''). Also, by leaving it for several hours in this way, it has the effect of sufficiently drying the wood vinegar adsorbed on the granular fertilizer. However, it is not necessarily necessary to leave the process for several hours. That is, as soon as all the rice husks etc. have been completely charred, the canopy can be removed and the manure with wood vinegar attached can be taken out. Discharge the carbonized product, sprinkle a little water, and mix gently to extinguish the fire.
You can also obtain smoked charcoal and increase the utilization rate of the equipment.

0012

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the pyroligneous vinegar adsorption fertilizer production apparatus according to the present invention. The main body 1 of the device has a diameter of 5
It is a 200L drum with a diameter of 70mm and a height of 960mm. A horizontally protruding ring 2 is fixed at a position that substantially bisects the interior of the main body 1 into upper and lower halves, and an upper grid 3 is placed on the ring 2. Here, the grid refers to, for example, a plurality of rostles laid down, each of which has a particle size smaller than the particle size of the fertilizer that fills the intervals between the laid. Further, a horizontally protruding ring 4 is fixed at a position one step above the bottom of the main body 1, and a lower grid 5 is placed on the ring 4. Specifically, the grid here is, for example, 5m in diameter.
It is an iron plate with countless m-sized circular holes punched into it. In this way, the main body 1 is divided into three vertical sections by the upper grid 3 and the lower grid 5. An upper chamber 10, a lower chamber 20, and an air intake chamber 30 are arranged from top to bottom. A canopy 11 is provided on the upper edge of the upper chamber 10 so as to be openable and closable. A smoke outlet 12 of an appropriate size is bored above the side wall of the upper chamber 10, and a chimney 19 is vertically attached to the smoke outlet 12 via an elbow 13.

The canopy 11 is formed so as to slant toward the center, and is designed so that the pyroligneous acid solution A that has adhered to the surface of the canopy 11 and turned into droplets can be collected without falling into the main body 1. A curled part 14 may be formed at the edge of the canopy 11. Alternatively, instead of the winding portion 14, the side wall of the main body 1 may be configured to have a double structure (not shown), and the wood vinegar solution may be dripped into the double side wall. Alternatively, a part of the winding part 14 may be opened, the pyroligneous acid solution may flow out from there, and the pyroligneous acid solution A may be collected in a separately prepared container (not shown).

An ignition port 21 is provided in the upper part of the side wall of the lower chamber 20, and the ignition port 21 can be closed with a cap 22 so as to be openable and closable. Furthermore, an air intake port 31 is bored in the side wall of the air intake chamber 30, and the air intake port 31 can also be closed with a lid 32 so as to be openable and closable.

[0016] Hereinafter, the usage of the pyroligneous vinegar adsorbent fertilizer production apparatus according to the present invention will be explained, and the method for producing pyroligneous vinegar adsorbed fertilizer will also be clarified. First, remove the upper grid 3 and place the rice husk B in the lower chamber 30.
Fill 65 liters (7.5 kg) almost horizontally. 80 cc of kerosene is uniformly sprayed over the entire surface of the filled rice husk B using a horticultural sprayer. Next, the upper grid 3 is attached, and the upper chamber 10 is filled with, for example, 40 kg of organic fertilizer C formed into granules with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 15 mm. After filling each material BC in this way, the canopy 11 of the upper chamber 10
will be closed. Closing is performed by securing the canopy 11 to the main body 1 with a clip or the like. A circular smoke outlet 12 with a diameter of 120 mm is bored above the side wall of the upper chamber 10.
The elbow 13 is fitted into the elbow 13, and the length 9
A 10mm chimney 19 is attached. The preparation is now complete.

With the air intake port 31 of the air intake chamber 30 open, a pilot flame is introduced from the ignition port 21 of the lower chamber 20 to ignite the rice husk B. The pilot flame here is, for example, a lit match. Then, the kerosene sprayed on the surface of the rice husk B in advance is ignited and the surface of the rice husk B is burned for one round. Approximately 3 during this time
Minutes. When the entire upper surface of the rice husk B is ignited, the ignition port 21 is closed with a cap 22, and in this state, the entire rice husk B is smoked and smoke is generated. The upper surface of the rice husk B, which has been burned once, then extinguishes the flame and transitions to a smoldering, charring state. The smoldering part of rice husk B moves sequentially from the top to the bottom in search of oxygen. The smoke temperature is 350-390°C in the center. After 1 hour and 30 minutes have passed, all of the rice husk B has been smoked and carbonized. According to statistics, the outer surface temperature of main body 1 (non-double) at the time of complete smoking was 98° C. at the highest point. Oxygen used for smoking the rice husk B enters into the main body 1 from the lower air intake port 31, and is placed on the lower grid 5 via the holes in the lower grid 5 (the above-mentioned iron plate with punched holes). It passes between rice husks B and reaches the smoldering point. Furthermore, gases such as carbon dioxide after smoldering pass through the holes in the upper grid 3 (the above-mentioned rostre), pass between the grains of organic fertilizer C placed on the upper grid 3, and flow out via the chimney 19. Follow the route. The smoke emitted from the rice husk B shares the path with this combustion gas, so the smoke comes into contact with the surface of the granular organic fertilizer C on the upper grid 3, where the smoke adsorbs to the organic fertilizer C and turns into wood vinegar. .

After all of the rice husks B have been smoked and carbonized, the air intake port 31 is closed. When the rice husk B is left in the pot for about 5 hours, its volume decreases by about 30% and becomes a beautiful carbonized product (smoked charcoal), which is naturally digested. The pH of this charcoal is 6.
5. This is of high quality for agricultural and horticultural purposes, compared to the conventional method of simply burning rice husk B in a garden or field, where smoked charcoal has a pH of about 8 to 11. Therefore, it has the advantage of being less labor-intensive compared to the conventional method, which produces smoked charcoal of uneven quality, has a large amount of combustion ash, and requires post-processing such as washing with water to remove scum.

[0019] Organic fertilizer C before being treated with this device has a pH of 6.
．． It was 5. After 1.5 hours of treatment, the pH was 5.5. This is thought to be because organic fertilizer C adsorbed wood vinegar. That is, the smoke component is 40 to 50% acetic acid, and it is thought that the pH was lowered because the smoke was adsorbed by the treatment with this device.

The material to be filled in the lower chamber 20 is not limited to the rice husk B, but may also be rice straw or dried fallen leaves. In this case, the rice straw is preferably cut into pieces of about 30 mm. This is because the gaps that are not cut are too large and the smoldering and combustion are mixed, making it unstable. Alternatively, sawdust or planer dust may be mixed with rice husk B, rice straw, or dried fallen leaves. However, in order not to excessively increase the tar content in the wood vinegar, it is necessary to keep the proportion of sawdust or planer shavings at an appropriate level. On the other hand, by appropriately blending sawdust or planer dust with a high tar content, water-insoluble tar can be appropriately adsorbed on the outer surface of the fertilizer, thereby imparting sustained release properties to the fertilization effect.

[0021]

Effects of the Invention Since the pyroligneous vinegar adsorbing fertilizer manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention has the above-described structure, the pyroligneous vinegar can be adsorbed onto the surface of the granular fertilizer very easily and homogeneously. Moreover, since the present apparatus has the above-mentioned configuration, it can be realized at extremely low manufacturing costs (initial costs) and operating costs (running costs).

[0022] Furthermore, the method for producing wood vinegar adsorbed fertilizer according to the present invention includes:
A single operation of filling the various materials in each position and igniting the fire allows the production of high-quality wood vinegar-adsorbing fertilizer by leaving it alone.

Furthermore, the method for simultaneously producing wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer and smoldering charcoal according to the present invention can produce wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer and smoky charcoal in addition to the wood vinegar-adsorbed fertilizer by adding one simple step of closing the air intake port once during the process in addition to the above-mentioned operations. High-quality smoked charcoal can be obtained very easily.

[0024] Note that the canopy should be formed to be sloped so as to swell toward the center, and a rolled-up portion should be formed so that the edge of the canopy can be connected to the above-mentioned slope so that the wood vinegar solution A can be collected. For example, even if the smoke that fills the main body passes between the granular fertilizer particles and reaches the canopy, and the smoke that cannot be absorbed by the fertilizer is cooled here and becomes pyroligneous acid solution A, it will not be directly absorbed into the fertilizer inside the main body. Since it is not dripped and can be collected separately, the adsorption of wood vinegar on fertilizer can be achieved in an extremely uniform manner. Alternatively, instead of the rolling part, the side wall of the main body 1 may be made double, or a part of the rolling part may be bored, and the pyroligneous acid A may flow out from there, and the pyroligneous vinegar A may be poured into a separately prepared container. It is also possible to use wood vinegar solution A separately if it is collected.

[0025]

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the pyroligneous vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

3 Upper grid 5 Lower grid 10 Upper chamber 11 Canopy 19 Chimney 20 Lower room 21 Ignition port 30 Air intake chamber 31 Air intake A Wood vinegar liquid B Rice husk C. Organic fertilizer

Claims (4)

[Claims] Claim 1: A main body having three chambers divided vertically into two grids, that is, an upper chamber, a lower chamber, and an air intake chamber from top to bottom, and a canopy provided on the upper edge of the upper chamber so as to be openable and closable. and a chimney fixed via an elbow to a smoke outlet drilled above the side wall of the upper chamber, an openable and closable ignition port drilled at the upper side wall of the lower chamber, and a side wall of the air intake chamber. A wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer production device characterized by a perforated air intake that can be opened and closed. 2. The pyroligneous vinegar adsorbing fertilizer manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the canopy is formed so as to swell in the center, and has a pyroligneous solution collection portion or a pyroligneous solution discharge port at an edge thereof. [Claim 3] Fill the lower chamber with rice husks, rice straw, or dried fallen leaves, or fill them with sawdust or planer shavings, and fill the upper chamber with granular fertilizer, close the canopy of the upper chamber, and close the air intake chamber. The ignition ports in the inlet and lower chamber are opened, a pilot flame is input through the ignition port, and when the rice husks, etc. are sufficiently ignited, the ignition ports are closed, and in this state, the rice husks, etc. are smoked and carbonized from above to below. , a wood vinegar adsorption fertilizer manufacturing method characterized by closing the air intake port at the time of smoldering and carbonizing all the rice husks, etc. [Claim 4] The lower chamber is filled with rice husk, rice straw, or dried fallen leaves, or any of these and sawdust or planer shavings, the upper chamber is filled with granular fertilizer, the canopy of the upper chamber is closed, and the air intake in the air intake chamber is filled. Then, the ignition port in the lower chamber is opened, a pilot flame is introduced from the ignition port, and when the rice husks, etc. are sufficiently ignited, the ignition port is closed, and in this state, the rice husks, etc. are smoked and carbonized from above to below. A method for producing fertilizer with adsorption of wood vinegar, which is characterized by closing the air intake port at the time of smoldering and carbonizing all the rice husks, etc., and leaving it in that state for several hours.