JPH04323500A - Lining method for tunnel and lining frame - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To easily perform repairing work of the inner face of a tunnel in a short time and reduce construction cost. CONSTITUTION:A lining frame 4 composed of a steelwork frame 8 and distance keeping frames 9, 10 is arch-likely and continuously fitted on the inner face 3a of a tunnel 1, and hereafter axial tension is introduced. Next, a concrete slab 5 is installed inside these lining frames 4. The lining frame 4 introduced by axial tension becomes in self supporting condition, mutual joining force is strong, and repair of the tunnel can be easily performed without driving anchors into the natural ground.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to constructing a tunnel by installing a lining plate made of concrete or the like on the inner surface of an excavated hole, or by installing a lining plate on the inner surface of an aging existing tunnel. The present invention relates to a tunnel lining method, such as repairing tunnels, and a lining frame used for this method.

0002

[Prior Art] Various methods for repairing existing tunnels have been proposed in the past. For example, anchor bolts are driven into underground tunnels, and arc-shaped concrete slabs are attached to the anchor bolts along the inner surface of the tunnel. The common method for both methods is to drive anchors into the underground tunnel by supporting the concrete slab and connecting the concrete slabs to line the inner surface of the tunnel.

0003

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] With the above method, the work of driving a large number of anchor bolts into the underground tunnel is complicated, and additional work is required to confirm the strength of the ground into which the anchor bolts will be driven, so the construction time is reduced. This poses problems such as prolonging the construction period and increasing construction costs.

[0004] The tunnel lining method and lining frame of the present invention have been developed in view of the above circumstances, and allow lining work such as tunnel repair to be carried out easily and in a short period of time, as well as to reduce construction costs. The purpose is to

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention has been made to achieve the above object, and its lining method includes lining a plurality of linings along the circumferential direction of the tunnel on both sides of the inner surface of the tunnel, which has an arcuate cross section. The lining frames are assembled in an arch shape and connected in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an axial force is applied to the lining frames assembled in an arch shape to maintain the assembled state. Next, a slab such as a concrete slab is installed inside these lining frames, and the lining frame includes a muscular frame made of shaped steel that curves along the tunnel circumferential direction, It consists of a distance-keeping frame made of shaped steel that is fixed to the frame and extends on both sides along the length of the tunnel.
It is characterized in that the muscular frames are connected along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and the distance-keeping frames are connected in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0006]

[Function] According to the tunnel lining method of the present invention, the lining frame assembled on the tunnel inner surface maintains a strong joint by introducing axial force and becomes self-supporting in an arch shape. Since a slab such as a concrete slab is installed on this frame, there is no need to support the frame or slab with anchors driven into the ground.
This work of driving anchors can be omitted, shortening the construction period and reducing construction costs. In addition, it is possible to easily obtain a strong lining structure, and by connecting distance-keeping frames together, it is possible to shorten the construction period and reduce construction costs. Assembling accuracy is improved.

[0007]Furthermore, the lining frame constructed from the muscular frame and distance-keeping frame, which are shaped steel, has extremely high strength against shearing and bending, so a strong structure can be obtained, and the weight can be reduced while maintaining the strength. This reduction in weight will lead to the downsizing of heavy construction equipment such as transport equipment, and in this respect, construction costs can also be reduced.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference numeral 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicates an existing road tunnel having an arcuate cross section. This tunnel 1 is made by wrapping a lining material 3 such as concrete around the inner surface of an excavated hole excavated in the ground 2.
is an old one, and FIGS. 1 and 2 show the inner surface 3a of this aged lining material 3 with a large number of lining frames 4, concrete slabs 5, and concrete slabs 5 along this inner surface 3a. This shows a state in which lining and repair are being performed with mortar 7 injected into the void 6 formed on the inner surface 3a.

In this case, the lining frame 4 is the tunnel 1
A total of four concrete slabs 5, one on the left and right, one on the upper and lower sides, are connected in an arch shape and assembled on the inner surface 3a, and six concrete slabs 5, three on the left and right, are fixed to the lining frame 4. , and are installed on the inner surface 3a by being interconnected.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, the lining frame 4 includes a muscular frame 8 that curves along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1, and is fixed to the muscular frame 8 by means such as welding, and is fixed to the muscular frame 8 by means such as welding. The distance keeping frame 9 and 10 extend on both sides along the length direction.

The muscular frame 8 is an H-shaped steel consisting of a pair of flanges 8a and a web 8b.
The outer surface of the web 8b is curved along the circumferential direction of the tunnel 1, and the web 8b is curved along the cross section of the tunnel 1. At the joint ends of the two muscle-bone frames 8 assembled on the upper side, that is, at the joint ends of the two at the top portion 1a, joint plates 11 which are diagonally oriented when viewed from above and are joined to each other are provided, respectively. Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, joint plates 12 are provided at the joint ends of the upper and lower muscle-bone frames 8 to join each other along the length direction of the tunnel 1.

As shown in FIG. 7, a flange plate 13 is welded to the lower end of each muscular frame 8 to be assembled on the lower side, and a plurality of nuts 14 welded to this flange plate 13 are assembled in an arch shape. A bolt 15 is screwed in from below to apply an axial force to the attached muscular frame 8. Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, nuts 16 are welded to the inner surfaces of appropriate locations (in this case, the center and both ends) of the outer flanges 8a of each muscular frame 8, and to both sides of the webs 8b. A bolt 17 for applying an axial force to the muscular frame 8 is screwed into this nut 16 from the outside of the flange 8a.

Each of the distance keeping frames 9 and 10 has the same length and is welded in pairs to both sides of the muscular frame 8. Of these, the distance keeping frame 9 is attached to the upper end of the muscular frame 8. In addition, the distance-keeping frame 10 has a distance-keeping frame 8 on its lower side and a plurality of distance-keeping frames (
In this case, 3 pairs) are provided.

The distance-keeping frame 9 is made of channel steel consisting of a pair of flanges 9a and webs 9b, and the flanges 9a are welded to the ends of each flange 8a at the upper end of the muscular frame 8, with the groove side facing downward. ing. A rectangular joint plate 18 for connecting adjacent distance keeping frames 9 is welded to the tip of the distance keeping frame 9. Further, the flange 9a of the distance keeping frame 9 has a plurality of (three in this case)
Holes 19 for mortar flow are formed at equal intervals.

The distance-keeping frame 10 is made of equilateral angle steel in which both plate portions 10a have the same width, and one end face of the frame is welded to the web 8b of the muscular frame 8, with the peak side facing outward. A rectangular joint plate 20 for connecting adjacent distance keeping frames 10 is welded to the tip of the distance keeping frame 10 that is not welded to the muscular frame 8.

On the other hand, the concrete slab 5 is made of reinforced concrete and has a circular arc shape along the lining frame 4, and as shown in FIG. 1, its circumferential length is from the top 1a of the tunnel 1. Approximately 1 of the circumferential length across the base 1b
/3, and its width is the same as the width of the lining frame 4, that is, the combined length of the pair of distance-keeping frames 9 (10),
Three are installed on each side of tunnel 1. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, joint strips 21 extending along the circumferential direction and having a welding head 21a integrally formed at the tip are embedded in two places on the left and right of the joint end in the circumferential direction. The welding head 2 is provided on the inner surface (concave side surface) of the concrete slab 5.
A recess 5a is formed to expose 1a and enable the connection operation. Further, a positioning pin 22 is formed on one side of the joining end surfaces of the width direction ends, and a pin hole 23 into which the pin 22 fits is formed on the other side.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 11, at both ends in the circumferential direction of the outer surface (convex side surface) of the concrete slab 5, from the joint end surface along one circumferential direction, the concrete slab A fixing piece 24 for fixing 5 to the lining frame 4 is provided. This fixing piece 24 has an elongated L-shaped cross section, has a long side 24a facing the other joint end surface along the circumferential direction, and sandwiches the flange 8a of the muscular frame 4 between it and the outer surface of the concrete slab 5. The short side 24b is buried in the concrete slab 5 with a gap that can be left open. A bolt insertion hole 25 is provided in the center of the long side 24a.
A screw hole 27 into which a bolt 26 passed through the bolt insertion hole 25 is screwed is formed in the concrete slab 5.

Further, a bolt 2 extending downward is provided at the center of the lower surface of each concrete slab 5 to be assembled on the lowest side.
8 is provided, and a U-shaped holding base 30 to which a nut 29 is welded is engaged with the bolt 28 via the nut 29.

Next, a method for lining the inner surface 3a of the lining material 3 using the lining frame 4 and the concrete slab 5 will be explained step by step.

As shown in FIG. 12, the lining frame 4 and the concrete slab 5 are transported into the tunnel 1 by a forklift F and placed on the platform 31a of a vehicle 31 such as a truck that has been driven into the tunnel 1. It is transferred to the inner surface 3a of the lining material 3 and assembled using the provided erector device 32 and scaffolding device 33.

The erector device 32 is installed on the loading platform 3 of the traveling vehicle 31.
A support post 35 is attached to a base 34 that is slidably installed on the base 1a along its length direction (in the length direction of the tunnel).
is erected, a jib 36 is attached to the support post 35 so as to be able to move up and down and pivot about the support post 35, and an attachment 37 for attaching the lining frame 4 and the concrete slab 5 to the tip of the jib 36 is attached to the jib 36. The jib 36 is mounted to maintain a constant posture regardless of the movement of the jib 36, and the jib 36 is raised and raised by a hydraulic cylinder 38 provided between the jib 36 and the support post 35, and the rotation is performed manually.

[0022] The scaffolding device 33 is a loading platform 31a of the traveling vehicle 31.
A scaffolding platform 40 is disposed at the rear end of the top and can be moved up and down via a cross link 39.The lining frame 4 and concrete slab 5 are placed on the scaffolding platform 40 and are moved upward. The equipment will be transported to a location where workers will be placed on top of it and perform work such as tightening bolts at high places.

[0023] The forklift truck F is well-known and includes
First, with the scaffolding platform 40 of the scaffolding device 33 lowered, a plurality of lining frames 4 are placed on the scaffolding platform 40 from the forklift F.
The lining frame 4 is mounted on the lining frame 4 and is first installed on the attachment 37 by appropriately operating the jib 36 of the erector device 32.
This lining frame 4 is attached to the inner surface 3 of the lining material 3.
The bolt 15 screwed into the lower end of the bolt 15 is applied to the base 1b while controlling the posture along the direction a, and the bolt 15 is assembled along the inner surface 3a of the lining material 3 on one side of the tunnel 1.

Next, the lining frame 4 is placed on the assembled lining frame 4, and the joint plates 12 of both muscular frames 8 are connected with bolts to connect the upper and lower lining frames 4. do. Once the pair of upper and lower lining frames 4 are assembled in a semi-arch shape along the inner surface 3a on one side of the lining material 3, they are temporarily held down with supports, etc., and then attached to the inner surface 3a on the opposite side. Similarly, the lining frames 4 are assembled, and the upper lining frames 4 at the top 1a of the tunnel 1 are connected by bolting the joint plates 11 on both sides. Thereby, four lining frames 4 are assembled to the inner surface 3a of the lining material 3 in an arch shape.

Next, next to each lining frame 4 assembled in an arch shape (in the direction of progress of the repair), four lining frames 4 are assembled and connected in an arch shape in the same way as above, and both The joint plates 18 of each distance keeping frame 9 and the joint plates 20 of each distance keeping frame 10 are bolted together to connect adjacent lining frames 4.

As the lining frame 4 is assembled, each bolt 17 screwed into the outside of the muscular frame 8 of each lining frame 4 and the lower lining frame 4 are removed. Each bolt 15 screwed into the flange 8a at the lower end of the muscular frame 8 is further screwed in to introduce an axial force into the lining frame 4 (strictly speaking, the muscular frame 8) assembled in an arch shape. This axial force acts outward in the circumferential direction on each individual lining frame 4, and when the lining frame 4 is connected in an arch shape to the inner surface 3a of the lining material 3, both ends thereof are It acts as a force that presses the base 1b of the tunnel 1, and by introducing this axial force, the bonding force between the lining frames 4 arranged along the circumferential direction becomes strong, and the lining frames 4 The assembly to the inner surface 3a becomes extremely strong and stable.

In the repair section, the inner surface 3 of the above-mentioned lining material 3
After the assembly of the lining frame 4 to a is completed, concrete slabs 5 are sequentially installed on the lining frame 4. When installing the concrete slab 5, the concrete slab 5 placed on the scaffolding platform 40 of the scaffolding device 33 by the forklift F is controlled by the erector device 32 so that it follows the lining frame 4, and the concrete slab 5 is placed on the lining frame 4. First, the concrete slab 5 to be installed at the bottom is placed on the base 1b with the holding base 30 provided on the lower surface, and the long side 24a of the fixing piece 24 and the inner surface of the concrete slab 5 are moved inwards. The inner flange 8a of the muscular frame 8 of the lining frame 4 is sandwiched in the gap between them. And long side 24
The fixing piece 24 is fixed to the muscular frame 8 of the lining frame 4 by screwing the bolt 26 passed through the bolt insertion hole 25 of a into the screw hole 27 of the concrete slab 5.

Next, the concrete slab 5 is joined thereon, and the fixing piece 24 is similarly fixed to the muscular frame 8, and the welding heads 21a of the joint reinforcements 21 at both butted joint ends are welded together. Connect by. Further, a concrete slab 5 is joined onto this concrete slab 5 and similarly fixed to the lining frame 4, and the joint end is connected to the joint reinforcement 2.
Welded together according to 1. As a result of the above, the inner surface 3 of the lining material 3
A concrete slab 5 is installed in a semi-arch shape on one side of a, and then a lining frame 4 is similarly connected and installed in a semi-arch shape on the opposite side, and each upper concrete slab 5 at the top of the tunnel 1 is installed. are connected by welding the joint bars 21 to each other. Thereby, a total of six concrete slabs 5, three on each side, are installed in an arch shape on the inner surface 3a of the lining material 3.

As described above, once the concrete slabs 5 are installed in an arch shape, concrete slabs 5 are successively installed next to them in the same arch shape. Concrete slabs 5 that are adjacent to each other in the length direction of the tunnel 1 are joined by fitting a pin 22 provided on the joint end surface of one concrete slab 5 into a pin hole 23 provided on the joint end surface of the other concrete slab 5. do. When the concrete slab 5 is installed on the lining frame 4 in this way, as shown in FIG. It is slightly deviated in the length direction.

As the concrete slab 5 is installed, the holding base 30 attached to the bolt 28 on the bottom surface of the concrete slab 5 installed at the lowest position and pressed against the base 1b is rotated in the direction in which the bolt 28 comes out. let As a result, each of the concrete slabs 5 installed in an arch shape is pressed in one direction at the top, and their joints are pressed against each other, thereby introducing an axial force.

Now, as mentioned above, the lining material 3 of the tunnel 1
After lining the repaired section of the inner surface 3a with the lining frame 4 and concrete slab 5, mortar 7 is injected into the gap 6 between the concrete slab 5 and the inner surface 3a and solidified. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, foot protection concrete C is placed at the end of each lining frame 4 arranged at the lowest position near the base 1b.

The repair of the tunnel 1 is completed through the above steps. According to this repair method, first, the lining frame 4 is maintained in a strong joint by introducing axial force, thereby reducing the weight in the circumferential direction. The concrete slab 5 is not simply supported by the lining frame 4, but is assembled to the inner surface 3a of the lining material 3 in a self-supporting arch-like state. Similarly, axial force is introduced and the load on the lining frame 4 is reduced, so there is no need to drive an anchor into the ground 2 and have this anchor support the lining frame 4. Not only can the work be omitted, shortening the construction period and reducing construction costs, but also a strong lining structure can be easily obtained.

Furthermore, the lining frame 4 is constructed by assembling a muscular frame 4 made of H-shaped steel, a distance keeping frame 9 made of channel steel, and a distance keeping frame 10 made of equilateral angle steel.
Assembling accuracy in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1 is maintained, a strong structure is obtained, and the weight can be reduced while maintaining strength. If the weight is reduced in this way, heavy construction equipment such as the erector device 32 can be made smaller, and construction costs can also be reduced in this respect.

Furthermore, the work of assembling the lining frame 4 and installing the concrete slab 5 can be stopped at good intervals even in the middle of the repair section, and even in that state, the lining frame 4 and the concrete The plate 5 is safe because a reliable fixed state is ensured by introducing an axial force. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 1, by parking the traveling vehicle 33 on one side of the two-lane road and proceeding with the construction work, it is possible for vehicles M etc. to pass on one side, and the construction work can be completed without completely blocking traffic. I can do it.

[0035]

As explained above, according to the tunnel lining method of the present invention, a plurality of lining frames are arranged in an arch shape along the circumferential direction of the tunnel on both sides of the inner surface of the tunnel, which has an arcuate cross section. As they are assembled, they are connected in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an axial force is applied to the lining frames assembled in an arch shape to maintain the assembled state. It is characterized by installing a slab such as a concrete slab on the inside, and the lining frame assembled on the inner surface of the tunnel maintains a strong joint by applying axial force and has an arch-shaped structure. Since the concrete slab or other slab is installed on this frame, there is no need to support the frame or slab with anchors driven into the ground, and as a result, the work of driving anchors can be omitted. In addition to shortening the construction period and reducing construction costs, it is also possible to easily obtain a strong lining structure. Further, according to the lining frame of the present invention, there is a muscular frame made of shaped steel that curves along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and a distance-keeping frame made of shaped steel that is fixed to the muscular frame and extends on both sides along the length direction of the tunnel. The structure is characterized in that the muscular frame is connected along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and the distance keeping frame is connected in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, so that assembly accuracy is improved, and It has extremely high strength, so a strong structure can be obtained, and it is also possible to reduce the weight while maintaining the strength.If the weight is reduced in this way, heavy construction equipment such as transport equipment can be made smaller and construction costs can be reduced. This can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a tunnel being lined by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a tunnel being lined by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the lining frame.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the lining frame.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the lining frame.

FIG. 6 is a top view showing the concrete slab fixed to the lining frame.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing the concrete slab fixed to the lining frame.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing the lining structure at the top of the tunnel.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing a connecting portion between muscular and bone frames.

10 is a view taken along the YY line in FIG. 9; FIG.

11 is a view taken along the ZZ line in FIG. 7; FIG.

FIG. 12 is a side view showing each device for lining in a tunnel.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Tunnel 3 Lining material 3a　Inner surface 4 Frame for lining 5　Concrete plate (plate) 8 Muscular frame 9, 10 Distance keeping frame

Claims (2)

[Claims] Claim 1: A plurality of lining frames are assembled in an arch shape along the circumferential direction of the tunnel on both sides of the inner surface of the tunnel, which has an arcuate cross section, and are connected in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and are assembled in an arch shape. A tunnel characterized in that an axial force is applied to the attached lining frames to maintain the assembled state, and then a slab such as a concrete slab is installed inside these lining frames. lining method. 2. The lining frame according to claim 1 includes a muscular frame made of shaped steel that curves along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and a guard made of shaped steel fixed to the muscular frame and extending on both sides along the tunnel length direction. 1. A frame for lining a tunnel, characterized in that the musculoskeletal frame is connected along the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and the distance maintaining frame is connected in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.