JPH04309636A - Building panel, wooden building made up of this panel, and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance heat insulating performance and airtightness of a wooden building by constituting a rafter frame through connection of the rafter to a brace, installing a heat insulator in the frame, installing a batten upon the frame, and forming a ventilation passage between the heat insulator and the batten. CONSTITUTION:Each framework of a wooden building is constructed in advance. Next, in order to constitute a roof panel A, a heat insulator is installed in rafter frame, a batten is installed on the frame, and a ventilation passage is formed between the heat insulator and the batten. Next, in constituting a wall panel B, a stud-quarter- frame, in which a stub-quarter between a post and a beam of a wall framework can be inserted, is prepared, heat insulator is installed on the side surface of the post/beam, and a ventilation groove is vertically installed outside the post/beam. In constituting a floor panel C, a common joint frame is constructed between a footing and sleeper, installing the heat insulator between these common joists, and installing a reinforcing board on the insulator. With this contrivance, a heat insulating effect for a room can be enhanced, corrosion of construction members due to dew condensation or stuffiness can be prevented, the field work can be simplified, and the term of works can largely be shortened.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to wooden buildings, methods of constructing wooden buildings, and architectural panels used as roof panels, wall panels, and floor panels of wooden buildings.

0002

[Prior Art] Generally, the roof, walls, and floor of a wooden house are constructed by attaching a base material to each frame of a shed frame, wall frame, and floor frame, and then attaching various finishing materials on top of the base material. It is made up of. Also, often in the attic,
Insulating material is filled inside the walls and under the floor to enhance insulation and heating and cooling effects.

0003

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, it is necessary to go through a number of tasks before it is completed, and each task is performed one by one on site, which requires a lot of time and effort. However, there was an issue that the construction period would inevitably be prolonged.

[0004] Another problem is that if there is insufficient ventilation in the attic or inside the walls, the structural materials will corrode due to dew condensation and dampness. Another problem was that over time, drying shrinkage of the wood caused gaps to form at the joints between the various parts, resulting in a significant decline in the insulation, airtightness, and soundproofing properties that were initially perfect. Furthermore, in most cases, the wall frame has braces attached to it, which are important structural members.
This discrepancy sometimes interfered with floor plans and equipment construction.

[0005] The present invention was proposed to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and makes it possible to simplify and omit on-site construction and shorten the construction period, and also improves durability, functionality, and heat insulation. The purpose of the present invention is to provide wooden buildings that can maintain and improve airtightness, construction methods for the wooden buildings, and architectural panels used as roof panels, wall panels, and floor panels for the wooden buildings. That is.

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, a wooden building according to the present invention and a construction panel used in the wooden building are constructed as follows.

[0007] Architectural panels used as roof panels constitute a rectangular frame-like rafter frame that can be erected on a shed frame by connecting multiple rafters with multiple connecting materials, and the rafters are It is constructed by attaching a heat insulating material on a frame, attaching a sheath board on top of the heat insulating material, and providing a plurality of ventilation passages between the heat insulating material and the sheath board. Insulation may also be installed between the rafters of the rafter frame.

[0008] Furthermore, a construction panel used as a roof panel constitutes a rectangular frame-shaped rafter frame that can be erected on a shed frame by connecting a plurality of rafters with a plurality of connecting materials, By installing a heat insulating material between the rafters of the rafter frame, attaching a field board over the rafter frame and the heat insulating material, and providing a plurality of ventilation passages between the rafter frame and the heat insulating material and the field board. It is configured.

[0009] Architectural panels used as wall panels constitute a stud frame in the form of a rectangular frame that can be fitted between the columns and beams of a wall frame by connecting a plurality of studs with a plurality of connecting materials, A reinforcing plate and a heat insulating material large enough to cover the side surfaces of the pillars and beams are attached to the outdoor side of the stud frame, with the heat insulating material facing the outdoor side, and a plurality of ventilation rims are installed on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material. Alternatively, it is constructed by providing ventilation grooves continuously in the vertical direction.

[0010] Furthermore, architectural panels used as wall panels form a stud frame in the form of a rectangular frame that can be fitted between the columns and beams of a wall frame by connecting a plurality of studs with a plurality of connecting materials. A reinforcing plate and a heat insulating material large enough to cover the side surfaces of the columns and beams are attached to the outdoor side of the stud frame, with the reinforcing plate facing the outdoor side, and a plurality of ventilation rims or It is constructed by providing ventilation grooves continuously in the vertical direction.

[0011] Furthermore, in construction panels used as wall panels, a heat insulating material may be attached between the studs of the stud frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the wall panel used as a wall panel has a stud frame in the form of a rectangular frame that can be fitted between the columns and beams of a wall frame by connecting a plurality of studs with a plurality of connecting members. , A reinforcing plate large enough to cover the side surfaces of the pillars and beams is attached to the outdoor side of the stud frame, and a heat insulating material is attached between the studs, and a plurality of ventilation rims or vents are attached to the outdoor side of the reinforcing plate. It is constructed by providing grooves continuously in the vertical direction.

[0013] Architectural panels used as floor panels have a rectangular frame shape that can be fitted between the foundations of a floor frame, between the foundations, or between the foundation and the expansion space by attaching a plurality of joists in the frame. It is constructed by constructing a joist frame, attaching a heat insulating material on top of the joist frame or between the joists of the joist frame, and attaching a reinforcing plate on top of the heat insulating material.

The wooden structure according to the present invention comprises a shed frame, a wall frame and a floor frame of a wooden building, a construction panel used as a roof panel is attached to the shed frame, and a wall frame is attached to the shed frame. It is constructed by attaching architectural panels used as wall panels to the frame and building panels used as floor panels to the floor frame.The construction method is similar to that of wooden building shed frames and wall frames. and a floor frame, and then a building panel to be used as a roof panel to the shed frame, a building panel to be used as a wall panel to the wall frame, and a building panel to be used as a wall panel to the floor frame. Install each architectural panel to be used as a floor panel.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below based on an illustrated embodiment.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a construction panel (hereinafter simply referred to as a roof panel) used as a roof panel according to the present invention. , 2 is the insulation material, 3 is the ventilation rim,
4 is a roof board, and 5 is a wide board.

[0017] The rafter frame 1 consists of a plurality of rafters 1a, 1a arranged at a constant pitch, and connecting materials 1 at both upper and lower ends thereof.
b, 1b are integrally connected to form a rectangular frame. Rafters 1a, 1a in such a case
The diameter, pitch, and number of the roofing members are appropriately determined depending on the weight of the roofing material, which will be described later. In addition, rafter frame 1
If the is large, the connecting material 1b is used not only at both ends but also at the middle part.
The strength is increased by appropriately connecting them.

The heat insulating material 2 is made of extruded polyethylene foam,
Fibrous materials such as extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam board, molded polystyrene foam board without a mold, plate-like materials such as glass wool and rock wool, and blown-in insulation materials such as polyurethane foam and Uriya foam are used. There is.

Furthermore, a film (not shown) such as a polyethylene film is pasted on one or both sides of the heat insulating material 2, especially when improving airtightness and waterproofness.

In principle, the ventilation flange 3 is attached to the rafter frame 1 along the slope direction of the roof at a position corresponding to the rafter 1a, and is integrally nailed to each rafter 1a, but is not necessarily attached to the rafter frame 1. 1a, and by attaching it to the heat insulating material 2 with an adhesive or the like, the installation interval of the ventilation rim 3 can be determined regardless of the installation interval of the rafters 1a.

Structural plywood is used for the shedding board 4, and is nailed to the ventilation rims 3, 3. Therefore, a plurality of ventilation passages 6 are formed continuously in the direction of the slope of the roof between the heat insulating material 2 and the sheathing board 4. Note that the effective height of the ventilation passage 6 is preferably 18 m/m 2 or more in terms of efficiency.

The configuration of the ventilation passage 6 does not necessarily have to be as described above, and instead of providing the ventilation rim 3, a plurality of tubes may be installed on the opposite sides of one or both of the heat insulating material 2 or the roofing board 4. It is also possible to form the ventilation grooves 6a continuously in the direction of the slope of the roof (see FIG. 16).

The roof panels A thus constructed are constructed as large as possible within the handleable range so that a wide roof can be constructed with a small number of panels.

[0024] Furthermore, in order to prevent deformation and twisting of the panels and maintain airtightness at the panel joints, the panels are joined together on the purlin or beam 7, and the connecting members 1b, 1b of the rafter frame 1 are connected together. and rafters 1a at the left and right ends,
1a They are integrally joined in the slope direction and width direction of the roof by nailing them together.

Each roof panel A is fixed to the main building or beam 7 of the roof frame by nailing the rafter supports 9, 9 attached to the lower side of the rafter frame 1 to the main building or beam 7.

[0026] A waterproof material 10 such as felt is laid on the roofing board 4, and a roofing material 11 such as tiles is attached on top of this waterproof material 10 (see Figs. 7 and 8).

Note that in order to enhance the heat insulation effect and the cooling/heating effect, a heat insulating material 8 may be filled between the rafters 1a, 1a of the rafter frame 1, if necessary.

Furthermore, by filling the space between the rafters 1a and 1a of the rafter frame 1 with a heat insulating material 8 and making this heat insulating material 8 also serve as the heat insulating material 2, the heat insulating material 2 can be omitted, and as a result, the roof The thickness of panel A can be significantly reduced. In such a case, a ventilation passage is formed between the rafter frame and insulation material and the shedding board (not shown).

3 and 4 show architectural panels (hereinafter simply referred to as wall panels) used as wall panels. In the figures, reference numeral B indicates the wall panel, number 12 indicates the stud frame, and 13 indicates the wall panel. Reinforcement plate, 14 is a heat insulating material, 15 is a ventilation rim, 16
is a reinforcement beam, and number 17 is a reinforcement through.

The stud frame 12 has a plurality of studs 12a, 12a.
are integrally connected by a plurality of connecting members 12b, 12b at both upper and lower ends and in the middle, thereby forming a rectangular frame shape.

[0031] Structural plywood is used for the reinforcing plate 13, and is integrally nailed to the outdoor side of the stud frame 12. The reinforcing plate 13 functions similarly to a brace. Further, the heat insulating material 14 is exactly the same as the heat insulating material 2 of the roof panel A, and is attached to the outdoor side of the reinforcing plate 13.

The ventilation rim 15 is attached to each stud 12a of the stud frame 12.
, 12a, and are nailed to each stud 12a. Therefore, by attaching the outer wall finishing material 18 to the front surface of the ventilation rim 15, a plurality of ventilation passages 6 are formed continuously in the vertical direction between the heat insulating board 14 and the outer wall finishing material 18.

As in the case of the roof panel, the configuration of the ventilation passage 6 does not necessarily have to be as described above, and instead of providing the ventilation rim 15, one of the heat insulating material 14, the outer wall finishing material 18, or It is also possible to form a plurality of ventilation grooves 6a continuously in the vertical direction on both side surfaces (see FIG. 16). Further, the effective height of the ventilation passage 6 is preferably 18 m/m or more in terms of efficiency, as in the case of the roof panel.

The reinforcing beams 16 are installed mainly to increase the rigidity of the wall panel B and prevent twisting and deformation, and are added as appropriate depending on the size of the panel and the installation location. In addition, the reinforcing hole 17 is attached to the lowest part of the wall frame and is attached to the wall panel, and is mainly attached to protect the edge of the insulation material 14 and to improve the connection with the foundation. (Figure 9
reference).

[0035] Similarly to the roof panel A, a heat insulating material 8 is also provided between the studs 12a, 12a of the stud frame 12, if necessary.
(See Figure 4).

[0036] Also, the rafters 12a, 12a of the stud frame 12
By filling the space with a heat insulating material 8 and making the heat insulating material 8 also serve as the heat insulating material 14, the heat insulating material 14 can be omitted, and as a result, the thickness of the wall panel B can be significantly reduced. . In such a case, the ventilation passage is constructed between the exterior wall finishing material and the reinforcing plate (not shown).

[0037] Furthermore, the positions of the reinforcing plate 13 and the heat insulating material 14 may be reversed, that is, the reinforcing plate may be attached to the outdoor side of the heat insulating material 14. In such a case, a ventilation passage is formed between the reinforcing plate and the exterior wall finishing material (figure omitted)
.

The wall panel B thus constructed is constructed as large as possible within the handleable range so that a wide wall surface can be constructed with a small number of panels, similar to the roof panel A.

[0039] Also, the stud frame 12 is attached to the frame base 19 and the pillar 2.
0 and the inside of the beam 21, and the upper and lower connecting members 12b, 12b and the left and right end studs 12a, 12a.
are fixed by nailing them to the inside of the foundation 19, pillars 20 and beams 21. Furthermore, by attaching and nailing both upper and lower ends of the reinforcing plate 13 to the side surfaces of the base 19 and the beam 21, the airtightness of the panel ends is maintained at a high level (see FIGS. 9 and 10).

5 and 6 show architectural panels (hereinafter simply referred to as floor panels) used as floor panels. In the figures, C is a floor panel, 22 is a joist frame, and 23 is a floor panel.
is a heat insulating material, and numeral 24 is a floorboard.

The joist frame 22 is constructed by attaching a plurality of joists 22b, 22b at predetermined intervals in a rectangular frame 22a. Joist 22b in such a case
The diameter, pitch, and number of the pipes are appropriately determined in consideration of the floor load, etc.

The heat insulating material 23 is exactly the same as that of the roof panel A and the wall panel B. Moreover, structural plywood is used for the floorboard 24, and is integrally nailed to the joist frame 22. The floorboard 24 has the same function as a flint base.

[0043] The floor panel C constructed in this way is fitted inside the base or the large drawer 19, and is placed on the joist supports 24, 24 which have been nailed in advance to the inside of the base or the large drawer 19. If necessary, the joist frame 22 is fixed by nailing it to the foundation or the large drawer 19 (see FIG. 11).

[0044] In the structure of roofs, walls, and floors, if it is desired to further improve the airtightness of the panel joints, a joint member 25 made of crosspieces or synthetic rubber may be interposed at the joints between the panels. etc. to completely close the gap at the joint (Figures 12, 13, 14, 15
reference) .

[0045] Similarly to the roof panel A and the wall panel B, in the case of a floor panel, the joists 22b and 2 of the joist frame 22 are
2b may be filled with a heat insulating material 8.

Next, the construction method will be explained. First, the frames of the shed, walls, and floor are constructed using conventional construction methods. Next, roof panel A and wall panel B are attached to each frame.
and attach floor panel C (see Figure 14). In addition,
The order in which the roof panel A, wall panel B, and floor panel C are attached is not particularly limited.

[0047]

[Effects of the Invention] Since the present invention has the above structure, it has the following effects.

■ The roof, wall, and floor frameworks are constructed using conventional construction methods, and then structural materials, etc., are pre-coated in a factory or the like for the roof panel, wall panel, and floor panel.
Roofs, walls, and floors are constructed by attaching each architectural panel that integrates necessary materials such as insulation, base material, and finishing materials, which simplifies and omits on-site construction and significantly shortens the construction period. is possible.

[0049] Since each panel such as a roof panel can be manufactured in advance on the ground in a factory or the like, the product accuracy is high, and furthermore, it is possible to reduce production costs by mass production and mass production. Furthermore, it is not necessarily necessary to manufacture the product in a factory, and it is also possible to bring the necessary materials to the site and manufacture it on site, although the accuracy of the product will be reduced to some extent.

[0050] ■ Since the wall panels do not have any struts, they can be used effectively by providing simple storage areas inside the walls, and piping and cables can be installed without any problems. can.

[0051] Since a heat insulating material is attached to each panel, the indoor heat insulating effect and cooling/heating effect can be maximized.

[0052] In addition, when joining each panel, for example, in the case of roof panels, they are joined together on beams or purlins, and they are also joined to beams or purlins to prevent drying shrinkage of the roof panels. Since deformation of the panel accompanying this can also be prevented, the airtightness of the panel joint can be maintained.

[0053] Furthermore, since ventilation passages are provided in the roof panel and wall panels, ventilation is always possible, and therefore it is possible to prevent the formation of dew condensation and corrosion of structural members within the panel due to dew condensation and dampness. can.

[0054] In addition, when manufacturing each panel, the insulation and heating and cooling effects can be significantly enhanced by filling the space between the rafters of the rafter frame with a heat insulating material, for example. Furthermore, the thickness of the panel can be reduced by filling the insulation material only between the rafters of the rafter frame, for example.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roof panel.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the roof panel.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a wall root panel.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the wall panel.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the floor panel.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the floor panel.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the structure of the roof of the wooden building.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the structure of the roof of the wooden building.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the structure of a wall portion of a wooden building.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a wall portion of a wooden building.

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of the floor portion of a wooden building.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing the structure of a panel joint.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing the structure of a panel joint.

FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing the structure of a panel joint.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing the structure of a panel joint.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of a roof panel and a wall panel.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the wooden building according to the invention.

[Explanation of sign]

A... Roof panel, B... Wall panel, C... Floor panel, 1... Rafter frame, 1a... Rafter, 1b... Connecting material, 2... Insulation material, 3... Ventilation rim, 4... Sheeting board, 5... Wide frame, 6... Ventilation passage, 7
... Purlin or beam, 8 ... Insulation material, 9 ... Rafter support,
10... Waterproof material, 11... Roofing material, 12... Stud frame, 12
a... Stud, 12b... Connecting member, 13... Reinforcement plate, 14
...insulation material, 15...ventilation rim, 16...reinforcement beam, 17...reinforcement through, 18...external wall finishing material, 19...foundation, 20...column, 21
...Beam, 22...Joist frame, 22a...Rectangular frame, 22b...
Joist, 23...insulation material, 24...floorboard, 25...joint member, 2
6...Joist support.

Claims (10)

[Claims] Claim 1: A rectangular rafter frame that can be erected on a shed frame is constructed by connecting a plurality of rafters with a plurality of connecting materials, and a heat insulating material is attached on top of the rafter frame, A construction panel characterized in that a shedding board is attached on top of the heat insulating material, and a plurality of ventilation passages are provided between the heat insulating material and the shedding board. 2. The construction panel according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating material is attached between the rafters of the rafter frame. Claim 3: A rectangular rafter frame that can be erected on a shed framework is constructed by connecting a plurality of rafters with a plurality of connecting materials, and a heat insulating material is attached between the rafters of the rafter frame. , install field boards on the rafter frame and insulation material, and
A construction panel characterized in that a plurality of ventilation passages are provided between the rafter frame, the insulation material, and the shedding board. 4. A rectangular stud frame that can be fitted between the columns and beams of a wall frame is constructed by connecting a plurality of studs with a plurality of connecting members, and the stud frame is attached to the outdoor side of the stud frame. A reinforcing plate and a heat insulating material large enough to cover the side surface of the beam are installed with the heat insulating material on the outdoor side, and a plurality of ventilation edges or ventilation grooves are connected vertically on the outdoor side of the heat insulating material. An architectural panel characterized by being provided with. 5. A rectangular stud frame that can be fitted between the columns and beams of a wall frame is constructed by connecting a plurality of studs with a plurality of connecting members, and the stud frame is attached to the outdoor side of the stud frame. and a reinforcing plate and a heat insulating material large enough to cover the side surface of the beam are attached with the reinforcing plate facing the outdoor side, and a plurality of ventilation rims or ventilation grooves are provided continuously in the vertical direction on the reinforcing plate. An architectural panel characterized by: 6. The construction panel according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a heat insulating material is attached between the studs of the stud frame. 7. A rectangular stud frame that can be fitted between the columns and beams of a wall frame is constructed by connecting a plurality of studs with a plurality of connecting members, and the stud frame is attached to the outdoor side of the stud frame. A reinforcing plate large enough to cover the side surface of the beam is installed between the studs, and a plurality of ventilation rims or ventilation grooves are provided continuously in the vertical direction on the outdoor side of the reinforcing plate. An architectural panel characterized by: [Claim 8] A joist frame in the form of a rectangular frame that can be fitted between the bases of a floor framework, between the bases, or between the bases and the bases is constructed by attaching a plurality of joists in the frame; A construction panel characterized in that a heat insulating material is attached on top of a frame or between the joists of a joist frame, and a reinforcing plate is attached on top of the heat insulating material. 9. Constructing a shed frame, a wall frame, and a floor frame of a wooden building, and attaching the construction panel according to claim 1, 2, or 3 to the shed frame; A building panel as set forth in claim 4, 5, 6, or 7 is attached to a wall frame, and a building panel as set forth in claim 8 is attached to a floor frame. A wooden building characterized by 10. The building panel according to claim 1, 2, or 3, which constitutes a shed frame, wall frame, and floor frame of a wooden building, and then applies the building panel according to claim 1, 2, or 3 to the shed frame. and attaching the construction panel according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7 to the wall framework, and the construction panel according to claim 8 to the floor framework, respectively. A construction method for wooden buildings characterized by: