JPH0430802B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms characterized by utilizing the action of microorganisms and substances synthesized by microorganisms to promote the growth, increase yield, and improve the quality of mushrooms. Shiitake cultivation usually begins harvesting from the third year after the sesame seeds are crushed, but shortening this period is also extremely important for shiitake cultivation. On the other hand, in the cultivation of mushrooms such as shimeji mushrooms and wood ear mushrooms that use cultivation beds, prevention of invasion of various bacteria and stable increase in yield are important cultivation issues. In view of these problems, the present invention was carried out with the aim of stably cultivating mushrooms using microorganisms. An indicator of mushroom development is the point at which lignin and cellulose begin to break down. Therefore, it takes three years for shiitake mushrooms to be harvested from raw wood, and even naturally occurring mushrooms have a pattern of growing in the wood just before it decays. From an economic point of view, this is a huge loss, and there is also a considerable risk of contamination with other germs. As a countermeasure to these problems, shiitake mushrooms are grown in greenhouses, and mushrooms grown in cultivation beds are sterilized with high humidity, but both methods are critical to promoting the decomposition of cellulose and lignin. As is clear from the production of silage, lactic acid bacteria have the ability to decompose and solubilize difficult-to-decompose cellulose and lignin at room temperature. On the other hand, various amino acids are effective for the growth of mushrooms, but generally only nitrogen sources such as urea, fishmeal, and rice bran are used. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to promote the early decomposition of lignin and cellulose and to add various active substances. In the present invention, first, the sawdust and chips used for scallops and culture beds are pretreated with lactic acid or lactic acid bacteria before inoculation of the inoculum, and then a nutrient source is added to cultivate the symbiotic culture of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and yeast. By treating the liquid and subsequently sterilizing it, or by treating a pre-sterilized symbiotic culture liquid, it was possible to overcome the drawbacks of the previous cultivation methods. The symbiotic culture solution of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and yeast is produced in the following steps. Step 1 - Cultivation of actinomycetes. Wakaman's (1919) medium: 30 g of sucrose, 2 g of sodium nitrate, 1 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g of magnesium nitrate, 0.5 g of potassium chloride, 0.01 g of ferrous nitrate, 1000 ml of water, adjusted to pH 7.0. Actinomycetes are isolated from general field fields using a pure culture method, and one or several species are enriched and cultured using the same medium. Step 2 - Cultivation of yeast. Ozapek of Dox (1910) medium: 2 g sodium nitrate, 1 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g potassium chloride, 0.5 g magnesium sulfate, ferrous nitrate.
0.01g, sucrose 30g, distilled water 1000ml. Yeasts are isolated from general fields using a pure culture method using a medium, and one or several types are concentratedly cultured using the same medium. Step 3 - Cultivation of photosynthetic bacteria. 3.0 g of sodium acetate, 0.8 g of potassium monophosphate, 0.2 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 g of salt, 0.01 g of yeast extract, 1000 ml of distilled water, and a basic medium adjusted to PH6.8. Sulfur bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) are isolated using a pure culture method, and one or more species are enriched and cultured using the same culture solution. Step 4 - Symbiotic culture of actinomycetes and yeast. VL basic medium: peptone 10g, yeast extract 5
g, meat extract 2g, sodium chloride 5g, cysteine hydrochloride 0.3g, distilled water 1000ml, pH adjusted to 7.0-7.2. Pour 1000ml of into a flask, and process step 1 and step 2.
One or more types of actinomycetes and yeasts isolated in the above are inoculated and cultured with vibration for 25 days.
The time when 10 ⁷ or more actinomycetes and yeast bacteria are confirmed to be present is determined to be the stationary phase, and the vibration culture is stopped. If the stationary phase has not been reached on the 25th day after the start of culture, add the same VL basic medium and continue shaking culture until the number of viable bacteria has reached ¹⁰⁷ cells/ml or more, then continue culturing. Stop. Step 5 - Symbiotic culture of actinomycetes, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria. Add 1000% of the basic medium of photosynthetic bacteria used in step 3 to the culture solution of actinomycetes and yeast whose culture was stopped in step 4.
ml, and then inoculated with one or more kinds of purple nonsulfur bacteria that were cultured in step 3, and in an aerobic state.
Static culture at 27°C for 20 days under 7000-10000 lux illumination. The time when the number of viable photosynthetic bacteria is confirmed to be 10 ⁶ cells/ml or more is determined to be the stationary phase, and the culture is stopped. If the stationary phase has not been reached even after 20 days have passed since the start of the culture, add basic medium of the same photosynthetic bacteria and continue culturing until the number of viable bacteria reaches ¹⁰⁶ cells/ml or more, then continue culturing. Stop. In addition, actinomycetes and yeast bacteria transition from the stationary phase to the death phase, and the number of viable bacteria is 10 ^{and 6} cells/ml, respectively.
If the V.
Add basic medium and switch to vibration culture, and after the number of viable actinomycetes and yeast bacteria grows to 10 ⁷ cells/ml or more, switch to static culture. Through the above steps, a symbiotic culture solution of actinomycetes, yeast, and photosynthetic bacteria is produced. Examples of components of the symbiotic culture solution are as follows. Total amount of natural amino acids 0.0003%, total amount of natural nucleic acids 0.00003%,
Vitamin B ₁ 0.00036%, vitamin B ₂ 0.00096%, total carotene 0.0016%, amylase activity 50u/g. Example 1 In Hita City, Oita Prefecture, a symbiotic culture solution of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and yeast bacteria and a sterilized version of the same solution were sufficiently sprayed on a tree that had been planted with seed blocks for one year. We checked the yield and quality.

[Table] From the above results, it is clear that the sterilized solution for symbiotic culture is effective in promoting the development of shiitake mushrooms. Live bacteria treatment is having the opposite effect. Example 2 In Kyan, Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture, sawdust for cultivating shimeji mushrooms and wood ear mushrooms was soaked for 3 hours in a 1,000-fold diluted solution of lactic acid bacteria cultured using molasses as a medium, and then dehydrated to remove rice bran, keratin, urea, etc. Nutrients were added, and 100 c.c. of a 100x solution of a symbiotic culture solution of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, and yeast was added per culture bed, and after sterilization, seed bacteria were inoculated and the following results were obtained. Wood ear mushrooms Untreated 440g 490g Treated with lactic acid bacteria only 565 545 All treated 701 668 (average per 10 beds) From the above results, treatment with lactic acid bacteria alone is highly effective, but treatment with symbiotic microorganisms will further promote the effect.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 After treating the sawdust and wood chips from the shiitake mushroom cultivation bed with lactic acid or lactic acid bacteria to promote decomposition, add the necessary nutrients, add a symbiotic culture of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, etc., and sterilize the seeds. A cultivation method characterized by promoting the growth of mushrooms by inoculating them with