JPH04277072A - Method and apparatus for treating garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To treat garbage so as to utilize the same as fuel, an adsorbent or a desiccant by converting the garbage to activated carbon like carbide uniform in quality and easy to handle. CONSTITUTION:Garbage is kneaded, heated and pressed by a molding apparatus 10 such as an extruder to be extruded from a die 19. The extruded intermediate product is cut by a cutter 20 to be molded into pellets. The intermediate product thus molded into a desired shape is, if necessary, dried according to its water content by dryer 30 to be introduced into the dry distillation pipe 43 of a dry distillation apparatus 40 and moisture or volatile gas is discharged to obtain porous activated carbon like carbide.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the processing of kitchen waste, mainly leftover food, and particularly to a processing method and apparatus for turning kitchen waste into a useful product.

0002

[Prior Art] Conventionally, in order to prevent spoilage and the generation of bad odors, kitchen waste has been fermented by aerobic bacteria in a short period of time, and then dried to be used as feed, fertilizer, and fuel. However, fermentation takes two to several days.

0003

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The processing of kitchen waste as described above does not achieve sufficient volume reduction, requires a lot of cost and time, and the product obtained by the processing may deteriorate in quality and have poor quality. There are problems with the uniformity of resources and the balance between supply and demand, and society's expectations for resource recycling are not fully met.

[0004] The present invention converts kitchen waste into products that are hygienic, do not deteriorate, have uniform quality, and are easy to handle.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for treating kitchen waste that can enhance the volume reduction effect and can be used as a fuel, an adsorbent for sewage treatment, and a desiccant.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The method for processing kitchen waste according to the present invention to achieve the above object is to knead, heat and pressurize kitchen waste to form it into a desired shape, and then carbonize it by carbonizing it. be. Note that it is preferable that kitchen waste containing a large amount of water be dehydrated during molding and dried before carbonization.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the kitchen waste processing apparatus according to the present invention also includes a molding device that receives kitchen waste, kneads it, heats it, pressurizes it, and molds it into a desired shape; It consists of a carbonization device that carbonizes the intermediate product of molded kitchen waste by carbonization.

[0007] Furthermore, a dryer is interposed between the molding device and the carbonization device, and the molding device is a single or twin screw extruder,
Furthermore, the heat source of the carbonization apparatus may be an electromagnetic wave in the absorption band of the kitchen waste to be processed.

[0008]

[Operation] Kitchen waste is kneaded, heated, and pressurized using a molding device such as an extruder, and the starch in the kitchen waste is used as a binder to form a desired shape such as a pellet to produce an intermediate product. Next, this is preferably dried in a drier, then placed in a carbonization apparatus and heated in an oxygen-free atmosphere to release not only moisture but also volatile gases such as methane and ammonia, as well as being thermally decomposed and carbonized. The carbonized product is porous and can be used as a fuel, as well as an adsorbent and desiccant for wastewater treatment.

[0009]

Embodiments An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. The molding device 10 uses a single or twin screw type extruder. 11 is a screw, motor 12
It is designed to be rotated via a gear transmission mechanism 13. A hopper 15 is provided at the base of the cylinder 14, and a crusher 16 is provided in the hopper 15 for crushing the kitchen waste thrown in as shown by arrow A and supplying it into the cylinder 14.
is provided. There is a deaeration port 1 in the middle of the cylinder 14.
7 and 18 are provided. Note that a screen-shaped dewatering port made of a large number of slits may be provided in a position relatively close to the hopper 15 of the cylinder 14. A die 19 is attached to the tip of the cylinder 14. The die 19 has an opening (not shown) with a desired cross-sectional shape. Dice 19
A cutting device 20 is attached to the exit side of the die 19.
The intermediate product extruded from the pellets is cut into desired lengths and molded into desired shapes (hereinafter referred to as pellets).

Reference numeral 30 denotes a dryer, in which the intermediate product pelletized by the cutting device 20 is transferred to the hopper 3 as shown by arrow B.
Accept from 1. The dryer 30 has a double pipe structure including an outer cylinder 32 and an inner cylinder 33, and a screw 34 is rotatably provided in the inner cylinder 33. The screw 34 is rotated by a motor 35 and conveys the intermediate product received from the hopper 31 from right to left in the figure. Hot air is supplied between the outer cylinder 32 and the inner cylinder 33 from an air supply port 36, and the hot air is also made to flow into the inner cylinder 33 from a vent 37a provided at the left end of the inner cylinder 33. A vent 37b for discharging hot air is provided at the right end of the inner cylinder 33, and the outer cylinder 32
An exhaust port 38 is opened at the right end. In addition, a discharge port 3 for dried intermediate products is provided at the left end of the inner and outer cylinders 32 and 33.
9 is open.

A hopper 41 of a carbonization device 40 is opened below the discharge port 39. The carbonization apparatus 40 consists of a furnace body 42 having a heat-resistant structure and a carbonization tube 43 installed therein.
A screw 45 rotated by a motor 44 is provided inside the carbonization tube 43 . The hopper 41 is connected to the base of the carbonization tube 43 via a rotary valve 46, and the rotary valve 46 shuts off the inside and outside of the carbonization tube 43 and transfers the intermediate product input into the hopper 41 to the carbonization tube 43. It is designed to be inserted inside. A discharge pipe 47 is connected to the distal end of the carbonization pipe 43, and the distal end of the discharge pipe 47 is opened to the outside via a rotary valve 48 similar to the rotary valve 46. 49 is a product receiver. Note that the rotary valves 46 and 48 may be two-stage shutter type valves that open and close alternately, and will hereinafter be simply referred to as valves.

The lower part of the furnace body 42 is connected to a fuel supply section 50 and an air intake section 51, which are used in the initial stage of operation and are sometimes used auxiliary for volatile gases from the carbonization tube 43, which will be described later. A burner 52 is provided to combust fuel within the furnace body 42 and heat the carbonization tube 43. A gas discharge pipe 53 is connected to the carbonization pipe 43 for discharging water vapor and volatile gas generated inside.
Volatile gas or the like is introduced near the burner 52 and used as heating fuel. In addition, the furnace body 42
The waste heat gas is sent to the air supply port 32 of the dryer 30 through the flue gas pipe 54.
It is now being introduced to

Next, the operation of this device will be explained. As shown by arrow A, cut waste paper, sawdust,
Kitchen waste is fed into the hopper 15 together with additives such as rice husks and expanded polystyrene for adjusting the moisture content or improving kneading processability. The thrown kitchen waste is cut into predetermined small pieces by the crusher 16, fed into the cylinder 14, kneaded and pressurized by the screw 11, and generates heat due to this kneading and pressurization, and furthermore, the surroundings of the cylinder 14. The temperature is increased by being actively heated by a heater (not shown) installed in the
Evaporated water is discharged from the deaeration ports 17 and 18. The thus kneaded, heated, and pressurized kitchen waste is extruded from the die 19 in a desired cross-sectional shape, such as a circular cross-section with a diameter of about 10 mm. The extruded kitchen waste is shaped with the starch contained therein acting as a binder.

The kitchen waste extruded from the die 19 expands and foams due to the rapid pressure drop and temperature change to form a porous intermediate product, and is cut into a desired length of, for example, about 10 mm by the cutting device 20. It is cut and formed into pellets.

The intermediate product of kitchen waste pelletized by the molding device 10 is introduced into the dryer 30 by a hopper 31 as shown by arrow B in order to have a moisture content of about 20%. While being dried by hot air supplied from 39, the inner cylinder 33 is moved from right to left by the screw 34, and as shown by arrow C, it is passed through the carbonization device 40 from the discharge port 39.
The liquid is thrown into the hopper 41 of Note that when the moisture content of the intermediate product molded in the molding device 10 is relatively low, drying in the dryer 30 may be omitted and the product may be directly introduced into the hopper 41 of the carbonization device 40 after molding.

The intermediate product charged into the hopper 40 is introduced into the carbonization tube 43 via the valve 46. The furnace body 42 of the carbonization apparatus 40 heats the carbonization tube 43 by combustion of fuel by the burner 52 and volatile gas introduced from the carbonization tube 43 through the gas exhaust pipe 53. The product is heated while being fed by the screw 45. The inside of the carbonization tube 43 is substantially cut off from the outside air by the valves 46 and 48, so there is a substantially oxygen-free atmosphere, and the intermediate products do not burn, releasing moisture as well as volatile gases such as methane and ammonia. At the same time, it is thermally decomposed and carbonized to become a porous carbide like activated carbon. The charred kitchen waste, that is, the product, is fed from the discharge pipe 47 via the valve 48 into the product receiver 49 as shown by arrow D.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, one extruder is used in the molding device 10 to knead kitchen waste, heat and pressurize it to form a swollen pellet-like intermediate product. Although an example has been shown in which the process is carried out directly to the carbonization apparatus 40, in order to particularly reduce the water content, a plurality of extruders may be connected in a cascade to carry out the extrusion process in multiple stages. They may also be provided in multiple stages in a cascade shape, each at a predetermined temperature or at different temperatures.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, volatile gas generated from intermediate products during carbonization and auxiliary fuel were used as the heat source of the carbonization apparatus 40, but the carbonization tube 43 was made of conductive material such as steel. It is also possible to heat the carbonization tube 43 by introducing electromagnetic waves in the absorption band of the intermediate product into the carbonization tube 43. In this case, the volatile gas is preferably used as a heat source for the dryer 30.

Experimental Example (1) Ingredients of kitchen waste (wt%): Rice 50 Deli (fried food) 30 Vegetable scraps 20 (2) Moisture content 58% by weight (3) Molding After cutting the kitchen waste into pieces, the above kitchen waste was kneaded using an extruder. It was made into a rod shape with a diameter of 10 mm, and then cut into a length of 10 mm and shaped into pellets. (4) Drying The above pellets were dried with hot air until the surface was dry. (5) Carbonization The above dried pellets are placed in a carbonization tube, and in an almost airtight state, first heated to 105℃, kept at that temperature for 10 to 20 minutes, and then heated to 450 to 600℃ over 10 to 30 minutes. ,
After maintaining the temperature for 10 minutes, the temperature was lowered to 250°C and taken out. (6) Finished carbide The finished carbide was a coke-like porous material, which was sufficiently reduced in volume and weight to about 5% of the original amount of kitchen waste. Also, when it was burned, no flame or smoke was produced.

[0020]

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, kitchen waste is converted into activated carbon-like charcoal which is hygienic and does not deteriorate in quality, has uniform quality, and is easy to handle. In addition, it can be used as a fuel, an adsorbent for sewage treatment, and a desiccant.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Molding equipment 11 Screw 14 Cylinder 16　Crusher 17 Deaeration port 18 Deaeration port 19 Dice 20 Cutting device 30 Dryer 32 Outer cylinder 33 Inner cylinder 34 Screw 36 Air supply port 38 Exhaust port 40 Carbonization equipment 42 Furnace body 43 Carbonization tube 45 Screw 46 Valve 48 Valve 52 Burner

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method for processing kitchen waste, which comprises kneading, heating and pressurizing kitchen waste to form it into a desired shape, and carbonizing it by carbonization. 2. A method for treating kitchen waste, which comprises kneading, heating and dehydrating kitchen waste to form it into a desired shape, and carbonizing it by carbonization. 3. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein drying is performed as a step before carbonization. 4. A molding device that receives kitchen waste, kneads it, heats it, and pressurizes it to form it into a desired shape; and a carbonization device that carbonizes the intermediate product of the kitchen waste formed into the desired shape by the molding device. Kitchen waste processing equipment consisting of: 5. The kitchen waste processing device according to claim 4, further comprising an intermediate product dryer interposed between the molding device and the carbonization device. 6. The kitchen waste processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the molding apparatus has a one or twin screw extruder. 7. Claim 4, characterized in that the heat source of the carbonization apparatus is an electromagnetic wave in the absorption band of the kitchen waste to be treated.
6. The kitchen waste processing device according to 5 or 6.