JPH04240177A - Organic fermented fertilizer and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the fertilizer which assures the good growth of culture plants and can prevent the generation of a large amt. of disease bacteria and injurious insects to generate faults in the culture plants in soil without using a large amt. of agricultural chemicals and the process for producing this fertilizer. CONSTITUTION:This org. fermentation fertilizer is obtd. by subjecting a mixture essentially composed of vegetable left-overs, such as porous carbide and bean- curd residue and porous agricultural left-overs, such as corn cobs, to fermentation by bacillus subtilis and/or radiant bacteria which are highly thermophilic fermentation bacteria. The above-mentioned fermentation bacteria are infiltrated and fixed into the porous carbides and porous agricultural left-overs of this org. fermentation fertilizer. Such org. fermentation fertilizer is obtd. by subjecting the above-mentioned mixture to primary fermentation while maintaining the mixture at 65 to 85 deg.C, then to secondary fermentation at the temp. lower than the above-mentioned temp., thereby maturing the mixture.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an organic fermented fertilizer and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to an organic fermented fertilizer obtained by fermentation with fermentation bacteria and a method for producing the same.

0002

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION When vegetables and the like are continuously cultivated in natural soil, the aeration of the soil deteriorates, and a large number of various pathogenic bacteria and even pests such as nematodes and mites occur in the soil. If plants such as vegetables are grown on such land, not only will continuous cropping problems occur in the cultivated plants, but also problems caused by pests in the soil will occur. Conventionally,
Pesticides have been widely used to prevent such disorders.

0003

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By using appropriate agricultural chemicals, disease-causing bacteria and pests in the soil can be exterminated. However, beneficial soil microorganisms that coexist with cultivated plants may also be harmed by the use of pesticides. Once the soil has been damaged by chemicals, it is difficult for soil microorganisms to recover to their original state, so it takes a considerable amount of time and effort to restore soil that has been damaged by chemicals.

[0004] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer that allows cultivated plants to grow well and prevents the large-scale outbreak of pathogenic bacteria and pests that cause damage to cultivated plants in the soil, without using large amounts of agricultural chemicals, and the production thereof. The purpose is to provide a method.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The inventor of the present invention has studied to achieve the above object, and has found that in the soil where currently used chemical fertilizers are used, there are large numbers of pathogenic bacteria and pests that cause damage to cultivated plants. We learned that it is difficult to suppress the outbreak. On the other hand, fermented fertilizers used as compost,
In particular, we have found that in soil mixed with fermented fertilizer obtained by high-temperature fermentation, cultivated plants grow well and are less likely to suffer from damage caused by pathogenic bacteria or pests, and have thus arrived at the present invention.

That is, the present invention uses a mixture mainly composed of porous charcoal, vegetable residue such as okara, and porous agricultural residue such as corncob, by fermenting Bacillus subtilis, which is a thermophilic fermentation bacterium, and/or actinophilic fermentation bacteria. This organic fermented fertilizer is obtained by fermentation with bacteria, and is characterized in that the fermenting bacteria invade and settle in porous charcoal and porous agricultural product residue. Furthermore, the present invention involves primary fermentation of a mixture obtained by mixing porous charcoal, vegetable residue such as okara, and agricultural processing residue such as corncob while maintaining the temperature at 65 to 85°C, and then A method for producing an organic fermented fertilizer, which is characterized by secondary fermentation and ripening at a lower temperature. In the present invention having such a structure, the fact that fruit squeezed dregs and/or coffee dregs are blended into the vegetable residue is such that the iron and acid content contained in the dregs are effective for fermentation and that they are contained in the soil. It also has a favorable influence on the growth of cultivated plants. Furthermore, the porous carbide has a pH of 6.0 to
Soft charcoal with a molecular weight of 8.0 allows fermentation bacteria to easily proliferate in the soil and keeps the soil at a neutral to slightly alkaline level. Furthermore, fermentation can be carried out well if the moisture content of the mixture to be fermented is 30 to 50%.

[0007]

[Operation] In the present invention, since the primary fermentation is carried out at a high temperature of 65 to 85°C, Bacillus subtilis and/or Bacillus subtilis, which are thermophilic fermentation bacteria,
Alternatively, actinomycetes selectively proliferate and invade and colonize porous char and porous agricultural residue. Therefore, in the soil where the fertilizer of the present invention has been applied, Bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes that have invaded and settled in porous char and porous agricultural product residue proliferate, resulting in a large outbreak of pests such as mites and disease-causing bacteria. control and reduce the use of pesticides as much as possible. In addition, since fertilizer contains porous components such as porous carbonized materials and porous agricultural residue, it not only improves the aeration of the soil, but also improves the fertilizer retention ability and maintains the fertilizer effect for a long time. can.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The fertilizer of the present invention uses as a starting material a mixture whose main components are porous charcoal, vegetable residue such as okara, and porous agricultural residue such as corn cob. In such a starting material, the porous charcoal is preferably one that is easily pulverized in the soil to which it is spread, and soft charcoal having a pH of 6.0 to 8.0 is particularly preferably used. If the alkaline soft charcoal has a pH higher than 8.0, it will tend to be difficult for fermentation bacteria to grow properly, while if the pH is lower than 6.0, the soil to which the fertilizer has been applied will It tends to become acidic. In order to obtain such soft charcoal, wood must be used at a rate of about 650 ~
It can be obtained by steaming at 850°C. The blending amount of such soft charcoal is 10% based on the starting material.
It is preferable to set it to 50%. Furthermore, a representative example of plant residues used as a nutrient source for fermentation bacteria is okara generated during the manufacturing process of tofu and the like. When okara is used, it is preferable that the amount of okara blended is 10 to 45 vol% based on the starting material. In such vegetable residues, 5 to 40 v.
It is preferable to contain ol% of fruit squeezed dregs or coffee dregs. This is because the fruit dregs and coffee grounds contain trace amounts of iron and acid, which have a positive effect on fermentation by fermentation bacteria and on cultivated plants. In addition, the okara used in the present invention may be fresh okara or dried okara,
Fruit squeezed residue generated at a juice factory or the like can be used. Furthermore, examples of porous agricultural product residues include corn cobs, which are corn cobs. The amount of corn cob added is 20 to 50% of the starting material.
It is preferable to set it as vol%. This porous agricultural product residue can improve the air permeability of the soil in combination with the porous char.

The fertilizer of the present invention is an organic fermented fertilizer obtained by fermenting such a starting material with thermophilic fermentation bacteria. Here, the thermophilic fermentation bacteria include thermophilic Bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes. In particular, Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis.
ils), and the actinomycetes include Thermospora (Ther.
mospora) and thermoactinolus (Therm
oactinomyces) can be suitably used. These thermophilic fermentation bacteria are attached to the above-mentioned starting material along with other bacteria, and in the fertilizer of the present invention obtained by selectively propagating these fermentation bacteria,
The fermentation bacteria invade and colonize the porous charred material and porous agricultural product residue used as starting materials. Therefore, in order to prevent deterioration of the obtained fertilizer, even if conditions are such that fermentation bacteria cannot grow, for example, the moisture content of the fertilizer is 20 to 25%, fermentation bacteria will remain in porous char and porous agricultural residue. It can become established and can multiply in fertilized soil under suitable conditions.

[0010] Such a fertilizer of the present invention can be obtained by firstly fermenting the above-mentioned starting material mixture at a high temperature, and then performing a second fermentation at a lower temperature than the first fermentation temperature and ripening it. At this time, adjusting the moisture content of the mixture as a starting material to 30 to 50% allows selective growth of thermophilic Bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes. When the moisture content of the mixture is outside the above range, lactic acid bacteria fermentation tends to occur. The primary fermentation is performed while maintaining the mixture uniformly at 65-85°C. Here, if the temperature is lower than 65°C, which is the temperature used for producing conventional compost, etc., various bacteria will proliferate and thermophilic Bacillus subtilis and actinobacteria cannot selectively proliferate. At temperatures above 85°C, thermophilic Bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes may also die. In order to make the temperature of the mixture uniform, it is necessary to insert a mesh pipe into the mixture and/or divide the mixture with mesh walls to form gaps through which heated air etc. can pass through the mixture. The air in the fermentation chamber where the primary fermentation is performed is stirred with a blower or the like to make the atmospheric temperature uniform. By keeping the temperature in the mixture uniform in this way, thermophilic Bacillus subtilis and actinomycetes can selectively grow. The high temperature primary fermentation is preferably carried out for about 8 to 24 hours, although it varies depending on the season. In addition, when performing the primary fermentation, a culture solution obtained by separately culturing the above-mentioned thermophilic fermentation bacteria may be added to the mixture, or a part of the fertilizer of the primary fermentation product or final product for which the primary fermentation has already been completed. By adding , the primary fermentation time can be shortened. This is because the number of fermenting bacteria can be increased from the beginning of the primary fermentation.

[0011] After the primary fermentation has been completed, the primary fermented product is taken out of the fermentation chamber and subjected to secondary fermentation to ripen. This secondary fermentation is carried out for about 1 to 3 days while blowing air at 40 to 50°C for aeration into the primary fermented product, and is completed when the temperature in the mixture reaches 20 to 35°C. After the secondary fermentation has been completed, the fertilizer is classified by a classifier or the like and packed into bags. The fertilizer of the present invention obtained in this way has a moisture content of 20 to
Since the conditions are as low as 25% and bacteria such as fermentation bacteria cannot grow, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the fertilizer due to the growth of fermentation bacteria and other bacteria, and it is also easy to handle. Furthermore, since the starting materials such as vegetable residues are completely decomposed, there is no abnormal fermentation in the soil and no odor.

[0012] In the present invention as described above, 5 to 30 vol% of seaweed residues such as Amanita or marine product processing residues such as crab and shrimp shells may be added to the starting materials.
Furthermore, konuka or a trace amount of molasses may be added in an amount of 1 to 5 vol% based on the starting material. Furthermore, the fertilizer of the present invention, which uses porous charcoal, is black in color and can therefore be used as a snow melting agent.

[0013]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained in further detail by way of examples. Example 1 A culture solution obtained by culturing Bacillus subtilis, a thermophilic Bacillus subtilis, and Thermospora, an actinomycete, was added to a mixture obtained by mixing the following raw materials, and the mixture was fermented in a fermentation chamber for 7
Primary fermentation was carried out by heating and holding at 0 to 80°C for about 16 hours. raw materials
Amount in mixture (vol%)
Soft charcoal (pH value 7.2)
35 Ocala
20
corn cob
28 Apple squeezed dregs
7 Amanita residue
7
Konuka
3 Molasses
Next, secondary fermentation was performed while blowing air at 40 to 50° C. to the first fermented product taken out from the fermentation chamber for aeration. The secondary fermentation was completed when the temperature of the fermented product reached 30°C. The obtained fertilizer was granular and dry, and had no odor at all. Soft charcoal and corncobs were taken out of the resulting fertilizer, immersed in a culture solution, and observed under a microscope, allowing the growth of fermentation bacteria to be observed.

Example 2 The fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was subjected to differential analysis. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0015]

[Table 1]

[0016]

[Table 2] As is clear from Table 2, the basic substitution capacity of the fertilizer of this example was 21.8 me, which is significantly higher than that of the conventional fertilizer, which has a basic substitution capacity of 10 me or less.
This shows that the fertilizer has a high fertilizer retention capacity.

Example 3 Predetermined amounts of soil mixed with 0 to 30 vol% of the fertilizer obtained in Example 1 and soil mixed with 10 to 15 vol% of woody charcoal were collected into pots, and a certain amount of Korai grass was collected into pots. planted seeds. The grass in all pots germinated on the 23rd day from the planting date, and the weight of above-ground stems and leaves (fresh grass weight) was measured on the 40th and 55th day from the planting date, and on the 47th day from the planting date. And on the 62nd day, root weight (air-dried weight) was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, the results of measurements of the weight of stems, leaves, and roots in units of g/pot are expressed as an index, with the level (level ■) in which no fertilizer was mixed in Example 1 as the standard (St.). .

[0018]

[Table 3] As is clear from Table 3, the fertilizer of Example 1 was mixed in.
At the level (2), the growth of the stems and roots of the grass was better than that of the other levels. In addition, the grass of levels ■ to ■ was darker green than the grass of other levels. Furthermore, the pH value and basic displacement capacity (me
/100g) was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0019]

[Table 4] As is clear from Table 4, the soils of levels ■ to ■ mixed with the fertilizer of Example 1 are weakly alkaline, are less likely to volatilize ammonia nitrogen, and have a high nitrogen nutrient retention capacity. On the other hand, in alkaline soils such as soils of levels 1 to 2, volatilization of ammonia nitrogen easily occurs and the retention of nitrogen nutrients is low. In addition, the soils of levels ■ to ■ have higher basic substitution capacity than other levels, indicating that they have higher fertilizer retention capacity than other levels. In this way, the soil mixed with the fertilizer of this example is kept slightly alkaline and has a high fertilizer retention capacity, so that cultivated plants can grow well.

Example 4 When 30 vol% of the fertilizer obtained in Example 1 was mixed into the soil where continuous cropping damage had occurred due to continuous tomato cultivation, tomatoes were grown, and the tomatoes grew well and the yield was good. Ta. On the other hand, when tomatoes were cultivated without mixing the fertilizer of Example 1 into the soil, continuous cropping failure occurred in the tomatoes and the yield was significantly low.

[0022]

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, the fertilizer retention capacity is high and the soil can be kept slightly alkaline, so that the growth of cultivated plants can be improved. Moreover, even if the soil is damaged by continuous cropping, the soil can be improved to improve the growth of cultivated plants, and the cultivated land can be used effectively. Furthermore, since the occurrence of pests such as mites and pathogenic bacteria that occur in the soil can be suppressed, it is also possible to reduce the amount of agricultural chemicals used as much as possible.

Claims (5)

[Claims] Claim 1: A mixture whose main components are porous char, vegetable residue such as okara, and porous agricultural residue such as corn cob is fermented with Bacillus subtilis and/or actinomycetes, which are thermophilic fermentation bacteria. 1. An organic fermented fertilizer obtained by the above method, characterized in that the fermenting bacteria invade and settle in porous char and porous agricultural product residue. Claim 2: The vegetable residue contains fruit pomace and/or
The organic fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, which contains coffee grounds. [Claim 3] The porous carbide has a pH of 6.0 to 8.0.
The organic fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, which is soft charcoal. 4. A mixture obtained by mixing a porous carbonized material, a vegetable residue such as okara, and a porous agricultural product residue such as corncob is subjected to primary fermentation while being maintained at a temperature of 65 to 85°C, and then fermented at the temperature above. A method for producing an organic fermented fertilizer characterized by performing secondary fermentation and ripening at a lower temperature than that of the organic fertilizer. [Claim 5] The moisture content of the mixture to be subjected to fermentation is 30-30.
5. The method for producing an organic fermented fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the content is 50%.