JPH04213601A - Ballast excavation and ballast excavator for ballast excavation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To acquire a ballast excavation means capable of improving working efficiency by automating ballast excavation work and enabling continuous work. CONSTITUTION:A cutter frame 7 arranged on the front side of a track motor-car 1 is lowered and tuyere ballast is excavated by a cutter 8 revolving all around the cutter frame 7, and gravel excavation is carried on by gradually turning the cutter frame 7 toward the side below a sleeper while excavating tuyere ballast, and when the cutter frame 7 and the cutter are orthogonally arranged with a rail, the rail motor-car 1 is made to travel, and gravel is excavated while changing excavation part of ballast, and the excavated gravel is transported to a gravel discharge part on the upper end of the cutter-frame 7 by the cutter 8 and discharged. Accordingly, it is possible to transport gravel to a working site by the track motor-car without depending on manual work. Thereafter, manual preliminary excavation work is not required, and it is possible to start ballast excavation work immediately. After the start of this work, it is possible to carry out continuous excavation work while changing ballast excavation position.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for excavating a roadbed and an improvement of its excavator, and more specifically, a method for excavating a roadbed for scraping out gravel, crushed stones, etc. when replacing the gravel, crushed stones, etc. that make up the roadbed. and improvements to the excavator.

0002

[Prior Art and Problems] Non-enclosed small trackbed excavators have been known for some time (for example, the non-enclosed small trackbed excavator distributed by Kowa Kasei Co., Ltd., located in Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, around 1978). (See catalog title).

The general structure of this roadbed excavator is that a scraping chain is provided around the entire circumference of an elongated cutter frame, and an elongated plate-shaped reaction force receiver is provided parallel to the cutter frame. Connect to the cutter frame with a propulsion jack, support the cutter frame and reaction force receiver with support metal fittings on an inverted L-shaped angle member that spans the upper corners of three to four sleepers, and connect the hydraulic motor to the propulsion jack. The structure is partially assembled at the work site.

[0004] The work procedure using this roadbed excavator is (
1) Manually remove the nose ballast at the machine installation location and manually excavate one span of sleepers. (2) Insert the reaction force receiver and attach the propulsion jack. Attach the cutter frame with the support bracket,
Connect the hydraulic hose and set it to the specified digging depth. (
3) Start the hydraulic unit including the hydraulic motor and move the scraping chain forward while going around it. After completing one span of excavation, carry out sweeping operations two to three times. (4) After excavation is completed, move the cutter frame forward and secure it with a crowbar, etc., and return the forward lever on the operating table to advance the reaction force receiver. This is the procedure.

[0005] Such a trackbed excavator requires manual preliminary excavation work such as manual removal of the nose bar and manual excavation of the trackbed as described above, as well as manual work such as manual delivery and manual installation of the machine, and excavation work. In some cases, it is necessary to fix the cutter frame each time the excavated part of the track bed is changed, which poses problems in that the work takes a long time and the work efficiency is poor.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a trackbed excavation means that enables automation and continuous operation of trackbed excavation work, thereby improving work efficiency. purpose.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In claim 1, the means of the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned object is to lower a cutter frame disposed on the front side of the orbital motor car,
The nose ballast is excavated with the cutter orbiting the entire circumference of the cutter frame, and while excavating the nose ballast, the cutter frame is gradually rotated toward the underside of the sleeper to continue excavating gravel, and the cutter frame and cutter are connected to the rail. When the gravel is arranged perpendicular to the cutter frame, the track motor car is run, gravel is excavated while changing the excavation part of the roadbed, and the excavated gravel is conveyed by a cutter to the gravel discharge part at the upper end of the cutter frame and discharged. 2, a lateral movement mechanism, an elevating mechanism, an attitude control mechanism, and a turning mechanism for the cutter frame are installed on a frame provided on the front side of the orbital motor car, and these lateral movement mechanisms, elevating mechanisms, attitude control mechanisms, turning mechanisms, etc. A cutter frame having a generally V-shaped front or a roughly U-shaped front is attached horizontally to the cutter frame, a large number of cutters are provided around the entire circumference of the cutter frame so as to be able to rotate freely, and the curved portion of the cutter frame and the cutter is covered with a cover. A bottom plate and a side plate are provided to surround the lower side of the cutter from the cover to the gravel discharge part at the upper end of the cutter frame, and the side of the cutter surface opposite to the cutter frame.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The structure of a road bed excavator and how to use the excavator will be explained in order with reference to the drawings. Orbital motor car 1 is
This is a well-known motor car used for track maintenance work, snow removal work, etc., and a mount 2 is attached and fixed to the front side.

The pedestal 2 is made of suitable steel sections such as H section steel, L section steel, and T section steel, and has a substantially L-shaped side surface.
The rear end on the reverse direction side (the right end in FIG. 2) is attached and fixed to the orbital motor car 1.

The lateral movement mechanism 3 disposed on the pedestal 2 is a mechanism for lateral movement of the cutter frame 7 before and after trackbed excavation work, and is located at the front end of the track motor car 1 in the forward direction (the left end in FIG. 2). part) so that it can rotate freely. The lateral movement mechanism 3 includes an outer cylinder 11, a sliding cylinder 12 fitted to the outer cylinder,
The sliding cylinder 12 slides inside the outer cylinder 11 by reciprocating the piston of the hydraulic member, and the length of the protrusion from the outer cylinder changes in length. Configure it to do so. The lateral movement mechanism 3 has a portion of the outer tube 11 near the protruding end of the sliding tube pivoted to the elevating mechanism 4, and a portion near the proximal end opposite to the protruding end of the sliding tube with a rotation support piece. It is pivoted to the pedestal 2 at 14, and rotates around the pivoted portion of the rotary support piece 14 by the operation of the elevating mechanism 4, so that the protruding end of the sliding tube 12 can move up and down. In the lateral movement mechanism 3, the cutter frame 7 is indirectly attached to the protruding end of the sliding tube 12 via the turning mechanism 6, and the cutter frame 7 is moved laterally by the sliding of the sliding tube 12.
The configuration is such that the lateral position for the track bed excavation work or the lateral position for moving before and after the excavation work is determined.

The elevating mechanism 4 is a mechanism for raising and lowering the cutter frame 2 before and after the trackbed excavation work, and is composed of a hydraulic member 15, and connects the cylinder end of the hydraulic member 15 to the pedestal 2 at the front end of the pedestal 2. The tip of the piston, which is pivoted and protrudes from the cylinder, is indirectly attached to the cutter frame 7 via the lateral movement mechanism 3. The lifting mechanism 4 moves the piston of the hydraulic member 15 to the outer cylinder 1 of the lateral movement mechanism 3.
1, and by reciprocating the piston of the hydraulic member 15, the lateral movement mechanism 3 is attached to the rotation support piece 14.
The protruding end of the sliding tube 12 that protrudes from the outer tube 11 moves up and down, and the cutter frame 7 attached to the protruding end of the sliding tube moves up and down. Configure it to do so. When the elevating mechanism 4 moves the piston of the hydraulic member 15 to its maximum forward position along with the operation of the lateral movement mechanism 3, the cutter frame 7 rises to the highest position, and the entire cutter frame is disposed above the sleepers and rails.
When the piston is moved back to the maximum limit, the cutter frame 7 is lowered to the lowest position, and the lower half of the cutter frame is arranged below the sleepers (the highest position of the cutter frame is shown in FIG. 1). (a) Position → (b
) position reference. The lowest position is the position (c) in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
(see position (c)).

The attitude control mechanism 5 is a mechanism for controlling the attitude of the cutter frame 7 before and after the track bed excavation work. The cylinder of the hydraulic member is pivotally attached to the bracket of the sliding tube 12, and the tip of the piston protruding from the cylinder is indirectly attached to the cutter frame 7 via the turning mechanism 6. When the attitude control mechanism 5 causes the piston of the hydraulic member 16 to reciprocate,
The rotating mechanism 6 is configured to rotate around the attachment portion of the lateral movement mechanism 3 to the sliding tube 12, and the cutter frame 7 attached to the rotating mechanism 6 is configured to rotate. The attitude control mechanism 5 is
Along with the operation of the lateral movement mechanism 3, the elevating mechanism 4, etc., the piston of the hydraulic member 16 is reciprocated, and the posture of the cutter frame 7, which is tilted in the left and right direction before and after the roadbed excavation work, is changed to a vertical posture by the rotation of the cutter frame 7. control,
Before the track bed excavation work, the cutter frame 7 is set in a vertical position for working, and after the excavation work, the cutter frame 7 is set in a vertical position for moving (Fig. 1 (d) position). → (c) Posture).

The turning mechanism 6 is a mechanism for turning the cutter frame 7 before and after the trackbed excavation work, and is attached to the front and back sides of the protruding end of the sliding tube 12 that constitutes the lateral movement mechanism 3 by shafts 17. A support arm 1 is attached below the shaft attachment of the mounting plate 18.
9 is provided to protrude rearward, a support tube 20 is attached and fixed to the tip of the support arm, and a pivot column 21 is fitted to this support tube,
The upper half of the cutter frame 7 is attached and fixed to the upper end of the pivot column, and the lower end of the pivot column is made to protrude downward from the support cylinder 20, and a pair of hydraulic members 22 are pivoted between the pivot column and the mounting plate 18. When the piston of one hydraulic member 22 is moved forward and the other piston is moved backward at the same time, the rotating column 21 is rotated and the cutter frame 7 is simultaneously rotated (Figs. 2, see Figures 3, 4, 5, etc.). In the turning mechanism 6, before the trackbed excavation work, the cutter frame 7 is lowered to the lowest position, its posture is controlled to be vertical and parallel to the rail, and a large number of cutters 8 begin to rotate to excavate the nose ballast of the trackbed. Once started, the cutter frame 7 is gradually rotated downward from the sleepers until the cutter frame 7 is perpendicular to the rail while excavating gravel on the roadbed. After the trackbed excavation work, the turning mechanism 6 rotates the cutter frame 7.
The cutter frame 7 is rotated in the opposite direction to the rotation direction before the trackbed excavation work, and the cutter frame 7 is returned to the vertical and parallel posture.

The cutter frame 7 is configured to have a substantially V-shape or a substantially U-shape when viewed from the front (the illustrated example shows a substantially V-shape), and has a large number of cutters 8 disposed around the entire circumference so as to be freely rotatable for excavating the road bed. It is. The cutter frame 7 has sprockets (not shown) rotatably installed inside the upper end and the lower end,
A chain 23 is strung around these sprockets and arranged around the entire periphery, the base ends of a number of cutters 8 are attached to the chain, the tips of the cutters are exposed, and the road bed is excavated by the cutter exposed portions. Configure it so that The cutter frame 7 has a hydraulic motor 24, a reducer 25, etc. disposed on the upper surface of the upper end, the reducer is connected to a sprocket at the upper end, and the sprocket rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the reducer 25. The chain 23 and a large number of cutters 8 are made to revolve, and the sprocket at the lower end is made to rotate. The cutter frame 7 is placed horizontally, and the lower surface of the upper half is attached and fixed to the upper end of the turning column 21 of the turning mechanism 6, and rotates during roadbed excavation work, with the lower half performing the excavation function and the upper half performing the gravel cutting function. In addition to demonstrating the transport function,
Constructed to perform gravel discharge function. The cutter frame 7 is provided with a shroud 26 for preventing gravel from scattering around its upper end, which serves as a gravel discharge section, and a skirt 27 is suspended from the shroud.

A large number of cutters 8 are members for excavating the road bed and scraping out gravel, and are also members for transporting and discharging the scraped gravel, and the tip portions have a shape suitable for scraping gravel (for example, , a grab shape as shown in the example, a shovel shape (not shown), etc.), and the base end is attached to the chain 23.
The chain is attached to the chain so that the leading end is exposed, and as the chain goes around, the exposed part sticks into the road bed, scraping out gravel and transporting and discharging it.

The covering body 9 is a member provided to convey the gravel scraped out by road bed excavation without scattering or falling off. The curved part of the cutter 8 is covered, and the gravel scraped and transported by the cutter is configured to be transported toward the gravel discharge part of the cutter frame 7 without scattering or falling off at the curved part.

The bottom plate 10 and the side plates 11 are members provided for the same purpose as the cover 9, and the cutter frame 7 is separated from the cover.
The gravel discharge part (upper end part) of the cutter frame 7 is molded into a Γ-shaped cross section and installed, enclosing the two sides of the lower side and the exposed part side of the cutter 8, so that the gravel conveyed by the cutter reaches the gravel discharge part of the cutter frame 7. It is transported without worrying about scattering or falling off, and the bottom plate 10
The structure is such that the gravel is reliably discharged from the gravel discharge section connected to the terminal end of the gravel.

By the way, in the above-mentioned lateral movement mechanism 3, elevating mechanism 4, posture control mechanism 5, swing mechanism 6, etc., respective hydraulic members 13, 15, 16, 22, etc. are connected to a hydraulic pump 28, and a hydraulic motor 24 is also connected to a hydraulic pump 28. The hydraulic pump 28 is connected to a gear group in a gear box 29 that is connected to a snow removal power source (not shown) of the orbital motor car 1. When the gear group is operated by the operation of the power source, the hydraulic pump 28 is activated. It is configured to be operated and configured to distribute oil to the hydraulic members 13, 15, 16, 22, the hydraulic motor 24, etc.

The above-mentioned embodiment is merely an example, and the structure is not limited to this. For example, a pedestal 2 is provided on the rear side of the orbital motor car 1, and a cutter frame 7 is mounted on the pedestal. If it is arranged horizontally as shown in Figure 6, the track bed excavation work can be performed while pushing the platform 2 with the track motor car 1, and also the lateral movement mechanism 3, the elevating mechanism 4, the attitude control mechanism 5, and the turning mechanism 6 There is no problem in installing the power source on the mount 2 without requiring the orbital motor car 1 to have a power source such as the above.

In the above-described embodiment, the means for discharging the scraped gravel or the means for storing and transporting the scraped gravel are not shown. ) is installed tilted downward in a horizontal plane so as to be freely rotatable, and its discharge gutter is directed above the roadbed surface, and while excavation work continues, the scraped gravel is discharged to the roadbed surface using the discharge gutter. In addition, the storage and transportation means for scraped gravel are
From the gravel discharge part of the cutter frame 7 to the front of the pedestal 2 (
The discharge gutter (not shown) is installed rotatably downward in the same way as above, facing the left side of the pedestal in FIG. 2, and a gravel loading wagon (not shown) is connected to the front end of the pedestal 2. The scraped gravel is discharged from the gravel discharge section and the discharge gutter toward a loading conveyor (not shown) that has been installed in advance on the freight car, and while excavation work continues, the scraped gravel is transferred to the loading conveyor (not shown) on the freight car exclusively for loading gravel. It is possible to load the vehicle into In the case of the latter gravel storage and transportation means, the discharge gutter is rotatable in the horizontal plane, so if the discharge gutter is directed above the road bed, the scraped gravel can be discharged in the same way as the former scraped gravel discharge means. Is possible.

[0021] Next, the usage will be explained. Until the cutter frame 7 arrives at the work site, the cutter frame 7 is held at the position (a) on the side of the pedestal 2 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, etc. When you arrive at the work site, move the cutter frame 7 to (c) as shown in the same figure.
) position. The lowering operation of the cutter frame 7 is performed by sliding the sliding cylinder 12 of the lateral movement mechanism 3 and
The cutter frame 7 is caused to protrude for a long time from the position (a) to the position (b), and is lifted up at the same time. Next, the sliding cylinder 12 of the lateral movement mechanism 3 is slid to protrude further from the outer cylinder 11, and the piston of the hydraulic member 15 of the lifting mechanism 4, which was moving forward, is moved back, so that the lateral movement mechanism 3 is moved further. Lay down the outer cylinder 11 until it is horizontal (Fig. 1
(to lower the outer cylinder 11 from the inclined position shown by the solid line to the horizontal position shown by the two-dot chain line), and lower the cutter frame 7 from the position (b) to the position (d) in FIG. The cutter frame 7 that has been lowered to the position (d) assumes a tilted posture tilted in the left-right direction as the lateral motion mechanism 3 changes its posture from the tilted posture to the horizontal posture. Since the trackbed excavation work cannot be started if the cutter frame 7 remains in an inclined position, the position control mechanism 5 is operated to change the position of the cutter frame 7 to a vertical position. The attitude control of this cutter frame 7 is as follows:
The piston of the hydraulic member 16 of the posture control mechanism 5, which was moving forward, is moved back, and the cutter frame 7 is rotated about the shaft 17, and when it reaches the vertical position, the rotation is stopped, and the cutter frame 7 is rotated. This is done by controlling the posture from the (d) position to the (c) position in Fig. 1 ((c) of the cutter frame 7).
The location is also shown in Figures 2 and 3). The cutter frame 7 held in the illustrated position (c) is lowered to a position where the lower half is lower than the sleepers, and the cutter 8 in the lower half is in a position where it slightly bites into the nose ballast of the track bed.

Next, the operation moves on to rotating the cutter 8. Circulating operation of the cutter 8 is performed by a hydraulic motor 24 and a reduction gear 25.
is activated to cause the chain 23 to revolve around a large number of cutters. When a large number of cutters 8 start circling, the nose ballast begins to be excavated, and the scraped gravel is transferred to the cutters 8.
The gravel is transported toward the gravel discharge section at the upper end of the cutter frame 7, and soon begins to be discharged (Figs. 1, 5, and 7).
, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, etc.). Once the nasal ballast begins to be drilled,
The turning column 21 of the turning mechanism 6 is gradually rotated to gradually turn the cutter frame 7 toward the sleepers and the rail (see FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5, etc.). Since the lower half of the cutter frame 7 is held at a lower position than the sleepers, the lower half of the cutter frame 7 enters the track bed below the sleepers as it turns, and the many cutters 8 that are orbiting follow the nose ballast. Gravel begins to be scraped out from under the sleepers and transported toward the gravel discharge section. When the cutter frame 7 is arranged perpendicular to the rail, the rotation is stopped, and the depth of penetration of the lower half of the cutter rail 7 relative to the track bed width is adjusted by the lateral movement mechanism 3, and the track motor car 1 is slowly moved backward in the direction of the arrow in FIG. Then, the cutter frame 7 is moved, and excavation is continued while changing the excavated part of the roadbed, and the scraped gravel is conveyed toward the gravel discharge part. Gravel discharged from the gravel discharge section at the upper end of the cutter frame 7 is discharged to the ground on the road bed or continuously loaded into a freight car exclusively for gravel loading (not shown) connected to the pedestal 2.

When the track bed excavation work is completed, the rotation of the multiple cutters 8 is stopped, the turning mechanism 6 is turned in the opposite direction to the swing direction before the track bed excavation work, and the cutter frame 1 is moved as shown in FIGS. The cutter frame 7 is returned to the position (c) in Fig. 3, and the lateral movement mechanism 3, lifting mechanism 4, attitude control mechanism 5, etc. are operated in the opposite manner to the operation before the track bed excavation work, and the cutter frame 7 is moved to the position of the mount 2 before the track bed excavation work. Return to the side (a) position ((c in Figure 1)
) position → (d) position → (b) position → (a) position)
, leave the work site and wait for the next roadbed excavation work.

The above-mentioned trackbed excavation work is performed by operating the snow removal power source of the orbital motor car 1 and operating a hydraulic operating section (not shown) provided in the driver's cab of the motor car. By the way, when the scraped gravel is loaded and transported on the freight car exclusively for gravel loading, which is connected to the front side of the orbital motor car 1 via the frame 2, the track bed excavation work is performed while the orbital motor car 1 is moving backward. Since the above-mentioned special freight car, which is heavy with loaded gravel, will pass over the rails on the roadbed where the gravel has been scraped out, it is necessary to take care not to impede the passage of the special freight car and to prevent damage to the rails and sleepers. The lower side of the sleeper is supported by a temporary pillow (not shown).

[0025]

[Effect of the invention] Since the present invention is configured as described above,
This eliminates the need for manual work such as manually transporting and manually installing the track bed excavator to the work site, and the track bed excavator can quickly arrive at the work site by orbital motor car, eliminating the need for manual preliminary excavation work after the track bed excavator arrives at the work site. You can start excavating the trackbed immediately, and after starting the excavation work, you do not have to fix the cutter frame every time you change the excavated part of the trackbed.
Continuous excavation work can be performed while changing the part of the road bed excavated.

[0026] Therefore, it is possible to automate the road bed excavation work, and also to perform continuous excavation work, thereby improving work efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

[Fig. 1] Schematic front view of the roadbed excavator of the present invention before and after excavation work, seen from the front side of the orbital motor car.

[Figure 2] Right side view of Figure 1 showing the front of the cutter frame

[Figure 3] Plan view of Figure 1

[Figure 4] Shows the turning mechanism, (4)-(4) in Figure 2.
Enlarged bottom view of main parts along the line

[Fig. 5] Diagram explaining the turning operation of the cutter frame

[Figure 6] Work explanatory diagram of trackbed excavation work seen from the front side of the orbital motor car

[Fig. 7] Rear view of the cutter frame and cutter, showing how the scraped gravel is conveyed and discharged from the rear of the orbital motor car.

[Fig. 8] Plan view of Fig. 7

9 is a partially enlarged vertical cross-sectional view taken along line (9)-(9) in FIG. 7. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1... Track motor car 2... Frame 3... Lateral movement mechanism
4... Lifting mechanism 5... Attitude control mechanism 6... Rotating mechanism 7... Cutter frame
8... Cutter 9... Cover
10...Bottom plate 11...Side plate

Claims (2)

[Claims] Claim 1: A cutter frame disposed on the front side of an orbital motor car is lowered, a nose ballast is excavated with a cutter orbiting the entire circumference of the cutter frame, and the cutter frame is gradually moved to a sleeper while excavating the nose ballast. Continue to excavate gravel by turning downward, and when the cutter frame and cutter are arranged perpendicular to the rail, run the track motor car, excavate gravel while changing the excavated part of the roadbed, and use the cutter to remove the excavated gravel. A road bed excavation method characterized by conveying and discharging gravel to a gravel discharge section at the upper end of a cutter frame. Claim 2: A lateral movement mechanism, an elevating mechanism, an attitude control mechanism, and a turning mechanism for a cutter frame are arranged on a frame provided on the front side of the orbital motor car, and the lateral movement mechanism, elevating mechanism, attitude control mechanism, and turning mechanism are provided for the cutter frame. A cutter frame having a front substantially V-shape or a front substantially U-shape is installed horizontally on a mechanism, etc., a large number of cutters are provided around the entire circumference of the cutter frame so as to be able to rotate freely, and the curved portion of the cutter frame and the cutter is covered with a cover, The road bed excavator further includes a bottom plate and a side plate that surround the lower side of the cutter from the cover to the gravel discharge part at the upper end of the cutter frame, and the side of the cutter surface opposite to the cutter frame.