JPH04207911A - Electric brake controller - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance brake performance by applying a constant voltage from a battery in a tractor side retarder onto a trailer side volute rotating machine upon application of electric brake on the tractor side thereby producing a powerful brake force on the trailer side. CONSTITUTION:Upon application of electric brake onto a traveling vehicle, an operation mode setting circuit 41 delivers a power generating mode signal to a voltage applying circuit 26 and a predetermined voltage is applied from a battery 33 onto a field coil 25a in a rotating machine 25 for the driven wheel 13 of a trailer 1b. Consequently, an eddy current is induced in the rotating machine 25 which thereby produces electromagnetic force for electrically braking the driven wheel 13. According to the constitution, tractor 1a and trailer 1b of a traction vehicle 1 are simultaneously applied with electric brake.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electric braking control device for controlling electric braking of a tractor and a trailer in a system in which a towing vehicle in which a tractor is connected to a tractor is equipped with a retarder. .

[Prior Art] Conventionally, in a large towing vehicle in which a trailer is connected to a tractor, a retarder is installed in the drive system including the wheels in order to improve braking performance. It is known that electrical braking is performed by the electromagnetic conduction effect of the retarder.

Such electric braking systems are primarily based on robust vortex-type retarder structures.

In other words, an eddy current is generated in the rotating disk of the drive system by a magnetic field,
It has an eddy current type rotating machine configured to brake the wheels using electromagnetic force generated by this eddy current. When braking, a magnetic field is applied to the rotating machine from the generator on the tractor side to generate braking force.
The electrical energy generated by electrical braking is controlled so that it is released as is.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the conventional electric braking control system for tractors and trailers, although the structure and control are easy using an eddy current type rotating machine, Since the magnetic field applied by the brake changes to decrease during the braking process, a large electric braking force cannot be maintained for a long time, and therefore the braking effect is low. Furthermore, although a large amount of electrical energy is generated during electric braking, this is released and consumed, so that it is not possible to utilize the energy effectively by recirculating it.

The present invention was made in view of these problems, and its purpose is to improve the performance of electric braking by a retarder in a towing vehicle that connects a tractor and a trailer.
Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electric brake control device that can recover energy and use it effectively.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a towing vehicle in which a trailer is connected to a tractor, and an induction motor that is attached to the engine drive system of the tractor and capable of generating electricity and electric power. , an electric control device that controls the induction machine by at least electric braking;
Equipped with a retarder device that has a battery that charges the electrical energy generated by the induction machine, an eddy current rotating machine for electric braking is installed on the driven wheel side of the trailer. The present invention proposes an electric brake control device that connects the battery of the retarder device to the eddy current rotary machine on the trailer side so as to apply a constant voltage.

[Function] According to the configuration of the present invention described above, when electric braking is performed on the tractor side while the vehicle is running, the induction machine operates as a generator and performs electric braking, and when the electric braking is performed, the induction motor generates electric braking. Electrical energy is regenerated by charging the battery. At this time, voltage is applied from the battery to the eddy current rotary machine on the trailer side, and electric braking is performed at the same time.In this case, the voltage application is sufficiently performed using the energy regenerated on the tractor side. It becomes possible to generate and maintain strong braking force on the trailer side and improve braking performance.

[Example] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an electric braking control device for a towing vehicle in which a trailer is connected to a tractor according to the present invention, where 1a is the tractor of the towing vehicle 1, and lb is the trailer. The tractor 1a has a self-propelled drive system, and a flywheel 4 of a crankshaft 3 output from an engine 2 is connected to a transmission 7 via a clutch 5 and a λ blade shaft 6, and an output shaft 8 of the transmission 7 are the differential device 9 and the axle 10
It is connected to the left and right drive wheels 11 via. Further, the trailer lb towed by the tractor 1a only has left and right driven wheels 13 connected by an axle 12. When the trailer lb is connected to the self-propelled tractor 1a, the two can travel together using the driving force from the engine power of the tractor la. Note that the brake device of the service brake is attached to both the driving wheels 11 of the tractor 1a and the driven wheels 13 of the trailer 1b.

To explain the electric braking control system of the above-mentioned towing vehicle 1, the tractor 1a is equipped with a retarder device 21 capable of electric braking and auxiliary acceleration by regenerating energy.
A retarder device 22 capable of only electric braking is installed. The tractor side IJ tardage device/equipment 21 has a rotor coil rotary part 20b and a stator coil fixed part 20a on the flywheel 4 on the engine side, and is a squirrel cage type polyphase capable of operating a generator and an electric motor. An induction machine 2a is installed, and this induction machine 20 is connected to a battery 33 via an electric control device 30 so that energy can be regenerated. In the trailer-side retarder device 22, an eddy current type rotating machine 25 having a rotating disk 25b and a field coil 25a is mounted on the axle 12 of the driven wheel 13. The battery 33 of the tractor-side retarder device 21 is connected to the field coil 25a via a voltage application circuit 26 and a connection 27, and a voltage is applied to the field coil 25a using the power source of the battery 33 during electric braking. I'm in the middle of the day.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electric control system of the tractor 1a and trailer 1b. First, to explain the electric control device 30 on the tractor la side, the stator section 2Oa side of the squirrel cage induction machine 20 is connected to a battery 33 via an inverter circuit 31 and a capacitor 32, and the inverter circuit 31 generates a frequency voltage control signal. The inverter control circuit 40 has an inverter control circuit 40. A resistor 35 is connected to the output side of the inverter circuit 31 via a semiconductor switch circuit 34, and a switch control circuit 36 is connected to the semiconductor switch circuit 34.

In addition, as various human power information, the rotor part 20 of the induction 1120
a rotation sensor 50 that detects the shaft rotational speed N of b, and a voltage detection circuit 51 that detects the output voltage Eν of the inverter circuit 31.
, a temperature sensor 52 that detects the temperature t based on the current of the resistor 35, and an accelerator sensor 53 that detects the accelerator depression amount θ in conjunction with the accelerator pedal 11. Further, the driver's seat is provided with an electric brake switch 54 that is operated by the driver during deceleration and braking, and an auxiliary acceleration switch 55 that is similarly operated during acceleration.

The inverter circuit 31 has a plurality of switch elements connected between each phase terminal of the induction machine 20 and the positive and negative terminals of the battery 33. The switching element consists of a transistor and a diode connected in parallel in the opposite direction of the transistor, and by applying switching control signals sR and sr of a predetermined frequency to the transistor from the inverter control circuit 40, the sliding direction of the rotating magnetic field of the induction machine 20 is controlled. , change the amount of sagging,
Operates as a generator or electric motor of a given capacity.

The inverter control circuit 40 has an electric brake switch 54, an auxiliary acceleration switch 55, and an operation mode setting circuit 41 in which a signal of the shaft rotation speed N is input manually, and the power generation mode and the power generation mode are set depending on the relationship between the input state of the switch signal and the shaft rotation speed N. electric mode,
Set stop mode. Therefore, as a power generation control system, there is provided a braking torque calculation circuit 42 to which the power generation mode signal of the operation mode setting circuit 41 and a signal corresponding to the operation amount α of the electric brake switch 54 are input. The braking torque rtt is determined according to the amount α. The signals of the braking torque TB and the shaft rotational speed N are input to the rotating magnetic field delay control circuit 43, and the negative slip amount - x corresponding to the braking torque TB is determined, and the shaft rotational speed N is delayed by this slip amount - x. The control signal SR is converted into a control signal SR of the same frequency. Then, this control signal SR is output to the inverter circuit 31 to operate the induction machine 20 as a generator with a predetermined power generation capacity, and convert the AC voltage generated by the induction machine 20 into DC voltage, which is regenerated in the battery 33. It is.

In addition, as an electric control system, the operation mode setting circuit 41
It has a driving torque calculation circuit 44 in which signals of the electric mode, the accelerator depression amount θ, and the shaft rotation speed N are manually input, and the generated engine torque TP is calculated using the torque characteristics according to the accelerator depression amount θ and the shaft rotation speed N. The driving torque to be shared by the electric motor is determined. This driving torque TO1
The signal of the shaft rotational speed N is input to the rotating magnetic field advance control circuit 45, which calculates the positive slip amount er according to the drive torque TD, and generates a control signal S with a frequency that is advanced by this slip amount + er with respect to the shaft rotational speed N. , convert to Then, this control signal Sr is similarly outputted to the inverter circuit 31, and the induction machine 20
operates as an electric motor with a predetermined electric power, and provides supplementary driving force to the drive system of the engine l. In this case, the larger the accelerator depression amount θ and the generated engine torque TP, the more the drive torque T is shared by the electric motor. is greatly controlled.

The battery 33- is a device that regenerates and stores electrical energy generated during electric braking, and has a capacity ν that can be charged to the rated charging capacity in a short period of time and has no risk of over-discharging even when repeatedly discharged. is set to

Next, the charging and discharging control system for the battery 33 will be described. A charging control circuit 37 and a discharging control circuit 38 are connected to the battery 33. When the power generation mode signal from the operation mode setting circuit 41 is input, the charging control circuit 37 adjusts the terminal voltage E of the battery 33 to a chargeable voltage, and the inverter output voltage Ev is higher than the terminal voltage Eo of the battery 33. occurs, the battery 33
Supply current to and charge. When the electric mode signal is input, the discharge control circuit 3B generates a DC power supply voltage EM necessary to operate the induction machine 20 as a motor, and applies this voltage EM to the induction machine 20 during starting and acceleration.

The resistor 35 consumes electrical energy when the generated electrical energy is too excessive to be regenerated, and is set to a predetermined resistance value r.

Here, if the resistance value r of the resistor 35 is constant, the power consumption P of the resistor 35 exceeds the generator output W at a predetermined rotation speed or higher, and the inverter output voltage Ev decreases, causing the braking torque Tests have confirmed that it lowers TB. The semiconductor switch circuit 34, the switch control circuit 36, and the voltage detection circuit 51 described above are configured to control the braking torque T,
This is a resistance value control circuit that prevents a decrease in resistance.

Therefore, when the inverter output voltage Ev detected by the voltage detection circuit 51 exceeds the set value, the switch control circuit 36
An opening/closing control signal having a duty ratio corresponding to the shaft rotational speed N is output to the semiconductor switch circuit 34. Then, the semiconductor switch circuit 34 controls opening and closing of the circuit of the resistor 35, and the effective resistance value r of the resistor 35 is
= is increased to keep the inverter output voltage Ev approximately constant,
It is designed to greatly expand the braking possible range of braking torque T+t. In this way, the effective resistance value "5" of the circuit including the resistor 35 is controlled by opening and closing the semiconductor switch circuit 34, so that the value r of the resistor 35 itself is set to a small value.

Further, as a result of the test, it was confirmed that when electric braking is continued for a long time, the temperature t of the resistor 35 rises, the resistance value r increases, and the braking torque TB decreases accordingly. To prevent this, the signal from the temperature sensor 52 installed in the resistor 35 is input to the switch control circuit 36, and the duty ratio of the signal to the semiconductor switch circuit 34 is changed as the temperature t rises. Thus, the effective resistance value rs of the resistor 35 is controlled to decrease.

Next, the electrical control system on the trailer lb side will be explained.

First, the field coil 25a of the eddy current rotating machine 25 is connected via the voltage application circuit 26 etc. to the battery 33, which is controlled by the electric control device 30 on the tractor la side to regenerate and effectively utilize energy. Ru. The voltage application circuit 26 adjusts the power supply voltage of the battery 33 to always apply a constant voltage to the field coil 25a. Then, only when the power generation mode is set in the operation mode setting circuit 41, the power generation mode signal is transmitted to the voltage application circuit 2.
6 to apply a voltage to the field coil 25a.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. First, with the trailer lb connected to the tractor 1a, power from the engine 2 on the tractor side is input to the transmission 7 via the flywheel 4, clutch 5, and input shaft 6, and the transmission power is transmitted to the left and right drive wheels 11. By doing so, the tractor Ia travels. Then, by the driving force of the tractor la, the trailer 1b is towed while rotating the driven wheels 13 and travels together with the trailer 1b.

Therefore, when the driver operates the electric brake switch 54 in the event of dismounting the vehicle while traveling, the electric control device 30 on the tractor side is activated. That is, the power generation mode is selected in the operation mode setting circuit 41 of the inverter control circuit 40, and the braking torque T is set in accordance with the switch operation amount α in the braking torque calculating circuit 42. And the rotating magnetic field delay control circuit 43
A frequency control signal SR with a negative sagging amount -eR corresponding to the braking torque TB is input to the inverter circuit 31 to operate the induction machine 20 as a generator. As a result, the induction machine 2
0, the rotating magnetic field of the stator section 20a is the rotor section 2 of the drive system.
The rotation of 0b is forcibly decelerated to generate braking torque TB as shown in FIG. Therefore, the drive wheels 11 of the tractor 1a are directly braked by this braking torque TB, or the engine braking effect is increased and corrected, making it possible to appropriately brake or decelerate.

At this time, electric energy is generated in the stator section 20a of the induction machine 20 due to the operation of the generator, which is converted into a DC voltage by the inverter circuit 31, and the voltage is adjusted by the charging control circuit 37 to charge the battery 33. In this way, the electric energy generated by electric braking is effectively regenerated.

During this electrical braking, if the electrical energy is excessive, the semiconductor switch circuit 34 causes a predetermined current to flow through the resistor 35 according to the opening/closing control signal of the switch control circuit 36, thereby consuming the braking torque Ta. However, the excess amount is quickly dissipated, and alignment control is performed to prevent failures. Furthermore, in the case of excessive energy consumption by this resistor 35, when the resistance value r increases due to temperature rise, the effective resistance value rg is decreased by the switch control circuit 36, so as to maintain the matching control in an optimal state. Corrected.

On the other hand, when the driver operates the auxiliary acceleration switch 55 during acceleration by pressing the accelerator, the operation mode setting circuit 41 selects the electric mode. Then, the drive torque calculation circuit 44 calculates the drive torque TD shared by the electric motor according to the running state in this case, and based on this, the rotating magnetic field advancement control circuit 45 sends a frequency control signal S of the positive slip amount + er.
, or are input to the inverter circuit 31.

Furthermore, a predetermined DC voltage power source E is generated by the electric mote in a discharge control circuit 38 using a battery power source.

In this way, a voltage sufficient to electrify the induction machine 20 is applied to the induction machine 20, and a rotating magnetic field that is faster than the shaft rotational speed N is generated in the stator section 20a, and the induction machine 20 operates as an electric motor, as shown in FIG. A predetermined driving torque TD is generated as shown in FIG.

Therefore, the power of the drive system of the engine 1 is increased and supplemented by the drive torque T of the induction machine 20, and the electric energy regenerated to the battery 33 is effectively used to drive the vehicle as described above. Drive torque T of induction machine 20
Fuel consumption and exhaust gas are effectively reduced in proportion to D.

In addition to the above, the induction machine 20 is operated as an electric motor when the engine is started. Further, during steady running, the induction machine 20 is operated, for example, as a generator with a small power generation capacity to slowly charge the battery, and is controlled with emphasis on energy regeneration.

The effects of the electric braking and auxiliary acceleration described above are repeated indefinitely during deceleration, acceleration, and steady state during driving as long as the life of the battery 33 continues due to the regeneration of energy in the engine drive system. be.

On the other hand, during electric braking while the vehicle is running, the power generation mode signal from the operation mode setting circuit 41 is transmitted to the voltage application circuit 26.
Also, a predetermined voltage is applied from the power source of the battery 33 to the field coil 25a of the rotating machine 25 of the driven wheel 13 of the trailer 1b. Therefore, the driven wheels 13 are also electrically braked by the electromagnetic force caused by the eddy current generated in the rotary machine 25, and thus the tractor -la of the towing vehicle 1 and the trailer 1b are electrically braked at the same time. In this case, a constant voltage is continuously applied from the battery 33 to the eddy current rotary machine 25, consuming the battery power, but at this time, the battery 33 has no electricity due to the power generation mode control of the electric control device 30 on the tractor la side. Energy is continuously regenerated. Therefore, the regenerated energy on the tractor] a side is transferred to the trailer lb
Even if the vehicle speed decreases during electric braking, sufficient voltage continues to be applied to the rotary machine on the side of the trailer lb to maintain a large braking force and apply a strong braking action. become.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, in a towing vehicle in which a trailer is connected to a tractor, a retarder device for regenerating energy is attached to the tractor side, so that the regenerated electric energy can be effectively used. The eddy current rotating machine of the retarder device on the trailer side is connected to the battery that regenerates energy on the tractor side, making it possible to maintain a large braking force during electric braking, greatly improving braking performance on the trailer side. can do. Furthermore, by adapting an electric braking system to such a towing vehicle, its functions can be demonstrated even more effectively.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an embodiment according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the electric control system of the rotor device on the tractor side and the trailer side, and Fig. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing braking and driving torque. be. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Towing vehicle, la... Tractor, lb... Trailer, 21... Tractor side retarder device, 20...
・Squirrel cage multiphase induction machine, 30...Electric control device, 33・
...Battery, 25... Eddy current rotating machine, 26... Voltage application circuit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A towing vehicle in which a trailer is connected to a tractor, an induction machine installed in the engine drive system of the tractor and capable of generating electricity and electric power, an electric control device for controlling the induction machine by at least electric braking, and an induction machine. Equipped with a retarder device that has a battery that charges the electrical energy generated by the tractor, an eddy current rotating machine for electric braking is installed on the driven wheel side of the trailer, and when the tractor side is electrically braked, the retarder on the tractor side is An electric brake control device, characterized in that a battery of the device is connected to the eddy current rotary machine on the trailer side so as to apply a constant voltage.