JPH04198617A - Combustion apparatus - Google Patents
Combustion apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04198617A JPH04198617A JP32632590A JP32632590A JPH04198617A JP H04198617 A JPH04198617 A JP H04198617A JP 32632590 A JP32632590 A JP 32632590A JP 32632590 A JP32632590 A JP 32632590A JP H04198617 A JPH04198617 A JP H04198617A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flame
- measuring device
- combustor
- combustion
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、燃料供給量の制御に係り、特に高効率及び低
公害で使用するに好適な燃焼器に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to control of fuel supply amount, and particularly to a combustor suitable for use with high efficiency and low pollution.
従来の燃料供給量の制御装置を備えた燃焼器における燃
料供給量の制御を、ボイラーを例に取って説明する。燃
料供給量の制御は、■蒸気の温度、圧力に基づく制御、
■燃焼器内の火炎の温度、圧力に基づく制御、及び■、
■の併用により行われている。前記■の制御は、主にプ
ラントの効率向上及び健全性保持のため行われ、また前
記■の制御は、燃焼器の健全性保持のため行われる。前
記■の制御例を第９図に示す。計測された蒸気圧力Ｐ又
は温度と、予め設定された蒸気圧力Ｐ。又は温度の基準
値との差例えばＰ−Ｐｏに対する時間積分値が求められ
る。この時間積分値を基にボイラー内の新たな空燃比を
設定し直し、さらにこの空燃比により、燃料供給量及び
空気供給量の制御量を計算する。この制御量を基に、燃
料供給量を制御することができる。前記■の場合も、前
記■と同様に、計測された燃焼器内の火炎温度、圧力と
、予め設定された基準値との差に対する時間積分値によ
り、燃料供給量及び空気供給量の制御が行われる。（機
械工学便覧 改訂第６版（ＰＰＩ３−６７〜１３−７３
）参照）。Control of the fuel supply amount in a combustor equipped with a conventional fuel supply amount control device will be explained using a boiler as an example. Control of fuel supply amount is based on ■control based on steam temperature and pressure;
■ Control based on flame temperature and pressure in the combustor, and
■It is carried out in combination with. The control (2) above is mainly performed to improve the efficiency and maintain the health of the plant, and the control (2) above is performed to maintain the health of the combustor. FIG. 9 shows an example of the control described in (2) above. The measured steam pressure P or temperature and the preset steam pressure P. Alternatively, the difference between the temperature and the reference value, such as the time integral value for P-Po, is determined. A new air-fuel ratio in the boiler is reset based on this time integral value, and further, the control amounts for the fuel supply amount and air supply amount are calculated based on this air-fuel ratio. Based on this control amount, the fuel supply amount can be controlled. In the case of (2) above, as in (2) above, the fuel supply amount and air supply amount are controlled based on the time integral value for the difference between the measured flame temperature and pressure in the combustor and a preset reference value. It will be done. (Mechanical Engineering Handbook Revised 6th Edition (PPI3-67 to 13-73)
)reference).
従来の燃料供給量の制御装置を設けた燃焼器にあっては
、蒸気圧力の圧力、温度或いは燃焼器内の火炎の温度、
圧力及び空燃比に基づき、燃料供給量を制御できるよう
になっている。しかしながら、プラントの効率向上及び
健全性保持、或いは燃焼器の健全性保持には留意してい
たものの、燃焼器自身の効率向上或いは燃焼器から排出
される燃焼ガスの低公害化については、考慮されていな
かった。In a combustor equipped with a conventional fuel supply amount control device, the pressure and temperature of steam pressure or the temperature of the flame in the combustor,
The amount of fuel supplied can be controlled based on pressure and air-fuel ratio. However, although attention was paid to improving the efficiency and maintaining the integrity of the plant or maintaining the integrity of the combustor, no consideration was given to improving the efficiency of the combustor itself or reducing the pollution of the combustion gas emitted from the combustor. It wasn't.
本発明の目的は、火炎の燃焼速度を測定し、この燃焼速
度を基に、燃料供給量を制御することにより、高効率で
低公害に使用できる燃焼器を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a combustor that can be used with high efficiency and low pollution by measuring the combustion speed of a flame and controlling the amount of fuel supplied based on this combustion speed.
前記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る燃焼器は、燃料
供給量を制御する制御装置を備えた燃焼器において、火
炎を計測する計測装置と、該計測装置の計測値を用いて
前記火炎の燃焼速度を算出する計算機とを具備した構成
とする。In order to achieve the above object, a combustor according to the present invention is a combustor equipped with a control device that controls the amount of fuel supplied, and includes a measurement device that measures the flame, and a measurement value of the flame using the measurement value of the measurement device. The configuration includes a computer that calculates the combustion rate.
そして計測装置は、火炎の形状を計測するものである構
成とする。The measuring device is configured to measure the shape of the flame.
また計測装置は、火炎の流速を測定するものである構成
でもよい。Further, the measuring device may be configured to measure the flow velocity of the flame.
さらに計測装置は火炎の温度を測定するものである構成
でもよい。Furthermore, the measuring device may be configured to measure the temperature of the flame.
本発明の燃焼器によれば、火炎を測定し、かつその測定
値に基いて燃焼速度が算出される。According to the combustor of the present invention, the flame is measured and the combustion rate is calculated based on the measured value.
燃焼器の燃焼効率及びＮＯｘなどの有害ガスの発生は、
火炎の燃焼速度により支配される。燃焼速度は、未燃ガ
スが火炎面に垂直に入り込む速度で定義され、火炎の全
表面積を測定すると燃焼速度は次式で与えられる。The combustion efficiency of the combustor and the generation of harmful gases such as NOx are
Governed by the burning rate of the flame. The combustion speed is defined as the speed at which unburned gas perpendicularly enters the flame surface, and when the total surface area of the flame is measured, the combustion speed is given by the following equation.
Ｓｕ＝ （Ａｂ／Ａｆ）Ｕｆ−１） ” （１）こ
こで、Ｓｕは燃焼速度、Ｕｆはバーナーにおける未燃ガ
スの流速、Ａｂはバーナーの断面積、Ａｆは火炎の全表
面積である。（１）式中の（Ａｂ／Ａｆ）は、火炎の形
状、或いは流速、或ｂ）は温度を計測することにより求
めることができる６（１）式より計算した燃焼速度Ｓｕ
を基に、燃料供給量を制御することにより、燃焼器の高
効率化、及び低公害化がはかられる。Su = (Ab/Af)Uf-1) ” (1) Here, Su is the combustion rate, Uf is the flow rate of unburned gas in the burner, Ab is the cross-sectional area of the burner, and Af is the total surface area of the flame. ( 1) In the formula, (Ab/Af) is the flame shape or flow velocity, or b) is the burning speed Su calculated from formula 6 (1), which can be obtained by measuring the temperature.
By controlling the amount of fuel supplied based on this, higher efficiency and lower pollution of the combustor can be achieved.
本発明の実施例を第１図〜第８図を参照しながら説明す
る。Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.
第１図は、ボイラーを例に取った場合の、本発明の一実
施例を示す。第１図に示すように、給水タンク１と、脱
気器２と、給水加熱器３と、ボイラー４と、タービン５
と復水器６とよりなるプラントに、燃焼速度の計測装Ｗ
７と、計算機及び制御装置（計算機）８とを備えている
。給水タンク１から供給された水は、脱気器２を経て給
水加熱器３により加熱され、ボイラー４により蒸気化さ
れる。蒸気は、タービン５を回した後、復水器６を経て
水となり、給水タンク１に戻される。このような一連の
サイクルにおいて、燃焼速度の計測装置７は、ボイラー
４内の火炎の形状或いは流速成いは温度を計測し、その
信号を計算機８に送る。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention, taking a boiler as an example. As shown in FIG. 1, a feed water tank 1, a deaerator 2, a feed water heater 3, a boiler 4, a turbine 5
A combustion rate measuring device W is installed in the plant consisting of a condenser 6 and a condenser 6.
7, and a computer and control device (computer) 8. Water supplied from a water tank 1 passes through a deaerator 2, is heated by a feed water heater 3, and is vaporized by a boiler 4. After the steam rotates the turbine 5, it passes through the condenser 6, becomes water, and is returned to the water supply tank 1. In such a series of cycles, the combustion rate measuring device 7 measures the shape, flow velocity, or temperature of the flame within the boiler 4 and sends the signal to the computer 8.
計算機８は燃焼速度Ｓｕを（１）式により計算し、この
燃焼速度Ｓｕを基に、燃料供給量の制御を行う。The calculator 8 calculates the combustion speed Su using equation (1), and controls the fuel supply amount based on this combustion speed Su.
第２図は、燃焼速度を基に燃料供給量の制御を行う場合
の流れ図を示す。まず、計測装置からの信号により求め
られた燃焼速度Ｓｕと、予め設定された基準の燃焼速度
Ｓｕｏとの差５ｕ−８ｕ。FIG. 2 shows a flowchart when controlling the fuel supply amount based on the combustion rate. First, the difference 5u-8u between the combustion speed Su obtained from the signal from the measuring device and the reference combustion speed Suo set in advance.
に対する時間積分値が計算される。この時間積分値を基
にボイラー内の新たな空燃比を設定し、さらにこの空燃
比により、燃料供給量及び空気供給量の制御量を計算す
る。The time integral value for is calculated. A new air-fuel ratio in the boiler is set based on this time integral value, and further, the control amounts for the fuel supply amount and air supply amount are calculated based on this air-fuel ratio.
第３図は、第１図に示す計測装置７に光学撮影装置を用
い火炎の形状を計測し、燃焼速度を求めるようにしたも
のである。ボイラー本体９と、火炎１０と、光学撮影袋
Ｗ（計測装置１０１１と、バーナー１２とが示される。FIG. 3 shows a configuration in which an optical photographing device is used in the measuring device 7 shown in FIG. 1 to measure the shape of the flame and determine the burning speed. A boiler body 9, a flame 10, an optical photography bag W (measuring device 1011, and a burner 12) are shown.
光学撮影装置１１は、火炎１０を撮影し、その信号を計
算機８に送る。The optical photographing device 11 photographs the flame 10 and sends the signal to the computer 8.
計算機８は、画像処理により火炎面の表面積を計算する
。この火炎の全表面積Ａｆ及びバーナーロの面積Ａｂを
前記（１）式に代入することにより火炎の燃焼速度Ｓｕ
を計算する。The computer 8 calculates the surface area of the flame front by image processing. By substituting the total surface area Af of the flame and the burner surface area Ab into the above equation (1), the burning speed of the flame Su
Calculate.
第４図は、第１図に示す計測装置７に火炎の流速測定装
置を用い、火炎の流速により燃焼速度を求めるようにし
たものである。第４図では、流速測定装置として熱線流
速計を例に取り示した。In FIG. 4, a flame flow velocity measuring device is used in the measuring device 7 shown in FIG. 1, and the combustion velocity is determined from the flame flow velocity. In FIG. 4, a hot wire anemometer is taken as an example of the flow velocity measuring device.
熱線流速計（計測装置）１３により測定された流速の信
号は、計算機８に送られ、以下のように処理される。計
測した流速を時間平均量と時間平均量からの変動量とに
分け、変動成分をフーリエ変換し流速変動のスペクトル
を求めると、第５図に示すスペクトルＥ（ω）が得られ
る。ωは周波数を示す。乱流燃焼域では、フーリエ周波
数のある領域（ω□〜ω２）における流速変動のスペク
トルＥ（ω）は２（式）で与えられる。The flow velocity signal measured by the hot wire anemometer (measuring device) 13 is sent to the computer 8 and processed as follows. When the measured flow velocity is divided into a time-average amount and a variation amount from the time-average amount, and the variation component is Fourier-transformed to obtain a spectrum of flow velocity variation, a spectrum E(ω) shown in FIG. 5 is obtained. ω indicates frequency. In the turbulent combustion region, the spectrum E(ω) of flow velocity fluctuation in a certain region of Fourier frequency (ω□ to ω2) is given by Equation 2.
Ｅ（ω）＝ｄ・ω−′ ・・・（２）ここ
に、ｄ、βは定数である。計測値により求めた変動スペ
クトルよりβ、ω、及びω２を求めると、前記（１）式
中の（Ａｂ／Ａｆ）は（３）式のように求められる。E(ω)=d·ω−′ (2) where d and β are constants. When β, ω, and ω2 are obtained from the fluctuation spectrum obtained from the measured values, (Ab/Af) in the above equation (1) is obtained as shown in equation (3).
（Ａｂ／Ａｆ）＝ （ω２／ω ） ＋３−１＋／！・
・・（３）（３）式を（１）式に代入することにより燃
焼速度Ｓｕを求めることができる。(Ab/Af) = (ω2/ω) +3-1+/!・
...(3) By substituting equation (3) into equation (1), the burning speed Su can be determined.
第６図は、第１図に示す計測装！７に火炎の温度測定装
置を用い、火炎の温度により燃焼速度を求めるようにし
たものである。第６図では、温度測定装置として熱電対
を例に取り示した。熱電対（計測装り１４により測定さ
れた温度の信号は、計算機８に送られ、前記流速の処理
と同様に、以下のように処理される。計測した温度を時
間平均量と時間平均量からの変動量とに分け、この変動
成分をフーリエ変換し温度変動のスペクトルを求めると
、第７図のようなスペクトルＥθ（ω）が得られる。ω
は周波数を示す。乱流燃焼域では、フーリエ周波数のあ
る領域（ω□〜ω２）における温度変動のスペクトルＥ
θ（ω）は（４）式で与えられる。Figure 6 shows the measurement equipment shown in Figure 1! 7, a flame temperature measuring device is used to determine the combustion rate from the flame temperature. In FIG. 6, a thermocouple is taken as an example of a temperature measuring device. The temperature signal measured by the thermocouple (measuring device 14) is sent to the computer 8, and is processed as follows in the same way as the flow rate processing.The measured temperature is calculated from the time average amount and the time average amount. When the temperature fluctuation spectrum is obtained by Fourier transforming this fluctuation component, a spectrum Eθ(ω) as shown in Fig. 7 is obtained.ω
indicates the frequency. In the turbulent combustion region, the spectrum E of temperature fluctuation in a certain region of Fourier frequency (ω□~ω2)
θ(ω) is given by equation (4).
一声
Ｅθ （ω）＝ｄ・ω ・・・（４）こ
こに、ｄ、βは定数である。計測値により求めた前記物
理量変動スペクトルよりβ、ω、及びω２を求めると、
前記式（１）中の（Ａｂ／Ａｆ）は（５）式のように求
められる。One voice Eθ (ω)=d·ω (4) Here, d and β are constants. When β, ω, and ω2 are obtained from the physical quantity fluctuation spectrum obtained from the measured values,
(Ab/Af) in the above formula (1) is determined as in formula (5).
（５）式を（１）式に代入することにより燃焼速度を求
めることができる。The combustion rate can be determined by substituting equation (5) into equation (1).
第８図には、本発明の他の実施例として、燃焼速度と蒸
気の圧力、温度両方を計測し、燃料供給量を制御する燃
焼器に関する流れ図を示す。FIG. 8 shows a flowchart relating to a combustor that measures both the combustion rate and the pressure and temperature of steam to control the amount of fuel supplied, as another embodiment of the present invention.
まず、蒸気の圧力、温度に関する計測値と、基準値との
差に関する時間積分値を求め、燃焼器内の空燃比の制御
量を決定する。その後、燃焼器内の燃焼速度の計測値と
、基準値との差に関する時間積分値を求め、燃焼器内の
空燃比の制御量を決定する。空燃比の制御量の大きい方
を用いて燃料供給量の制御を行う。このような他の実施
例によれば、システム全体の効率向上、及び燃焼器の効
率向上及び低公害化を同時に実現することができる。First, the time integral value of the difference between the measured values of steam pressure and temperature and the reference value is determined, and the control amount of the air-fuel ratio in the combustor is determined. Thereafter, a time integral value regarding the difference between the measured value of the combustion speed in the combustor and the reference value is determined, and the control amount of the air-fuel ratio in the combustor is determined. The fuel supply amount is controlled using the larger control amount of the air-fuel ratio. According to these other embodiments, it is possible to simultaneously improve the efficiency of the entire system, improve the efficiency of the combustor, and reduce pollution.
本発明の燃焼器によれば、燃焼速度を基に燃料供給量を
制御することにより、燃焼器内の燃焼効率向上及び燃焼
ガスの低公害化を図ることができる。According to the combustor of the present invention, by controlling the fuel supply amount based on the combustion speed, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency in the combustor and reduce the pollution of combustion gas.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す構成図、第２図は本実
施例を用いた制御の流れを示す図、第３図は本発明の計
測装置に光学撮影装置を用いた他の実施例を示す図、第
４図は本発明の計測装置に流速測定装置を用いた他の実
施例を示す図、第５図は計測した流速より求めた流速の
変動スペクトルを示すグラフ、第６図は本発明の計測装
置に温度測定装置を用いた他の実施例を示す図、第７図
は計測した温度より求めた温度の変動スペクトルを示す
グラフ、第８図は本発明の他の実施例を示す図、第９図
は従来の技術を示す図である。
７・・・計測装置、８・・・計算機及び制御装置。
１０・・・火炎、１１・・・光学撮影装置（計測装置）
。
１２・・・バーナー、１３・・・熱線流速計（計測装置
）１４・・・熱電対（計測装置）FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a control flow using this embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment in which a flow velocity measuring device is used in the measuring device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a graph showing a variation spectrum of the flow velocity determined from the measured flow velocity. The figure is a diagram showing another embodiment in which a temperature measuring device is used as the measuring device of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a graph showing a temperature fluctuation spectrum determined from the measured temperature, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. A diagram showing an example, FIG. 9, is a diagram showing a conventional technique. 7...Measuring device, 8...Computer and control device. 10... Flame, 11... Optical photographing device (measuring device)
. 12... Burner, 13... Hot wire anemometer (measuring device) 14... Thermocouple (measuring device)
Claims (1)
いて、火炎を計測する計測装置と、該計測装置の計測値
を用いて前記火炎の燃焼速度を算出する計算機とを具備
したことを特徴とする燃焼器。 ２、計測装置は、火炎の形状を計測するものであること
を特徴とする請求項１記載の燃焼器。 ３、計測装置は火炎の流速を測定するものであることを
特徴とする請求項１記載の燃焼器。 ４、計測装置は火炎の温度を測定するものであることを
特徴とする請求項１記載の燃焼器。[Scope of Claims] 1. In a combustor equipped with a control device that controls the amount of fuel supplied, a measuring device that measures the flame, and a computer that calculates the burning speed of the flame using the measured value of the measuring device. A combustor characterized by comprising: 2. The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device measures the shape of the flame. 3. The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device measures the flow velocity of the flame. 4. The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device measures the temperature of the flame.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2326325A JP2691475B2 (en) | 1990-11-28 | 1990-11-28 | Combustor and combustion control method for the combustor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2326325A JP2691475B2 (en) | 1990-11-28 | 1990-11-28 | Combustor and combustion control method for the combustor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04198617A true JPH04198617A (en) | 1992-07-20 |
| JP2691475B2 JP2691475B2 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
Family
ID=18186510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2326325A Expired - Fee Related JP2691475B2 (en) | 1990-11-28 | 1990-11-28 | Combustor and combustion control method for the combustor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2691475B2 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63282265A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-18 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Ion beam sputtering device |
| JPH01269020A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for measuring flame speed |
| JPH02176548A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-09 | Suminoe Textile Co Ltd | Fire behavior detecting device |
-
1990
- 1990-11-28 JP JP2326325A patent/JP2691475B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63282265A (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1988-11-18 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Ion beam sputtering device |
| JPH01269020A (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for measuring flame speed |
| JPH02176548A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1990-07-09 | Suminoe Textile Co Ltd | Fire behavior detecting device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2691475B2 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |