JPH0419687B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0419687B2 JPH0419687B2 JP56058138A JP5813881A JPH0419687B2 JP H0419687 B2 JPH0419687 B2 JP H0419687B2 JP 56058138 A JP56058138 A JP 56058138A JP 5813881 A JP5813881 A JP 5813881A JP H0419687 B2 JPH0419687 B2 JP H0419687B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic capacitor
- present
- pulse voltage
- voltage
- nonlinear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Description
本発明はチタン酸バリウムを主成分とした強誘
電性磁器組成物よりなるパルス発生器の起動用非
線形セラミツクコンデンサに関するもので、誘導
性素子との結合により高電圧パルスを発生させる
ことを特徴としたものである。
従来からパルス発生器として誘導性素子とペロ
ブスカイト形構造を有する非線形コンデンサとか
らなる構造のものが知られている。このペロブス
カイト形誘電体素子はチタン酸バリウム、チタン
酸鉛などの多結晶固溶体が有効であることが知ら
れている。しかし高いパルス電圧が再現性よく得
られない。またパルス電圧のバラツキが大きいな
どの欠点を有しており、かつまた室温より少し温
度が高くなるとパルス電圧が急激に低下するなど
の致命的な欠点があり、実用上問題があつた。
本発明は高いパルス電圧が再現性よく、またパ
ルス電圧のバラツキが少なく、かつ広い温度範囲
で高いパルス電圧を有する非線形セラミツクコン
デンサを提供するものである。
すなわち、ペロブスカイト形結晶構造を有する
チタン酸バリウム固溶体にジルコニウムを含有さ
せ、V2O5、Ta2O5、Cr2O3のうち少なくとも一種
を0.5重量％以下添加することにより、広い温度
範囲で高いパルス電圧を再現性よく得られること
を見い出したものである。
以下、本発明を実施例に基づき詳細に説明す
る。
出発原料としてBaCO3、TiO2、ZrO2および
V2O5、Ta2O5、Cr2O3を第１表に示す配合比でも
つて計量し、水、メノウ玉石とともにポリエチレ
ンポツトで約16時間湿式混合し、濾過、乾燥して
調整原料を得た。これを1120℃で２時間仮焼し、
水中でボールミル粉砕を16時間行ない、濾化、乾
燥した原料に有機結合材を約3.0重量％添加して
顆粒状として、1ton／cm2の圧力にて直径16.0mm
φ、厚み0.65mmの円板状に成形する。次いで1400
℃にて２時間焼成して得られた磁器に12.0mmφの
銀電極を塗布し、800℃にて30分間焼付けして非
線形セラミツクコンデンサ用の素子を得る。この
ようにして得られたコンデンサ素子につき、誘電
率、tanδ、絶縁抵抗（IR）、パルス電圧の各電気
特性を測定し、その結果を第１表に示した。
The present invention relates to a nonlinear ceramic capacitor for starting a pulse generator, which is made of a ferroelectric ceramic composition containing barium titanate as a main component, and is characterized in that it generates high voltage pulses by coupling with an inductive element. It is something. BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, pulse generators having a structure consisting of an inductive element and a nonlinear capacitor having a perovskite structure have been known. It is known that polycrystalline solid solutions such as barium titanate and lead titanate are effective for this perovskite dielectric element. However, high pulse voltage cannot be obtained with good reproducibility. Furthermore, it has the drawbacks of large variations in pulse voltage, and also has fatal drawbacks such as a sudden drop in pulse voltage when the temperature is slightly higher than room temperature, which poses a practical problem. The present invention provides a nonlinear ceramic capacitor that has high pulse voltage with good reproducibility, has little variation in pulse voltage, and has high pulse voltage over a wide temperature range. That is, by incorporating zirconium into a barium titanate solid solution having a perovskite crystal structure and adding at least 0.5% by weight of at least one of V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , and Cr 2 O 3 , it can be used over a wide temperature range. It was discovered that high pulse voltage can be obtained with good reproducibility. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples. BaCO 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and
V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , and Cr 2 O 3 were weighed in the mixing ratio shown in Table 1, and mixed wet with water and agate stones in a polyethylene pot for about 16 hours, filtered, and dried to obtain the prepared raw materials. Obtained. This was calcined at 1120℃ for 2 hours,
Approximately 3.0% by weight of an organic binder was added to the raw material, which was milled in a ball mill in water for 16 hours, filtered, and dried, to form granules with a diameter of 16.0 mm at a pressure of 1 ton/cm 2 .
Form into a disk shape with a diameter of 0.65 mm and a thickness of 0.65 mm. then 1400
A silver electrode of 12.0 mmφ is coated on the porcelain obtained by firing at 800°C for 2 hours, and an element for a nonlinear ceramic capacitor is obtained by baking at 800°C for 30 minutes. The electrical properties of the capacitor element thus obtained were measured, including dielectric constant, tan δ, insulation resistance (IR), and pulse voltage, and the results are shown in Table 1.
【表】
第１表において試料番号３〜６、８〜10、12〜
15、17〜20、23〜25は本発明の範囲内を示し、試
料番号１、２、７、11、16、21、22は本発明の範
囲外を示した。
なお、第１表に示した電気特性の測定に際し、
容量（誘電率）、tanδは周波数1kHz、1Vrmsで測
定し、絶縁抵抗（IR）は100VDCを30秒間印加後
の値である。またパルス電圧は第４図の回路によ
り測定したものである。
実施例において、出発原料にV2O5、Ta2O5、
Cr2O3の酸化物を用いたが、炭酸塩、沸化物など
の化合物であつても同様の結果を期待することが
でき、V2O5、Ta2O5、Cr2O3の添加量は1.0重量
％を越えるとパルス電圧が低く、パルス電圧は螢
光灯点灯装置の最良条件下で約400Vあれば点灯
が可能であり、特許請求の範囲の限定条件とし
た。またV2O5、Ta2O5、Cr2O3を添加しない組成
物においても１〜14モル％固溶する系は良好な特
性を得られるが、Ta、Cr、Ｖの化合物を少なく
とも一種添加することにより、さらに安定で良好
な特性の磁器が得られる。
チタン酸バリウム固溶体（ABO3）において
Ａ／Ｂ比が1.0近傍が最もパルス電圧が高く望ましい
がＢ過剰の場合焼成温度を低下できるのは通常の
セラミツクコンデンサと同様であり、逆にＡ過剰
の場合磁器体の結晶粒径は少し小さくなり、磁器
体の機械的強度を増大させることができる。
本発明は上述のようにＡ／Ｂ比は1.0に限定するも
のではない。本発明の特徴はジルコニウムを１〜
14モル％固溶させた組成にTa、Cr、Ｖの化合物
を添加することにより、その優れた温度特性を損
うことなくパルス電圧を増大させる点にある。
本発明はBa（Ti1-x、Zrx）O3の多結晶固溶体
について説明したが、ペロブスカイト形結晶構造
を有する本組成においては、Baの一部にPb、
Sr、Caなど、またZrの一部にSnなどの固溶体成
分を置換しても同様な効果が期待できることは明
白である。
このようにして製作された本発明の非線形セラ
ミツクコンデンサを第１図のように誘導性素子１
と直列結合すると、第２図ロに示すようにパルス
波形が観測される。２は負荷抵抗、４は商用周波
数電源で、第２図イは商用周波数電圧波形図であ
る。
すなわち、本発明に係る非線形セラミツクコン
デンサは第３図に示すように良好な角形ヒステリ
シスを有し、電圧E0、−E0近傍で自発分極量であ
るD0の電荷が急変して充電電流が流れるが、電
圧がE0を越えてEsになると電荷量は飽和し充電
電流は流れなくなる。この充電電流のスイツチン
グ作用のために誘導性素子より逆起電力に相応す
る第２図ロのごとくパルス電圧が得られる。
第４図は本発明の非線形セラミツクコンデンサ
を用いた螢光灯の無接点起動用パルス発生器の回
路の実施例を示し、１は誘導性素子、３は本発明
に係る非線形セラミツク、４は商用周波数電源、
５は螢光灯、５1，５2は螢光灯フイラメント、６
はスイツチング回路で、スイツチング回路６によ
り第５図イに示すように非線形セラミツクコンデ
ンサに印加される電圧を調整すると、第５図ロに
示すように極めて高いパルス電圧を誘起し得るも
のである。
交流波形において、第５図イのEsのａ点にて
スイツチング回路６はOFFとなり、−Esの電圧に
なる前にｂ点にてスイツチング回路６はONにな
るようにすると、第４図の誘導性素子１と非線形
セラミツクコンデンサによる誘起電圧（Ｌdi／dt）
は第５図ロに示すように極めて高いパルス電圧を
発生させ得る。
第５図イにおいてＣ点でスイツチング回路を
ONした場合、負方向にパルスを発生するため、
ｂ点にてONする必要がある。また第５図ロの波
形が第４図の螢光灯の回路に印加された場合、破
線部分ｂ−ａは誘導性素子１と螢光灯５のフイラ
メント５1，５2のインピーダンスとなり、螢光灯
５のフイラメント５1，５2が加熱され、第５図ロ
のａ点のパルスにて放電が誘起され点灯するもの
である。
なお、パルス電圧および誘電率の温度特性は第
６図、第７図に示すごとく、従来の非線形セラミ
ツクコンデンサは高温度領域において高いパルス
電圧が得られず、また上限温度が30℃までと使用
温度範囲が狭く実用に耐えないものであつた。本
発明はこの上限温度を60℃〜80℃と拡大したもの
で、著しく使用用途の拡大ができるものである。
本発明に係る磁器組成を有する非線形セラミツ
クコンデンサは、従来から用いられている螢光灯
の点灯用に限らず、高圧パルスを必要とする、た
とえば都市ガス、プロパンガスの点灯装置、水銀
灯、ナトリウムランプなどの放電灯の点灯起動回
路およびその他パルス発生器などの広い用途が考
えられ有益なものである。[Table] In Table 1, sample numbers 3-6, 8-10, 12-
Sample numbers 15, 17-20, and 23-25 were within the scope of the present invention, and sample numbers 1, 2, 7, 11, 16, 21, and 22 were outside the scope of the present invention. In addition, when measuring the electrical characteristics shown in Table 1,
Capacitance (permittivity) and tan δ are measured at a frequency of 1 kHz and 1 Vrms, and insulation resistance (IR) is the value after applying 100 VDC for 30 seconds. Further, the pulse voltage was measured using the circuit shown in FIG. In the examples, starting materials include V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 ,
Although the oxide of Cr 2 O 3 was used, similar results can be expected with compounds such as carbonates and fluorides, and the addition of V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , Cr 2 O 3 If the amount exceeds 1.0% by weight, the pulse voltage will be low, and under the best conditions of a fluorescent lamp lighting device, lighting can be achieved with a pulse voltage of about 400 V, which is a limiting condition for the scope of the claims. In addition, even in compositions in which V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , and Cr 2 O 3 are not added, systems containing 1 to 14 mol % of solid solution can obtain good properties; By adding it, porcelain that is more stable and has better characteristics can be obtained. In barium titanate solid solution (ABO 3 ), the highest pulse voltage is desirable when the A/B ratio is around 1.0, but if there is an excess of B, the firing temperature can be lowered as in a normal ceramic capacitor; The crystal grain size of the porcelain body becomes slightly smaller, and the mechanical strength of the porcelain body can be increased. In the present invention, the A/B ratio is not limited to 1.0 as described above. The feature of the present invention is that zirconium is
By adding Ta, Cr, and V compounds to a composition containing 14 mol% solid solution, the pulse voltage can be increased without impairing its excellent temperature characteristics. In the present invention, a polycrystalline solid solution of Ba(Ti 1-x , Zrx)O 3 has been described, but in this composition having a perovskite crystal structure, a part of Ba contains Pb,
It is clear that similar effects can be expected by substituting Sr, Ca, etc., or a solid solution component such as Sn for a part of Zr. The nonlinear ceramic capacitor of the present invention manufactured in this way has an inductive element 1 as shown in FIG.
When connected in series, a pulse waveform as shown in FIG. 2B is observed. 2 is a load resistor, 4 is a commercial frequency power source, and FIG. 2A is a commercial frequency voltage waveform diagram. In other words, the nonlinear ceramic capacitor according to the present invention has good square hysteresis as shown in FIG. However, when the voltage exceeds E 0 and reaches Es, the amount of charge is saturated and charging current no longer flows. Due to this switching action of the charging current, a pulse voltage is obtained from the inductive element as shown in FIG. 2B, which corresponds to the back electromotive force. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a pulse generator circuit for non-contact starting of a fluorescent lamp using the nonlinear ceramic capacitor of the present invention, in which 1 is an inductive element, 3 is a nonlinear ceramic capacitor according to the present invention, and 4 is a commercially available pulse generator. frequency power supply,
5 is a fluorescent lamp, 5 1 , 5 2 is a fluorescent lamp filament, 6
is a switching circuit which, when the switching circuit 6 adjusts the voltage applied to the nonlinear ceramic capacitor as shown in FIG. 5A, can induce an extremely high pulse voltage as shown in FIG. 5B. In the AC waveform, the switching circuit 6 is turned OFF at point a of Es in Figure 5A, and the switching circuit 6 is turned ON at point b before the voltage reaches -Es, resulting in the induction shown in Figure 4. The induced voltage (Ldi/dt) due to the magnetic element 1 and the nonlinear ceramic capacitor can generate an extremely high pulse voltage as shown in FIG. 5B. In Figure 5 A, connect the switching circuit at point C.
When turned on, pulses are generated in the negative direction, so
It is necessary to turn it on at point b. Furthermore, when the waveform shown in FIG. 5B is applied to the circuit of the fluorescent lamp shown in FIG . The filaments 5 1 and 5 2 of the lamp 5 are heated, and a discharge is induced by the pulse at point a in FIG. 5B, causing the lamp to turn on. The temperature characteristics of pulse voltage and dielectric constant are shown in Figures 6 and 7. Conventional nonlinear ceramic capacitors cannot obtain high pulse voltage in the high temperature range, and the upper limit temperature is 30°C, which is the operating temperature. The range was too narrow to be practical. The present invention expands this upper limit temperature to 60° C. to 80° C., and can significantly expand the range of uses. The nonlinear ceramic capacitor having a ceramic composition according to the present invention can be used not only for lighting conventionally used fluorescent lamps, but also for lighting devices for city gas, propane gas, mercury lamps, and sodium lamps that require high-pressure pulses. The present invention is useful for a wide range of applications, such as lighting starting circuits for discharge lamps such as the above, and other pulse generators.
第１図は本発明の非線形セラミツクコンデンサ
のパルス波形測定回路、第２図は第１図における
波形図を示し、イは商用周波数電圧波形図、ロは
本発明の非線形セラミツクコンデンサの両端にか
かる電圧波形図、第３図は本発明の非線形セラミ
ツクコンデンサのヒステリシス特性図、第４図は
本発明の非線形セラミツクコンデンサを用いた螢
光灯の無接点起動用パルス発生器の一実施例の回
路図、第５図は第４図の回路により印加されるパ
ルス電圧波形図で、イは本発明の非線形セラミツ
クコンデンサに印加される電圧波形、ロは誘導性
素子により誘起された電圧波形、第６図は誘導性
素子により誘起された非線形セラミツクコンデン
サのパルス電圧の温度特性図、第７図は非線形セ
ラミツクコンデンサの誘電率の温度特性図であ
る。
Figure 1 shows a pulse waveform measurement circuit for the nonlinear ceramic capacitor of the present invention, Figure 2 shows the waveform diagram in Figure 1, A is a commercial frequency voltage waveform diagram, and B is the voltage applied across the nonlinear ceramic capacitor of the present invention. A waveform diagram, FIG. 3 is a hysteresis characteristic diagram of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a pulse generator for non-contact starting of a fluorescent lamp using the nonlinear ceramic capacitor of the present invention. 5 is a pulse voltage waveform diagram applied by the circuit of FIG. 4, A is a voltage waveform applied to the nonlinear ceramic capacitor of the present invention, B is a voltage waveform induced by an inductive element, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a temperature characteristic diagram of the pulse voltage of a nonlinear ceramic capacitor induced by an inductive element, and FIG. 7 is a temperature characteristic diagram of the dielectric constant of the nonlinear ceramic capacitor.
Claims (1)
Zrx）O3にバナジウム、タンタル、クロムの化合
物のうち少なくとも一種を酸化物に換算して1.0
重量％以下を含有してなることを特徴とするパル
ス発生器の起動用非線形セラミツクコンデンサ。1 Consists of polycrystalline material whose composition is Ba(Ti 1-x ,
Zrx) O3 containing at least one of vanadium, tantalum, and chromium compounds converted to oxide 1.0
A nonlinear ceramic capacitor for starting a pulse generator, characterized in that the nonlinear ceramic capacitor contains % by weight or less.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5813881A JPS57172715A (en) | 1981-04-16 | 1981-04-16 | Nonlinear ceramic capacitor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5813881A JPS57172715A (en) | 1981-04-16 | 1981-04-16 | Nonlinear ceramic capacitor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57172715A JPS57172715A (en) | 1982-10-23 |
| JPH0419687B2 true JPH0419687B2 (en) | 1992-03-31 |
Family
ID=13075620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5813881A Granted JPS57172715A (en) | 1981-04-16 | 1981-04-16 | Nonlinear ceramic capacitor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57172715A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51143895A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1976-12-10 | Tdk Corp | Dielectric ceramic composition |
| JPS5316899A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1978-02-16 | Nichicon Capacitor Ltd | Highhdielectriccconstant ceramic composition |
| JPS54110498A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-08-29 | Nec Corp | Porcelain composition having high dielectric constant |
-
1981
- 1981-04-16 JP JP5813881A patent/JPS57172715A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS51143895A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1976-12-10 | Tdk Corp | Dielectric ceramic composition |
| JPS5316899A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1978-02-16 | Nichicon Capacitor Ltd | Highhdielectriccconstant ceramic composition |
| JPS54110498A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-08-29 | Nec Corp | Porcelain composition having high dielectric constant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57172715A (en) | 1982-10-23 |
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