JPH0418723A - Growing process of semiconductor crystal - Google Patents

Growing process of semiconductor crystal

Info

Publication number
JPH0418723A
JPH0418723A JP12246690A JP12246690A JPH0418723A JP H0418723 A JPH0418723 A JP H0418723A JP 12246690 A JP12246690 A JP 12246690A JP 12246690 A JP12246690 A JP 12246690A JP H0418723 A JPH0418723 A JP H0418723A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
substrate
group
compound
crystal
cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP12246690A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kiyoshi Takahashi
清 高橋
Makoto Konagai
誠 小長井
Kenichi Otsuka
健一 大塚
Yoshitaka Morishita
森下 義隆
Masayuki Imaizumi
昌之 今泉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to JP12246690A priority Critical patent/JPH0418723A/en
Publication of JPH0418723A publication Critical patent/JPH0418723A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make the high quality crystal growth feasible on a substrate by a method wherein a compound semiconductor comprising VI group elements is crystal-grown on a VI group element processing layer containing the same VI group elements. CONSTITUTION:A substrate 2', before fitting to a substrate holder 1 of a growing system, is immersed in the solution of VI group element such as Na2S, (NH4)2S, (NH4)2Sx etc., at the ordinary room temperature not exceeding 20 deg.C for several minutes to several hours to form a VI group element processing layer 11 containing III-VI group compounds on the surface of the substrate 2'. Next, after fitting the substrate 2' to the substrate holder 1 of the growing system, Se, S and Zn are fed to the surface of the substrate 2' for specific hours respectively from an Se material cell 3, an S material cell 4 and a Zn material cell 5 at about 300 deg.C of the substrate 2' so as to form a II-VI group compound thin film 12 on the processing layer 11. Finally, while keeping the substrate 2' at about 300 deg.C, Se, S and Zn are fed to the surface of the substrate 2' respectively from the cells 3, 4 and 5 to form a specified VI group compound crystal layer 13 on the thin film 12.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は半導体結晶の成長方法に関し、特に■−■族
化合物゛46導体結晶が形成された基板表面−ト、への
■族元素を構成元素とした化合物半導体の結晶成長方法
に関する。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for growing semiconductor crystals, and in particular, to a method for growing a semiconductor crystal, and in particular, to a substrate surface on which a 46 conductor crystal is formed. This invention relates to a method for growing crystals of compound semiconductors as elements.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

青緑色発光デバイス材料や非線形光学材料として有望な
ものに、亜鉛カルコゲナイド等の■族元素を構成元素と
した化合物半導体がある。第2図は例えばJapane
se Journal orApplied Phys
icsVo128 NOl、2 P、I、2137−1
.2140(1,989)に開示された、従来の亜鉛カ
ルコゲナイドの結晶成長方法を示す説明図である。同図
において、2は基板ホルダ1上に装着された基板であり
、3.4及び5はそれぞれSe原料用セル、S原料用セ
ル及びZn原料用セルである。また、6は光照射用の光
導入ポートである。
Compound semiconductors containing group Ⅰ elements such as zinc chalcogenide are promising materials for blue-green light-emitting devices and nonlinear optical materials. Figure 2 shows, for example, Japanese
se Journal or Applied Phys.
icsVo128 NOl, 2 P, I, 2137-1
.. 2140 (1,989), which is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional method for growing crystals of zinc chalcogenide. In the figure, 2 is a substrate mounted on the substrate holder 1, and 3.4 and 5 are a cell for Se raw material, a cell for S raw material, and a cell for Zn raw material, respectively. Further, 6 is a light introduction port for light irradiation.

このような構成において、まず、基板2を成長系の基板
ホルダ1に装着し、該成長系を1O−8Torr程度の
真空度まで排気した後、基板ホルダ1を昇温し基板2を
500℃程度に一定時間保持して基板2の表面を清浄化
する。
In such a configuration, first, the substrate 2 is mounted on the substrate holder 1 of the growth system, and after the growth system is evacuated to a degree of vacuum of about 10-8 Torr, the temperature of the substrate holder 1 is raised and the substrate 2 is heated to about 500°C. The surface of the substrate 2 is cleaned by holding it for a certain period of time.

その後、基板2の温度が300℃程度になると、Se原
料用セル3、S原料用セル4及びZn原料用セル5から
それぞれSe、S及びZnを基板2の表面に供給するこ
とにより、基板2の表面上に亜鉛カルコゲナイドの結晶
成長を行う。この際、。
Thereafter, when the temperature of the substrate 2 reaches approximately 300°C, Se, S, and Zn are supplied to the surface of the substrate 2 from the Se raw material cell 3, the S raw material cell 4, and the Zn raw material cell 5, respectively. crystal growth of zinc chalcogenide on the surface of On this occasion,.

光導入ボーh 6から光を基板2表面に照射して結晶成
長の促進を図る場合もある。
In some cases, the surface of the substrate 2 is irradiated with light from the light introduction beam h6 to promote crystal growth.

なお、各セル3〜5からの原料の供給の開始、停止、再
開及び終了は、基板2と各セル3〜5との間に設けられ
た図示しないシャッターの開閉あるいはそれぞれのセル
3〜5の上流側に設けられた図示しないバルブの開閉に
よって行なわれる。
Note that the supply of raw materials from each cell 3 to 5 is started, stopped, restarted, and terminated by opening and closing a shutter (not shown) provided between the substrate 2 and each cell 3 to 5, or by opening and closing a shutter (not shown) provided between the substrate 2 and each cell 3 to 5, or by opening and closing a shutter (not shown) provided between the substrate 2 and each cell 3 to 5. This is done by opening and closing a valve (not shown) provided on the upstream side.

」1記原料の供給は同時に行っても、交互に行ってもよ
い。
” The raw materials mentioned in 1. may be supplied simultaneously or alternately.

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problem to be solved by the invention]

従来、亜鉛カルコゲナイド智の■族元素を構成元素とし
た化合物半導体の結晶成長方法は以上のように行われて
おり、単に基板2表面の洗浄処理の後、原料を供給して
結晶成長を行うものであるため、例えば■族元素を含ま
ない■−■族化合物21′導体結晶の表面を有する基板
のように、基板2の表面が必ずしも成長させようとする
■族元素を構成要素とする化合物半導体結晶に適したも
のとなっていない場合が多い。
Conventionally, the method for growing crystals of compound semiconductors containing Group I elements of zinc chalcogenide as a constituent element has been carried out as described above, in which crystal growth is simply carried out by supplying raw materials after cleaning the surface of the substrate 2. Therefore, for example, in the case of a substrate having a surface of a ■-■ group compound 21' conductor crystal that does not contain a group ■ element, the surface of the substrate 2 does not necessarily contain a compound semiconductor whose constituent elements are a group ■ element to be grown. In many cases, it is not suitable for crystallization.

この場合、成長させる■族元素を構成要素とする化合物
半導体結晶中に、基板2表面の結晶構成原子が拡散した
り、基板2表面の結晶欠陥か伝播したりして、生成され
る結晶の品質を劣化させてしまうという問題点があった
In this case, the crystal constituent atoms on the surface of the substrate 2 may diffuse into the growing compound semiconductor crystal whose constituent elements are group Ⅰ elements, or the crystal defects on the surface of the substrate 2 may propagate, resulting in the quality of the resulting crystal. There was a problem that it caused deterioration.

この発明は上記のような問題点を解決するためになされ
たもので、■族元素を構成元素とした化合物半導体の結
晶を品質良く得ることができる半導体結晶の成長方法を
提供することを目的とする。
This invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a method for growing semiconductor crystals that can obtain crystals of compound semiconductors containing group Ⅰ elements as constituent elements with good quality. do.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means to solve the problem]

この発明にかかる半導体結晶の成長方法は、■V族化合
物゛1″−導体結晶の表面を白゛する基板を準備するス
テップと、■族元素または■族元素を含んだ化合物によ
り前記基板表面に対1〜前処理を施し、前記基板表面上
にIIT−Vl族化合物を含んた■族元素処理層を形成
するステップと、前記■族元素処理層」二に■族元素を
構成元素と(〜だ化合物゛I′−導体の結晶成長を行う
ステップとを備えている。
The method for growing a semiconductor crystal according to the present invention includes the steps of: (1) preparing a substrate for whitening the surface of a group V compound "1"--conductor crystal; A step of performing a pre-treatment to form a group Ⅰ element treated layer containing an IIT-Vl group compound on the surface of the substrate; and a step of growing crystals of the compound "I'-conductor."

〔作用〕[Effect]

この発明においては、■族元素を含んだ■族元素処理層
上に■族元素を構成元素とした化合物゛I′。
In this invention, a compound ``I'' having a group Ⅰ element as a constituent element is placed on a group Ⅰ element treated layer containing a group Ⅰ element.

導体の結晶成長を行っているため、成長される化合物半
導体結晶中への基板表面の結晶構成原子の拡散や結晶欠
陥の伝播か■族元素処理層により阻11′、される。
Since conductor crystal growth is being carried out, the diffusion of crystal constituent atoms on the surface of the substrate and the propagation of crystal defects into the compound semiconductor crystal to be grown are inhibited by the group II element treated layer.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

第1A図〜第1C図はこの発明の一実施例である亜鉛カ
ルコゲナイドの結晶成長方法を示す説明図である。第1
A図において、2′は基板ホルダ1上に装着されたGa
 As基板等の■−v族化合物゛16導体結晶基板であ
り、3.4及び5はそれぞれSe原料用セル、S原料用
セル及びZn原料用セルである。また、6は光照射用の
光導入ボートである。
FIGS. 1A to 1C are explanatory diagrams showing a method for growing zinc chalcogenide crystals according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1st
In figure A, 2' is the Ga mounted on the substrate holder 1.
A 16 conductor crystal substrate of a group 1-V compound such as an As substrate, and 3.4 and 5 are a cell for Se raw material, a cell for S raw material, and a cell for Zn raw material, respectively. Further, 6 is a light introduction boat for light irradiation.

このような構成において、基板2′を成長系の基板ホル
ダ1に装着する前に、以下に述べる■族元素による前処
理を施す。
In such a configuration, before the substrate 2' is mounted on the substrate holder 1 of the growth system, a pretreatment with a group Ⅰ element described below is performed.

まず、N  S(硫化ナトリウム)、(NH4)2S(
硫化アンモニウム)、(NH4) 23X(多硫化アン
モニウム)等の■族元素(Se、STe等)を含んだ化
合物の溶液(水溶液または有機溶剤を溶媒とする溶液)
中に、例えば20°C以下の常温で、数分から数時間か
けて基板2′を浸すことにより、第1A図に示すように
、■−■族化合物を含んだ■族元素処理層]1を基板2
′表面上に形成する。
First, NS (sodium sulfide), (NH4)2S (
Solutions (aqueous solutions or solutions using organic solvents) of compounds containing group Ⅰ elements (Se, STe, etc.) such as ammonium sulfide), (NH4) 23X (ammonium polysulfide), etc.
By immersing the substrate 2' in the solution for several minutes to several hours at a room temperature of 20° C. or lower, for example, the group 2 element-treated layer 1 containing the group 1-2 compound is formed as shown in FIG. 1A. Board 2
'Form on the surface.

また、」1記した処理の代わりに、基板2′を成長系の
基板ホルダ1に装着した後に、Se原料用セル3あるい
はS原料用セル4から基板2′表面にSeあるいはS分
子線を照射し、さらにこの照射中あるいはその前後に、
基板2′及び■族元素の種類に応じて適当に基板2′を
熱処理することにより■族元素処理層]1を形成しても
良い。上記熱処理は、例えば、■族元素分子線照射後、
真空中において360℃で10分間の熱処理を行うもの
であってもよい。
In addition, instead of the process described in ``1'', after the substrate 2' is mounted on the substrate holder 1 of the growth system, the surface of the substrate 2' is irradiated with Se or S molecular beams from the Se raw material cell 3 or the S raw material cell 4. Furthermore, during or before or after this irradiation,
The group Ⅰ element treated layer] 1 may be formed by appropriately heat-treating the substrate 2' depending on the type of the substrate 2' and the group Ⅰ element. The above heat treatment is performed, for example, after irradiation with a group II element molecular beam,
Heat treatment may be performed at 360° C. for 10 minutes in a vacuum.

このような■族元素による前処理が終了すると、基板2
′を成長系の基板ホルダ1に装着しく」1記最初に述べ
た前処理の場合)、基板2′の温度を300℃程度にし
てSe原料用セル3、S原料用セル4及びZn原料用セ
ル5からそれぞれSe。
When the pretreatment with the group Ⅰ element is completed, the substrate 2
1.In the case of the pretreatment described at the beginning), the temperature of the substrate 2' is set to about 300°C, and the cells 3 for Se raw material, cell 4 for S raw material, and cell 4 for Zn raw material are attached to substrate holder 1 of the growth system. Se from cell 5, respectively.

S及びZnを基板2′の表面に所定時間供給することに
より、第1B図に示すように、基板2′の■族元素処理
層11上にII−VI族化合物薄膜12を形成する。に
記原料の供給は同時に行ってもよい]2、交互に行って
一原子層ずつ成長させてもよい。
By supplying S and Zn to the surface of the substrate 2' for a predetermined period of time, a II-VI group compound thin film 12 is formed on the group II element treated layer 11 of the substrate 2', as shown in FIG. 1B. The raw materials described in 2. may be supplied at the same time.] 2. The raw materials may be supplied alternately to grow one atomic layer at a time.

なお、n−Vl族化合物薄膜12形成時において、光導
入ボート6から成長系への光の照射は行わない。これは
光を照射すると■族元素処理層]1が分解または破壊さ
れる危険性があるからである。
Note that when forming the n-Vl group compound thin film 12, the growth system is not irradiated with light from the light introduction boat 6. This is because when irradiated with light, there is a risk that the group Ⅰ element treated layer 1 will be decomposed or destroyed.

このことは、II−Vl族化合物薄膜12上から波長が
5195人のアルゴンイオンレーサを照射してト°地の
基板2′表面からの発光強度を測定すると、発光強度か
時間とともに減少した(すなわち、■族元素処理層11
が変質した)という実験データからも確認されている。
This shows that when the II-Vl group compound thin film 12 was irradiated with an argon ion laser with a wavelength of 5195 and the emission intensity from the surface of the substrate 2' was measured, the emission intensity decreased with time (i.e. , Group ■ element treated layer 11
This has also been confirmed from experimental data.

そL2て、n−vr族化合物薄膜12形成後に、基板2
′の温度を300 ℃程度に維持し7て、Son原料用
セル3S原f4用セル4及びZ n原料用セル5からそ
れぞれSe、S及びZnを基板2′の表面に供給するこ
とにより、第1C図に示すように、■−vt族化合物薄
膜12上に所望の■族化合物結晶層]3を形成する。な
お、」−記原料の供給は同時に行ってもよいし、交互に
行って一原子層ずつ成長させてもよい。このとき、光導
入ボート6から成長系へ光を照η1 シて結晶成長の促
進を図ってもい。この場合、■−■族化合物薄膜12か
■族元素処理層11の光の保護M、!:L、て機能する
ため、光の照射により■族元素処理層11が分解または
破壊されることはない。なお、Zn5e/ZnS等、異
なる亜鉛カルコゲナイド層からなる多層構造の■族化合
物結晶層13を生成する場合は、各層の形成用の各種原
料の供給を断続的に行う。また、その構成層はZn S
、Zn Sc等のn−vx族化合物、CuGa、S、等
のi−m−■2族化合物に限らず、■族元素を構成元素
とした化合物であれば代用可能である。
L2, after forming the n-vr compound thin film 12, the substrate 2 is
' by maintaining the temperature at about 300°C and supplying Se, S and Zn to the surface of the substrate 2' from the Son raw material cell 3S raw material cell 4 and the Zn raw material cell 5, respectively. As shown in FIG. 1C, a desired group Ⅰ compound crystal layer] 3 is formed on the Ⅰ-vt group compound thin film 12 . Note that the raw materials listed in "--" may be supplied simultaneously or alternately to grow one atomic layer at a time. At this time, light η1 may be emitted from the light introduction boat 6 to the growth system to promote crystal growth. In this case, the light protection M of the ■-■ group compound thin film 12 or the ■ group element treated layer 11,! :L, so that the group Ⅰ element treated layer 11 will not be decomposed or destroyed by light irradiation. Incidentally, when forming the group II compound crystal layer 13 having a multilayer structure consisting of different zinc chalcogenide layers such as Zn5e/ZnS, various raw materials for forming each layer are intermittently supplied. Moreover, its constituent layer is ZnS
, Zn, Sc, etc., and im-m-2 group compounds such as CuGa, S, etc., but any compound having a group 2 element as a constituent element can be substituted.

このように、■族化合物結晶(■族化合物結晶層]3、
II−VT族化合物薄膜12)の成長に適合(2,た■
−■化合物を含んた■族元素処理層1−1土に、■族化
合物結晶を成長させるため、結晶品質の高い■族化合物
結晶を得ることができる。
In this way, group III compound crystal (group III compound crystal layer) 3,
Suitable for the growth of II-VT group compound thin films 12) (2,
- Since the Group 2 compound crystal is grown on the Group 1 element treated layer 1-1 soil containing the Group 2 compound, the Group 2 compound crystal with high crystal quality can be obtained.

なお、rr−vt族化合物薄膜12の代わりにInr−
vi2族化合物の薄膜を用いても良い。また、n−Vl
族化合物薄膜〕2は■族元素処理層11の光の保護用に
形成した膜であるため、必ずしもその結晶品質を高く【
−なくてもよく、また光照射を行わない場合はなくても
よい。
Incidentally, instead of the rr-vt group compound thin film 12, Inr-
A thin film of a vi2 group compound may also be used. Also, n-Vl
Since the group compound thin film] 2 is a film formed for the purpose of protecting the group III element treated layer 11 from light, it is not necessarily necessary to have a high crystal quality.
- It may be omitted, and may be omitted if light irradiation is not performed.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以−1−説明したように、この発明によれば、同じ■族
元素を含んた■族元素処理層上に■族元素を構成元素と
【7た化合物半導体の結晶成長を行っているため、基板
上に高い品質の結晶を成長させることができる効果かあ
る。
As explained above-1-, according to the present invention, since the crystal growth of a compound semiconductor containing a group Ⅰ element as a constituent element is carried out on a layer treated with a group Ⅰ element containing the same group Ⅰ element, This has the effect of allowing high quality crystals to grow on the substrate.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1A図ないし第1C図はこの発明の一実施例であるを
亜鉛カルコゲナイドの結晶成長方法を示す説明図、第2
図は従来の亜鉛カルコゲナイドの結晶成長方法を示す説
明図である。 図において、2′は■−■族化合物半導体結晶基板、1
1は■族元素処理層、12はn−vr族化合物薄膜、]
3は■族化合物結晶層である。 なお、各図中同一符号は同一または相当部分を示す。 代理人   大  岩  増  Mfi第1A図 1]゛■廐元春処理を 第1C図 第2 コ 才、♀許庁長宮殿 1.事件の表示 平 1.1月[2−122466 2、発明の名称 )16導体結晶の成長方法 3、補正をする者 5、補iEの対象 明細書の「発明の詳細な説明の欄」 6、補tト、の内容 (1)  明細書第4頁第2行及び第3行の「基板2表
面」を、「基板2」に訂正する。 (2)  明細書第5頁第18行の「Na25jを、r
Na2SJに訂正する。 (3)  明細書第5頁第19行の1(NH4)2SX
Jを、「(NH4)2Sx」に訂正する。 (4)  明細書第7頁第13行のr5195人」を、
r5145人」に訂正する。 (5)  明細書第8頁第3行の「所望の」を、「所望
の■族元素を構成元素とした化合物結晶層である」に訂
正する。 (6)  明細書第8頁第8行の「もい。」を、「もよ
い。」に訂正する。 (7)  明細書第8頁第19行の「このように、」を
、「このように、■族を構成元素とした化合物結晶であ
る」に訂正する。 以上
Figures 1A to 1C are explanatory diagrams showing a method for growing zinc chalcogenide crystals according to an embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional zinc chalcogenide crystal growth method. In the figure, 2' is a ■-■ group compound semiconductor crystal substrate, 1
1 is a group II element treated layer, 12 is an n-vr group compound thin film, ]
3 is a group II compound crystal layer. Note that the same reference numerals in each figure indicate the same or corresponding parts. Agent Masu Oiwa Mfi Fig. 1A 1] ゛■Regarding the handling of the matter in Fig. 1C Fig. 2 Kosai, ♀ Chief Minister's Palace 1. Display of case January 2001 [2-122466 2, title of invention) 16 Method for growing conductor crystal 3, person making amendment 5, "Detailed description of the invention column" of the subject specification of supplementary iE 6, Contents of Supplement (1) "Surface of substrate 2" in the second and third lines of page 4 of the specification is corrected to "substrate 2." (2) “Na25j, r” on page 5, line 18 of the specification
Corrected to Na2SJ. (3) 1(NH4)2SX on page 5, line 19 of the specification
Correct J to "(NH4)2Sx". (4) "r5195 people" on page 7, line 13 of the specification,
Corrected to 5145 people. (5) In the third line of page 8 of the specification, "desired" is corrected to "is a compound crystal layer containing a desired group (I) element as a constituent element." (6) "Moi." on page 8, line 8 of the specification is corrected to "moyoi." (7) "In this way," on page 8, line 19 of the specification is corrected to "In this way, it is a compound crystal containing group (■) as a constituent element."that's all

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)III−V族化合物半導体結晶の表面を有する基板
を準備するステップと、 VI族元素またはVI族元素を含んだ化合物により前記基板
表面に対し前処理を施し、前記基板表面上にIII−VI族
化合物を含んだVI族元素処理層を形成するステップと、 前記VI族元素処理層上にVI族元素を構成元素とした化合
物半導体の結晶成長を行うステップとを備えた半導体結
晶の成長方法。
(1) A step of preparing a substrate having a surface of a III-V compound semiconductor crystal, and pre-treating the substrate surface with a group VI element or a compound containing a group VI element, and applying a III-V compound semiconductor crystal on the substrate surface. A method for growing a semiconductor crystal, comprising: forming a group VI element treated layer containing a group VI compound; and growing a crystal of a compound semiconductor containing a group VI element as a constituent element on the group VI element treated layer. .
JP12246690A 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Growing process of semiconductor crystal Pending JPH0418723A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12246690A JPH0418723A (en) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Growing process of semiconductor crystal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12246690A JPH0418723A (en) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Growing process of semiconductor crystal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0418723A true JPH0418723A (en) 1992-01-22

Family

ID=14836553

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP12246690A Pending JPH0418723A (en) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Growing process of semiconductor crystal

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0418723A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6109408A (en) * 1997-01-29 2000-08-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Driving force transmission system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6109408A (en) * 1997-01-29 2000-08-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Driving force transmission system
US6315099B1 (en) 1997-01-29 2001-11-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Driving force transmission system
US6510932B2 (en) 1997-01-29 2003-01-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Driving force transmission system

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