JPH0417999B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to additives for propellants and fuels for improving combustion and quantitatively modifying the composition of waste gases or stack gases.

Not only recently, but now, as science has advanced further, society has come to the fore in various ways that waste gases or chimney gases from passenger cars, home heating, and industrial facilities are poisonous substances that circulate in water or in the air. It has come to be known that they emit harmful substances. First of all, we can mention so-called acid rain, which is not only a supporting actor but also the culprit in forest damage, and it is now established that it is also associated with erosion and decay. Nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides contained in exhaust gases are released during the combustion of hydrocarbon-based energy carriers and are further combined with air through oxidation to convert into nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides. It is now believed that they then combine with water to form nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid. However, not only nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides, but also non-combustible hydrocarbons thrown away by modern facilities and passenger cars together with exhaust gases, are aromatic polynuclear carbons, which are formed in part during combustion and are an active cancer-causing source. It is suspected that hydrogen is a burden on the environment. Many proposals have already been made to reduce the emissions of harmful substances from passenger vehicles and permanent facilities. In passenger cars, a problem is the provision of catalysts, which should inhibit the oxidation of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds of the propellant or reduce the oxides already formed; thus improving combustion and thereby reducing harmful Additives for propellants, such as methanol and ethanol, have already been proposed to reduce substances. Indeed, the installation and maintenance of catalysts and thus the conditional use of lead-free propellants is relatively expensive, and the use of alcohol as an additive for hydrocarbon propellants is also in no case sugar-free. The alcohols obtained from are also valuable only to the extent that they can be produced cheaply enough. Permanent facilities are equipped with filters that are supposed to remove hazardous substances mechanically or chemically, but even here, of course, the equipment and maintenance of filters of comparable size can be economically significant. care should be taken to generate expenditures.

Therefore, it remains the case that propellants and fuels can be produced with, on the one hand, the formation of hazardous substances in a carefully controlled manner and, on the other hand, at favorable prices that do not fundamentally increase the overall costs of operating passenger vehicles or facilities. There is a need for additives.

According to the invention, an additive for hydrocarbon-based propellants and fuels is proposed, characterized in that one of the components is an oxo compound of polycyclic terpenes, ie camphor, for example.

Quite surprisingly, it has now been possible to substantially improve the combustion of hydrocarbon propellants or fuels by the addition of oxo compounds of bicyclic terpenes, i.e. calan-, pinane- or camphuan derivatives, and thereby eliminate the corresponding harmful substances. It was confirmed that it is possible to reduce the generation of Oxo compounds of these terpenes are widely found in natural products, but the most prominent compound in this group of substances is, of course, camphor, which has been useful in medicine and industry for many years. Of course, camphor comes from the camphor tree Cinnamomum kanhora (Cinnamomum kanhora).
camphora) and in various other plants in the form of two optically active forms. Most of the camphor used is of course obtained synthetically in racemic form,
Namely, it is converted into isobornyl acetate by acid transfer of α-pinene under the formation of bornyl chloride, followed by hydrochloric acid decomposition under the influence of a base and the action of acetic acid. This compound is hydrolyzed to isoborneol and then oxidized to racemic camphor. Camphor has long been used medically as a central stimulant and a drug that increases blood flow. Camphor is used experimentally to determine molecular weight. However, very large amounts of camphor are used as a softening agent in the plastics industry. Camphor is therefore already produced today in large quantities and relatively cheaply, so that its addition to propellants and fuels is economically advantageous. Camphor is usually mixed in a ratio of about 1 part to 5 parts of white oil.
Added to energy carrier medium. This mixture is added at approximately 20 cm ³ per propellant or fuel;
In particular, the amount of camphor is about 0.2 to 0.6 g per 1 fuel. In the use of oxo compounds of other terpenes, approximately the same amounts are added as in the compositions of camphor and azulene, for example. Measuring the amount of harmful substances is
The same passenger car was operated once using propellant without additives and once using propellants containing additives, following the standard practice in Switzerland. The measurement results can therefore be directly compared. Addition of camphor in the suggested amount ratio resulted in a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. Hydrocarbons were less than 65 pct, nitrogen oxides were between 48-76 pct, and sulfur oxides were reduced similarly.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Nitrogen oxidation in the combustion gas of a fuel consisting of hydrocarbons from a petroleum source, characterized in that it contains an oxo compound of a multicyclic terpene in an amount of about 0.2 to 0.6 g per liter of fuel. Additive for reducing the content of sulfur oxides and sulfur oxides. 2. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the oxo compound of the multicyclic terpene is camphor.