JPS61235495A - Additive for propelling agent and fuel and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to additives for propellants and fuels for improving combustion and quantitatively modifying the composition of waste gases or stack gases.

Not only recently, but now, as science has advanced further, society has come to the fore in various ways that waste gases or chimney gases from passenger cars, home heating, and industrial facilities are poisonous substances that circulate in water or in the air. It has become known that they emit harmful substances. First of all, we can mention the so-called acid rain, which is not only a supporting actor but also the culprit in forest damage, and it has now been established that it is associated with erosion and collapse. Nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides contained in exhaust gas are released during the combustion of hydrocarbon-based energy carriers and are further combined with air through oxidation to convert into nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides. However, it is now believed that they then combine with water to form nitric acid, nitrous acid, sulfurous acid, or sulfuric acid. However, not only nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides, but also non-combustible hydrocarbons, which are sometimes thrown away by facilities and passenger cars together with the exhaust gases, include aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbons, which are formed in part during combustion, and which should be active carcinogens. This is suspected to be a burden on the environment. Many proposals have already been made to reduce the emissions of harmful substances from passenger vehicles and permanent facilities. In passenger cars, the problem is the provision of catalysts, which should inhibit the oxidation of the nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds of the propellant or reduce the oxides already formed; thus improving the combustion and thereby eliminating harmful substances. Additives for propellants, such as methanol and ethanol, have already been proposed. Indeed, the installation and maintenance of catalysts and thus the conditional use of lead-free propellants is relatively expensive, and the use of alcohol as an additive for hydrocarbon propellants is also in no case sugar-free. The alcohols obtained from are also valuable only to the extent that they can be produced cheaply enough. Permanent facilities are equipped with filters that are designed to mechanically or chemically remove harmful substances, but even here, of course, the equipment and maintenance of filters of comparable size requires considerable economic expense. Attention should be paid to the occurrence of

Therefore, additives for propellants and fuels that, on the one hand, drastically limit the formation of harmful substances and, on the other hand, can be produced at advantageous prices that do not fundamentally increase the overall costs of operating passenger vehicles or installations, remain. There is a need for agents.

According to the invention, an additive for hydrocarbon-based propellants and fuels is proposed, characterized in that one of the components is an oxo compound of polycyclic terpenes, ie camphor, for example.

Quite surprisingly, it is now possible to substantially improve the combustion of hydrocarbon propellants or fuels by the addition of oxo compounds of polycyclic terpenes, i.e. carane-pinane- or camphane derivatives, and to reduce the corresponding amount of harmful substances. It was confirmed that reducing generation kills. Oxo-compounds of these terpenes are found in a wide range of natural products, but the most prominent compound in this group of substances is, of course, camphor, which has been useful in medicine and industry for many years. Camphor, of course, occurs in the wood of the arrowroot tree Cinnamomum camphora and in various other plants in the form of two optically active forms. Most of the camphor used is of course obtained synthetically in racemic form, ie by acid transfer of .alpha.-pinene to form bornyl chloride and then to invinyl acetate by hydrochloric acid decomposition under the influence of a base and the action of acetic acid. This compound is hydrolyzed to isoborneol and then oxidized to racemic camphor. Camphor has long been used medically as a central stimulant and a drug that increases blood flow. Camphor is used in the laboratory to determine molecular weight. However, very large amounts of camphor are used as a softening agent in the plastics industry. Camphor is therefore already produced today in large quantities and relatively cheaply, so that its addition to propellants and fuels is economically advantageous. Camphor is typically added to the energy delivery medium in a mixture of about 1 part to 5 parts white oil. This mixture is added at approximately 20 cIIL3/l per propellant or fuel, with a particular camphor placement of 2-6 permil. In the use of oxo compounds of other terpenes, approximately the same amounts are added as in the compositions of camphor and azulene, for example. The measurement of the amount of hazardous substances was carried out according to the standard procedure in Switzerland, using the same passenger car and driving once with a propellant without additives and once with a propellant with additives. Ta.

The measurement results can therefore be directly compared. Addition of camphor at the suggested amount ratio resulted in a decrease in hydrocarbon emissions, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. Hydrocarbons are 65 pe
The reduction in nitrogen oxides was between 48 and 76 pct, and the reduction in sulfur oxides was also 5 pct.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) An additive for hydrocarbon propellants and fuels, characterized in that one of the components is an oxo compound of polycyclic terpenes. (2) The additive according to claim 1, wherein one of the components is a keto compound of polycyclic terpenes. (3) The additive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein one of the components is camphor. (4) A method for using an additive for hydrocarbon propellants/fuels in which one of the components is an oxo compound of a polycyclic terpene, wherein the amount of the additive is about 2-6 permil based on the propellant or fuel. /liter. (5) Claim 4, which is an addition to a lead-free propellant.
How to use as described in section.