US5090967A - Method and composition for providing an improved combustion in processes of combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds - Google Patents
Method and composition for providing an improved combustion in processes of combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5090967A US5090967A US07/547,323 US54732390A US5090967A US 5090967 A US5090967 A US 5090967A US 54732390 A US54732390 A US 54732390A US 5090967 A US5090967 A US 5090967A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- peroxide
- combustion
- liquid
- hydrogen peroxide
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 heterocyclic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003556 H2 SO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000002329 Inga feuillei Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000570 acute poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/1241—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof metal carbonyls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/1258—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof hydrogen peroxide, oxygenated water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07004—Injecting liquid or solid materials releasing oxygen, e.g. perchlorate, nitrate, peroxide, and chlorate compounds, or appropriate mixtures thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a method and a liquid composition which initiates and optomizes processes of combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds and by that reduces the content of injurious substances in the exhaust gases or discharges, at which a liquid composition containing a peroxide or peroxo compound is supplied to the air of combustion or the fuel-air mixture.
- the primary cause of impure exhaust gases and high energy consumption is insufficent combustion.
- the construction of the combustion process, the efficiency of the ignition system, the quality of the fuel and the fuel-air mixture determines how effective the combustion becomes and how much uncombusted and dangerous substances the gases contain.
- Different techniques are used for reducing the amount of the substances, for examples recirculation systems and the well known catalyst technique, which provides a combustion of the exhaust gases outside the actual combustion process.
- Combustion is the reaction of a substance with oxygen (O 2 ) with generation of heat.
- Substances like carbon (C), hydrogen gas (H 2 ), hydrocarbons and sulphur (S) generate sufficent heat for maintaining their combustion temperature while for example nitrogen gas (N 2 ) requires a supply of heat for being oxidized.
- each substance takes up a maximum amount of oxygen.
- the end products are CO 2 (carbon dioxide), H 2 O (water), SO 2 and SO 3 (sulphur oxides) and somewhat NO and NO 2 (nitrogen oxides, NOx).
- the sulphur and nitrogen oxides are responsible for a great deal of the acidification of the environment; they are injurious to inhale and especially the later steals energy from the combustion process.
- Petrol is a mixture of hydrocarbons from crude oil with a boiling point in the interval 40°-200° C. About 2000 different hydrocarbons with 4-9 carbons are contained therein.
- the detailed combustion process is very complicated also for simple substances.
- the fuel molecules are decomposed to smaller units, of which most are so called free radicals, i.e. unstable molecules which quickly react with for example oxygen.
- the most important radicals are the oxygen atom O: the hydrogen atom H and the hydroxyl radical OH. Especially the latter is of greatest importance for decomposing and oxidizing the fuel both through directly bonding to this and by removing hydrogen at which water is formed.
- M is another molecule for example nitrogen or a wall or a spark plug electrode with surface which the water collides. Since water is a very stable molecule a high temperature is required for the decomposition to take place.
- the better alternative is to add hydrogen peroxide which is decomposed in a similar way:
- NO and NO 2 are very poisonous compounds, about four times as poisonous as carbon monoxide. At an acute poisoning the lung tissues are injured. NO is a non-desired by-product of combustion. In the presence of water NO is oxidized to HNO 3 and contributes in this form to about half of the acidification, the other half being caused by H 2 SO 4 . A problem is that NOx can decompose ozone in the upper part of the atmosphere.
- SE-B-429.201 there is disclosed a liquid composition containing 1-10% by volume of hydrogen peroxide, at which the residual amount consists of water, aliphatic alcohol and lubricating oil and possibly a corrosion inhibitor, said liquid composition being supplied to the combustion air or the fuel-air mixture.
- the residual amount consists of water, aliphatic alcohol and lubricating oil and possibly a corrosion inhibitor
- said liquid composition being supplied to the combustion air or the fuel-air mixture.
- an insufficient amount of OH-radicals are formed for reaction both with the fuel and the CO formed.
- there is no self-ingnition of the fuel obtained at which the improvement of the combustion which is achieved as compared to the addition of only water is small.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved combustion and by that a reduction of the discharge of injurious exhaust gases in connection with combustion processes containing hydrocarbon compounds, by an improved initiation of the combustion and maintainance of an optimum and complete combustion under so favourable conditions that the content of injurious exhaust gases is strongly reduced.
- This has been achieved by the fact that to the combustion air or the fuel-air mixture there is supplied a liquid composition containing a peroxide or peroxo compound and water, at which a liquid composition is chosen which contains 10-80% by volume of the peroxide or peroxo compound.
- the hydroxyl radicals which are formed can on one hand react with themselves and on the other hand with the superoxide ions or with hydrogen peroxide. These reactions involve that in turn hydrogen peroxide, oxygen gas and hydroperoxide radicals are formed according to the following reaction formulas:
- pKa for the hydroperoxide radical is 4.88 ⁇ 0.10, which means that all hydroperoxide radicals are dissociated to superoxide ions.
- Superoxide ions can also react with hydrogen peroxide, with themselves or act as catchers of singlett oxygen formed.
- the coefficients of velocity for CO+OH ⁇ CO 2 +H has an unusual temperature dependence through its negative activation energy and high coefficient of temperature. It can be written 4.4 ⁇ 10 6 T 1 .5 exp(3.1/RT). The reaction velocity will then be almost constant about 10 11 cm 3 /mol.s at temperatures lower than 1000° K., i.e. all the way down to room temperature. At higher temperatures than 1000° K. the reaction velocity is increased sometimes. Thanks to this, reaction is the completely dominating for converting CO to CO 2 at combustion of hydrocarbons. The early and complete combustion of CO improves by that the thermal efficiency.
- H 2 O 2 is used which is dissociated at about 500° C. They have a life time of maximum 20 ms.
- the liquid composition is supplied so that there will be no chemical reaction, from the liquid container to the combustion room, i.e. decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen gas will not take place but the liquid will in intact condition reach the combustion directly or alternatively to a prechamber were a mixture of the liquid and the fuel is ignited outside the actual combustion room.
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is sufficiently high (about 35%) a self-ignition of the fuel can take place as well as maintainance of the combustion.
- the ignition of the liquid-fuel mixture can take place through self ignition or by contact with a catalyzing surface, at which spark plugs or the like are not required.
- the ignition can also take place through ignition with heat energy, for example a spark plug, glow body, open flame or the like.
- Admixture of an aliphatic alcohol to hydrogen peroxide can initiate self-ignition. Especially in pre-chamber systems this can be desireable, at which the hydrogen peroxide and the alcohol may not be allowed to mix before they reach the pre-chamber.
- the liquid composition can besides peroxide and water also contain up to 70% of an aliphatic alcohol with 1-8 carbons and up to 5% of an oil containing a corrosion inhibitor.
- the amount of a mixture of the liquid composition to the fuel can very from some tenth part of the percent liquid composition per amount of fuel up to some hundred %.
- the higher amounts are used i.a. for fuels which are difficult to ignite.
- the liquid composition is intended to be used in combustion engines and other combustion processes containing hydrocarbon compounds like oil, coal, biomass etc. in combustion furnaces for providing a more complete combustion and a reduction of the contents of injurious substances in the discharges.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
H.sub.2 O+M→H.+OH.+M
H.sub.2 O.sub.2 +M→2OH.+M
CO+O.sub.2 →CO.sub.2+ O: initiation 1)
O:+H.sub.2 O→2OH. branching 2)
OH.+CO→CO.sub.2 +H. propagation 3)
H.+O.sub.2 →OH.+O: branching 4)
______________________________________ Crude oil 0.65% Asphalt 2.30% Heavy oils 1.40% Light oils 0.07% Carbon 1-2% ______________________________________
H.sub.2 O.sub.2 +HO.sub.2 →HO.+O.sub.2 +H.sub.2 O
HO.+HO.→H.sub.2 O.sub.2
HO.+O.sub.2.sup.-.→.sup.3 O.sub.2 +OH.sup.-
HO.+H.sub.2 O.sub.2 →HO.sub.2.+H.sub.2 O
O.sub.2.sup.-.+H.sub.2 O.sub.2 →O.sub.2 +HO.+OH.sup.-
O.sub.2.sup.-.+O.sub.2.sup.-.+H.sub.2 O→.sup.1 O.sub.2 +HO.sub.2.sup.- +OH.sup.-
O.sub.2.sup.-.+.sup.1 O.sub.2 →.sup.3 O.sub.2 +O.sub.2.sup.-.+22 kcal
______________________________________ k = A exp(E/RT) Reaction A(cm.sup.3 /mol:s) E(kJ/mol) ______________________________________ n-C.sub.8 H.sub.18 + H 7.1:10.sup.14 35.3 + O 1.8:10.sup.14 19.0 + OH 2.0:10.sup.13 3.9 ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ SAAB 900i HCD Cold starting Warm starting Warm driving Idle running (road driving) __________________________________________________________________________ CO: -23% CO: -54% CO: -76% CO: -90% CO: -41% HC: +6% HC: ±0% HC: -7% HC: -50% HC: +8% NOx: -25% NOx: -12% NOx: -23% NOx: -15% CO.sub.2 : +33% CO.sub.2 : +4% CO.sub.2 : +5% CO.sub.2 : +3% __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________ VOLVO 760 Turbo Idle running Warm driving ______________________________________ CO: -73% CO: -54.3% HC: -18% HC: -2.3% NOx: -21% NOx: -8.3% ______________________________________
______________________________________ Test results: ECE 15.03 Idle running ______________________________________ Without hydrogen peroxide HC 4.3 g/test 340 ppm CO 70 g/test 0.64% NOx 4.8 g/test 92 ppm With admixture of a 35% HC 4.2 g/test 280 ppm solution of hydrogen per- CO 32 g/test 0.17% oxide NOx 4.4 g/test 73 ppm ______________________________________
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8502388A SE8502388L (en) | 1985-05-14 | 1985-05-14 | SET AND LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR OPTIMIZATION OF FUEL COMBUSTION TO ENGINES AND BOILERS |
SE8502388 | 1985-05-14 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07358365 Continuation | 1989-05-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5090967A true US5090967A (en) | 1992-02-25 |
Family
ID=20360219
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/547,323 Expired - Fee Related US5090967A (en) | 1985-05-14 | 1986-11-12 | Method and composition for providing an improved combustion in processes of combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5090967A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0333704B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2511089B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR897000157A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1024016C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE79392T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU609383B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8607369A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3686422T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK170226B1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI104508B (en) |
NO (1) | NO174301C (en) |
PT (1) | PT86122B (en) |
RU (1) | RU2027036C1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE8502388L (en) |
WO (1) | WO1988003550A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
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EP0976978A1 (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 2000-02-02 | Ueno, Shinji | Combustion method in combustion device |
US6739289B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2004-05-25 | Caterpillar Inc | Method and apparatus for providing a hydrogen enriched fuel to combustion prechamber |
WO2009086933A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-16 | Peter Jeney | Fuel composition on h2o2-basis, method for producing such a fuel composition and devices for its utilization |
US8810053B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2014-08-19 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient fuel consumption |
USD733052S1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2015-06-30 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
US9175601B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-11-03 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flex fuel field generator |
US9188033B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-11-17 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator and methods of use thereof |
US9909534B2 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2018-03-06 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Carbureted engine having an adjustable fuel to air ratio |
US10030609B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2018-07-24 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
USD827572S1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-09-04 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
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ES2056727B1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1995-05-01 | Adrian Jesus Ramirez | FORMULA AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF A UNIVERSAL CATALYST AND ECONOMIZER PRODUCT FOR HYDROCARBON POWERED ENGINES. |
CN1037695C (en) * | 1992-12-11 | 1998-03-11 | 张修智 | Fuel power saving additive containing organic peroxide, aromatic ester and hydrocarbon mixture |
DE19632179A1 (en) | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-12 | Ludo De Ir Clercq | Internal combustion engine with extended duty cycle |
US7744827B2 (en) | 2004-02-13 | 2010-06-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Catalytic treatment of fuel to impart coking resistance |
EP2049455A1 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2009-04-22 | Peter Jeney | Fuel on h2o2-basis and apparatus for its utilization as rocket fuel and fuel for rotor tip engines |
RU2551358C1 (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-05-20 | Хасан Амаевич Тайсумов | Aircraft fuel gel |
US9482192B2 (en) * | 2015-01-02 | 2016-11-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Stable combustion in spark-ignited lean-burn engine |
WO2016120723A2 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | Radical Combustion Limited | System and method for controlled compression ignition reactions |
RU2611542C1 (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-02-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Тольяттинский государственный университет" | Testing method on fuel mixture in heat ice evaluating of preparation and combustion processes perfection |
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- 1986-11-12 DE DE8787900301T patent/DE3686422T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1986-11-12 WO PCT/SE1986/000515 patent/WO1988003550A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0976978A1 (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 2000-02-02 | Ueno, Shinji | Combustion method in combustion device |
EP0976978A4 (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 2001-04-25 | Ueno Shinji | Combustion method in combustion device |
US6739289B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2004-05-25 | Caterpillar Inc | Method and apparatus for providing a hydrogen enriched fuel to combustion prechamber |
WO2009086933A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-16 | Peter Jeney | Fuel composition on h2o2-basis, method for producing such a fuel composition and devices for its utilization |
US20110002817A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2011-01-06 | Peter Jeney | Fuel composition on h2o2-basis, method for producing such a fuel composition and devices for its utilization |
US9188033B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-11-17 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator and methods of use thereof |
US9175601B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-11-03 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flex fuel field generator |
US9995248B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2018-06-12 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flex fuel field generator |
US8810053B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2014-08-19 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient fuel consumption |
US9450450B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-09-20 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for efficient fuel consumption |
USD733052S1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2015-06-30 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
USD794562S1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-08-15 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
US9909534B2 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2018-03-06 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Carbureted engine having an adjustable fuel to air ratio |
USD827572S1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-09-04 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Flexible fuel generator |
US10030609B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2018-07-24 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
US11274634B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2022-03-15 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
US11655779B2 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2023-05-23 | The Dewey Electronics Corporation | Thermal choke, autostart generator system, and method of use thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK388988D0 (en) | 1988-07-12 |
AU6739187A (en) | 1988-06-01 |
CN87107774A (en) | 1988-07-20 |
AU609383B2 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
PT86122B (en) | 1990-08-31 |
RU2027036C1 (en) | 1995-01-20 |
WO1988003550A1 (en) | 1988-05-19 |
SE8502388D0 (en) | 1985-05-14 |
KR950002348B1 (en) | 1995-03-16 |
FI104508B (en) | 2000-02-15 |
ATE79392T1 (en) | 1992-08-15 |
NO174301B (en) | 1994-01-03 |
NO174301C (en) | 1996-12-18 |
JPH02500443A (en) | 1990-02-15 |
CN1024016C (en) | 1994-03-16 |
FI892219A0 (en) | 1989-05-09 |
DE3686422T2 (en) | 1993-04-08 |
KR897000157A (en) | 1989-03-10 |
DK388988A (en) | 1988-07-12 |
NO882901L (en) | 1988-06-29 |
EP0333704A1 (en) | 1989-09-27 |
NO882901D0 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
BR8607369A (en) | 1989-10-03 |
FI892219A (en) | 1989-05-09 |
PT86122A (en) | 1987-12-01 |
DE3686422D1 (en) | 1992-09-17 |
SE8502388L (en) | 1986-11-15 |
EP0333704B1 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
JP2511089B2 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
DK170226B1 (en) | 1995-07-03 |
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