JPH0412465A - Cell structure for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell - Google Patents
Cell structure for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0412465A JPH0412465A JP2113573A JP11357390A JPH0412465A JP H0412465 A JPH0412465 A JP H0412465A JP 2113573 A JP2113573 A JP 2113573A JP 11357390 A JP11357390 A JP 11357390A JP H0412465 A JPH0412465 A JP H0412465A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ion exchange
- exchange membrane
- water
- cell
- reaction gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008214 highly purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池において用い
られるイオン交換膜への水の供給構造、および電池の冷
却構造に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a structure for supplying water to an ion exchange membrane used in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a cooling structure for the cell.
固体高分子電解質としてプロトン導電体であるカチオン
交換膜を用い、燃料として水素を、酸化剤として酸素を
用いた場合には、アノード電極及びカソード電極におい
て次の反応が起こる事が知られている。It is known that when a cation exchange membrane, which is a proton conductor, is used as a solid polymer electrolyte, hydrogen is used as a fuel, and oxygen is used as an oxidizing agent, the following reaction occurs at the anode electrode and the cathode electrode.
アノード電極
Ｈ２−＋ ２ Ｈ゛ ＋ ２０ ・
・ ・ （１）カソード電極
１／２０！ ＋２Ｈ” ＋２６−＋１１１０すなわち、
アノード電極では水素がプロトンと電子に解離し、発生
したプロトンはイオン交換膜中をカソードに向かって移
動、電子は外部の回路を通ってカソード電極に到達する
。（この時に発電が行われる）、一方力ソード電極では
、アノード電極よりイオン交換膜中を移動してきたプロ
トン及び外部回路より移動してきた電子と、系の外部か
ら供給された酸素とが反応して水を生成する、また、こ
の反応は発熱を伴うので、全体として水素と酸素から水
と電気と熱が発生する。Anode electrode H2-+ 2 H゛ + 20 ・
・ ・ (1) Cathode electrode 1/20! +2H" +26-+1110, that is,
At the anode electrode, hydrogen dissociates into protons and electrons, the generated protons move toward the cathode in the ion exchange membrane, and the electrons reach the cathode electrode through an external circuit. (Power generation occurs at this time.) On the other hand, at the power sword electrode, protons that have moved through the ion exchange membrane from the anode electrode and electrons that have moved from the external circuit react with oxygen supplied from outside the system. Water is produced, and since this reaction is exothermic, water, electricity, and heat are generated from hydrogen and oxygen as a whole.
固体高分子電解質型燃料電池が他のタイプの燃料電池と
大きく異なる点としては、電解質部分（イオンの導電体
）が固体高分子であるイオン交換膜で構成されている点
である。この種の燃料電池のイオン交換膜としてはパー
フルオロカーボンスルホン酸膜（米国、デュポン社製、
商品名ナフィオン）等が用いられるが、この膜がイオン
導電性を示すためには膜が充分吸湿して水和している必
要がある。もし、膜の水和が不十分であると、膜内部の
イオン導電性が低下し、その結果セルの内部抵抗が増加
して出力が低下することになる。A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell differs greatly from other types of fuel cells in that the electrolyte portion (ion conductor) is composed of an ion exchange membrane, which is a solid polymer. The ion exchange membrane for this type of fuel cell is a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane (manufactured by DuPont, USA;
Nafion (trade name) is used, but in order for this membrane to exhibit ionic conductivity, it must absorb sufficient moisture and be hydrated. If the membrane is insufficiently hydrated, the ionic conductivity inside the membrane will decrease, resulting in an increase in the internal resistance of the cell and a decrease in output.
燃料電池の運転中におけるイオン交換膜の乾燥を防ぐ方
法としては、たとえば米国特許第３，０６１．６５８号
に開示されているように、燃料ガスや酸化剤（空気）な
どの反応ガスに水を添加する方法が知られている。また
、別な方法としてはＪ 、 Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅ
ｍ、 Ｓｏｃ、１ ３ ５ ２ ２ ０ ９
（１９８８）に見られるように、反応ガスを加湿器に通
すことによって所定の吸湿状態に加湿、この加湿ガスを
セルに供給することによりイオン交換膜の乾燥を防ぐ方
法が知られている。As a method for preventing drying of the ion exchange membrane during operation of a fuel cell, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. There are known methods of adding In addition, as another method, J, Electroche
m, Soc, 1 3 5 2 2 0 9
(1988), a method is known in which a reaction gas is passed through a humidifier to humidify it to a predetermined hygroscopic state, and this humidified gas is supplied to a cell to prevent drying of the ion exchange membrane.
さらに別な方法としては、特開平１−３０９２６３号公
報に開示されているように、多孔質の電極基材−に水を
供給して、その凸部と接する電極触媒層を介してイオン
交換膜に水を供給し、かつセルを冷却する方法が知られ
ている。Yet another method, as disclosed in JP-A-1-309263, is to supply water to a porous electrode base material and pass the ion exchange membrane through the electrode catalyst layer in contact with the convex portions of the porous electrode base material. A method of supplying water to a cell and cooling the cell is known.
イオン交換膜としてカチオン交換膜を用いた燃料電池の
場合、カソード電極側に反応生成物である水が生成する
とともに、プロトンの移動にともない電気浸透によりア
ノード側からカソード側に運ばれる水が存在する。従っ
て、米国特許第３゜０６１．６５８号に開示されている
方法では、カソード側に過剰な水が供給されることにな
り、カソード電極に水膜が生成して反応ガスの透過を阻
害するために発電特性が低下するという問題が発生する
。In the case of a fuel cell that uses a cation exchange membrane as the ion exchange membrane, water is produced as a reaction product on the cathode side, and water is also transported from the anode side to the cathode side by electroosmosis as protons move. . Therefore, in the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,061,658, excessive water is supplied to the cathode side, and a water film is formed on the cathode electrode, inhibiting the permeation of the reaction gas. The problem arises that the power generation characteristics deteriorate.
さらに、Ｊ 、 Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍ、 Ｓｏｃ
、 １３５ ２２０９ （１９８Ｂ）に開示されている
方法では、上述の問題のほか、加湿器を必要とするとと
もに、ガス配管内で水分が凝縮しないように配管を保温
しておく必要があり、設備の構成が複雑化するとともに
、設備コストが嵩むという欠点がある。Additionally, J. Electrochem, Soc.
, 135 2209 (198B), in addition to the above-mentioned problems, it requires a humidifier and the piping must be kept warm to prevent moisture from condensing in the gas piping, making it difficult to install equipment. This has the disadvantage that the configuration becomes complicated and the equipment cost increases.
さらに、特開平１−３０９２６３号公報に開示されてい
る方法の場合、多孔質の電極基材に水を供給して、その
凸部と接する電極触媒層を介してイオン交換膜に水を供
給するために、前記凸部間に形成された凹溝に高圧で供
給される反応ガスの圧力よりも高い圧力で水を多孔質な
電極基材に供給する必要があり、水の加圧装置を必要と
する等の問題がある。Furthermore, in the case of the method disclosed in JP-A-1-309263, water is supplied to a porous electrode base material, and water is supplied to the ion exchange membrane through the electrode catalyst layer that is in contact with the convex portions of the porous electrode base material. Therefore, it is necessary to supply water to the porous electrode base material at a pressure higher than the pressure of the reaction gas supplied at high pressure to the grooves formed between the convex parts, and a water pressurizing device is required. There are problems such as.
この発明の目的は、カソード電極を過剰に濡らすことな
く、イオン交換膜に十分水を供給し、かつ加湿器や水の
加圧装置等の付帯設備を必要としない、冷却装置を兼ね
た加湿装置を備えた固体高分子電解質型燃料電池を得る
ことにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a humidifying device that also serves as a cooling device, which supplies sufficient water to an ion exchange membrane without excessively wetting the cathode electrode, and which does not require incidental equipment such as a humidifier or water pressurizing device. The object of the present invention is to obtain a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell equipped with the following.
上記課題を解決するために、この発明によれば、固体高
分子からなるイオン交換膜と、このイオン交換膜に接す
る面倒に電極触媒層を有するアノード電極及びカソード
電極との層状体からなる単位セル複数層が、前記一対の
電極との接触面に反応ガス通路となる複数の凹溝を有す
るセパレート板を介、して積層されたものにおいて、前
記イオン交換膜及びセパレート板の面積が前記一対の電
極より大きく形成されてなる拡張部分と、この拡張部分
に介装されたパッキングシートと、このパッキングシー
トを貫通して前記イオン交換膜に接するよう前記セパレ
ート板側に形成された凹溝を含む導水路とを備え、この
導水路に冷却水を供給するとともに、この冷却水により
前記イオン交換膜を水和させるよう形成してなるものと
する。In order to solve the above problems, according to the present invention, a unit cell is formed of a layered body of an ion exchange membrane made of a solid polymer, and an anode electrode and a cathode electrode having an electrode catalyst layer in contact with the ion exchange membrane. In a structure in which a plurality of layers are laminated via a separator plate having a plurality of grooves serving as reaction gas passages on the contact surface with the pair of electrodes, the area of the ion exchange membrane and the separator plate is the same as that of the pair of electrodes. A conductor including an expanded portion formed to be larger than the electrode, a packing sheet interposed in the expanded portion, and a groove formed on the separate plate side so as to penetrate the packing sheet and come into contact with the ion exchange membrane. A water channel is provided, and cooling water is supplied to the water conduit, and the ion exchange membrane is hydrated by the cooling water.
この発明の構成において、セパレート板の拡張部分に形
成した凹溝を含む導水路をイオン交換膜に接触させて冷
却水を供給するよう構成したことにより、各単位セルに
発電によって生成した熱を伝導によって冷却水に伝え、
燃料電池の冷却を行えるとともに、この水をイオン交換
膜に吸収させてイオン交換膜を水和させることが出来る
。また、拡張部分に介装したパッキングシートが加圧ガ
スが供給される電極と導水路とを気密にシールするよう
機能するので、導水路に供給する水に加える圧力を低く
抑えることが可能になる。In the configuration of this invention, the conduit containing the groove formed in the expanded part of the separate plate is configured to contact the ion exchange membrane and supply cooling water, thereby conducting heat generated by power generation to each unit cell. convey to the cooling water by
In addition to cooling the fuel cell, this water can be absorbed into the ion exchange membrane to hydrate the ion exchange membrane. In addition, the packing sheet inserted in the expanded portion functions to airtightly seal the electrode to which pressurized gas is supplied and the water conduit, making it possible to keep the pressure applied to the water supplied to the water conduit low. .
以下、この発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, this invention will be explained based on examples.
第１図はこの発明の実施例になる固体高分子電解質型燃
料電池のセル構造を模式化して示す断面図であり、単位
セル１は例えばナフィオンなどの固体高分子膜からなる
イオン交換膜２を挟んでアノード電極３およびカソード
電極４を設けた構造となっており、電極３．４に接する
側に反応ガスの通路となる溝５を有するセパレート板６
を配して単位セル１が複数層積層されることによりセル
スタックが形成される。セパレート板６はガス不透過性
の導電材からなり、この実施例の場合セパレート板６の
両面には反応ガス通路６となる複数の凹溝が同じ方向に
並んで形成される。また、イオン交換膜２およびセパレ
ート板６は一対の電極３．４の両側に輻Ｗだけ延長した
拡張部分ＩＡをもち、セパレート板６の拡張部分には反
応ガス通路５に平行に凹溝８が設けられる。さらに、拡
張部分ＩＡのセパレート板とイオン交換膜との間には溝
の部分に切りかき部９を有するバンキングシート７が介
装され凹溝８が切り欠き部９を介してイオン交換膜２に
接した導水路１０が形成される。なお、導水路１０を単
位セル１毎に有するセルスタックには、反応ガス通路５
および導水路１０の出入口側の側面に図示しないマニホ
ールドが取りつけられ、反応ガス通路にはアノードガス
およびカソードガスなどの反応ガスが供給され、導水路
には水が供給される。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the cell structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a unit cell 1 has an ion exchange membrane 2 made of a solid polymer membrane such as Nafion. It has a structure in which an anode electrode 3 and a cathode electrode 4 are sandwiched between them, and a separate plate 6 has a groove 5 that serves as a passage for the reaction gas on the side in contact with the electrode 3.4.
A cell stack is formed by stacking a plurality of unit cells 1 by arranging them. The separate plate 6 is made of a gas-impermeable electrically conductive material, and in this embodiment, a plurality of grooves forming the reaction gas passages 6 are formed in the same direction on both sides of the separate plate 6. Further, the ion exchange membrane 2 and the separate plate 6 have extended portions IA extending by a radius W on both sides of the pair of electrodes 3.4, and the extended portion of the separate plate 6 has a groove 8 parallel to the reaction gas passage 5. provided. Further, a banking sheet 7 having a notch 9 in the groove portion is interposed between the separate plate of the expanded portion IA and the ion exchange membrane, and the groove 8 is connected to the ion exchange membrane 2 through the notch 9. A contiguous water conduit 10 is formed. Note that in a cell stack having a water conduit 10 for each unit cell 1, a reaction gas passage 5 is provided.
A manifold (not shown) is attached to the side of the inlet/outlet side of the headrace 10, and reactive gases such as anode gas and cathode gas are supplied to the reaction gas passage, and water is supplied to the headrace.
このように構成した導水路に純度の高い水を循環させる
ことにより、この水は導水路内でイオン交換膜と接触し
てこの部分でイオン交換膜への水の補給が行われるとと
もに、発電によって生成した熱を除去する事が出来る。By circulating highly purified water through the water conduit constructed in this way, this water comes into contact with the ion exchange membrane within the conduit, and this part replenishes the ion exchange membrane with water, and also generates electricity. The generated heat can be removed.
また、電極３，４と導水路１０との間はパッキングシー
ト７によってシールされるので、反応ガス通路５に加圧
したガスを供給しても導水路側に反応ガスが漏れること
はなく、したがって導水路に供給する水の圧力を反応ガ
スの圧力と関係なく低く抑えることが出来る。なお、実
施例の場合には一対の電極を挟む反応ガス通路の方向を
同じ方向とした場合を例に示したが、互いに直交させる
よう構成してもよい。Furthermore, since the space between the electrodes 3, 4 and the water conduit 10 is sealed by the packing sheet 7, even if pressurized gas is supplied to the reaction gas passage 5, the reaction gas will not leak to the water conduit side. The pressure of water supplied to the water channel can be kept low regardless of the pressure of the reactant gas. In addition, in the case of the embodiment, a case where the directions of the reaction gas passages sandwiching the pair of electrodes are the same is shown as an example, but the configuration may be such that they are orthogonal to each other.
また、導水路をイオン交換膜２の両側に設けた例を示し
たが、いずれか−吉例に設けるよう構成してもよい。Furthermore, although an example has been shown in which the water channels are provided on both sides of the ion exchange membrane 2, the structure may be such that they are provided on either side.
第２図はこの発明の異なる実施例を示す断面図第３図は
セパレート板の要部を示す平面図であり、イオン交換膜
２およびセパレート板６の拡張部分１１を電極を包囲す
る額縁状に形成し、この部分に口字状の凹溝１８を含む
導水路２０を形成した点が前述の実施例と異なっている
。なおパッキングシート１７も口字状の２枚のシート１
７Ａ１７Ｂで構成され、導水路２０には水１９の出入口
２ＯＡが設けられるとともに、反応ガス通路５０両端に
はセパレート板を沿層方向に貫通する出入口５Ａおよび
５Ｂが設けられる。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a different embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the main parts of the separate plate. This differs from the previous embodiment in that a conduit 20 including a mouth-shaped groove 18 is formed in this portion. In addition, the packing sheet 17 also has two sheets 1 in the shape of a mouth.
7A17B, the water conduit 20 is provided with an inlet/outlet 2OA for the water 19, and the reactant gas passage 50 is provided with inlet/outlets 5A and 5B at both ends that penetrate the separate plate in the longitudinal direction.
このように導水路２０を口字状に構成したことにより、
水１９とイオン交換膜２との接触面積が広がるので、イ
オン交換膜への水の供給およびセルの冷却をより効率よ
く行うことが出来る。By configuring the headrace 20 in this way,
Since the contact area between the water 19 and the ion exchange membrane 2 is expanded, water can be supplied to the ion exchange membrane and the cell can be cooled more efficiently.
第４図はこの発明の他の実施例を示すセパレート板の平
面図であり、電極面積が広い大容量の燃料電池を対象に
構成されたものである。図において、アノード電極およ
びカソード電極は四つの部分３４Ａ、３４Ｂ、３４Ｃ，
３４Ｄ、に分割されており、それぞれの電極を包囲する
口字状のバンキングシート２７．Ａ相互間、またはこれ
と全体を包囲する口字状のパッキングシート２７Ｂとの
あいだに格子状の導水路３０を形成した点が前述の実施
例と異なっている。このように、燃料電池の大型イζに
対応して格子の数を増すことにより、イオン交換膜と水
の接触面積が増加するので、イオン交換膜への水の供給
および冷却を効率よく行うことが出来る。FIG. 4 is a plan view of a separate plate showing another embodiment of the present invention, which is constructed for a large capacity fuel cell with a large electrode area. In the figure, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are divided into four parts 34A, 34B, 34C,
34D, and a mouth-shaped banking sheet 27. that surrounds each electrode. This embodiment differs from the previous embodiment in that a lattice-shaped water conduit 30 is formed between each A or between this and the opening-shaped packing sheet 27B that surrounds the entire structure. In this way, by increasing the number of grids to accommodate the large size of the fuel cell, the contact area between the ion exchange membrane and water increases, making it possible to efficiently supply and cool water to the ion exchange membrane. I can do it.
この発明は前述のように、イオン交換膜とセパレート板
の拡張部分にセパレート板側の凹溝とパッキングシート
とにより画成された導水路を設けるよう構成した。その
結果、導水路に純度の高い水を通流する事によってイオ
ン交換膜に水を供給し、イオン交換膜のイオン導電性を
保持出来るとともに、燃料電池の冷却を行うことが出来
る。As described above, the present invention is configured such that the expanded portion of the ion exchange membrane and the separate plate is provided with a water conduit defined by the groove on the separate plate side and the packing sheet. As a result, by passing highly purified water through the water conduit, water can be supplied to the ion exchange membrane, the ionic conductivity of the ion exchange membrane can be maintained, and the fuel cell can be cooled.
また、反応ガスを加湿する方式の従来技術で必要とした
加湿器や配管の保温設備などを必要とせず、かつ導水路
と電極との間がバンキングシートによってシールされて
いるので、高圧下での燃料電池の運転においても水を加
圧する必要はなく水の加圧装置を必要としないか、ある
いは簡素化することができる。In addition, there is no need for humidifiers or piping insulation equipment, which were required in conventional techniques that humidify reaction gases, and since the space between the conduit and the electrode is sealed with a banking sheet, it can be used under high pressure. There is no need to pressurize water in the operation of the fuel cell, and a water pressurizing device is not required or can be simplified.
さらに、導水路を流れる水がイオン交換膜に直接接触し
て水を補給するので、電極の基材を介して水を供給する
従来の技術に比べてイオン交換膜への水の浸透が確実に
なるとともに、電極基材が水に濡れすぎることによる反
応ガスの供給障害をも防止することが出来る。したがっ
てこの発明によれば、反応ガスの供給障害を伴うこと無
くイオン交換膜への水の補給と燃料電池の冷却を、開票
化した装置によって行えるセル構造を有する固体高分子
電解質型燃料電池を経済的にも有利に提供することがで
きる。Furthermore, since the water flowing through the conduit directly contacts the ion exchange membrane to replenish the water, water permeation into the ion exchange membrane is more reliable than with conventional techniques that supply water through the electrode base material. At the same time, it is also possible to prevent problems in supplying the reactive gas due to the electrode base material becoming too wet with water. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to economically provide a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a cell structure that allows replenishment of water to the ion exchange membrane and cooling of the fuel cell using a gated device without causing any disturbance in the supply of reactant gas. It can also be advantageously provided.
第１図はこの発明の実施例になる固体高分子電解質型燃
料電池のセル構造を模式化して示す断面図、第２図はこ
の発明の異なる実施例を示す断面図、第３図は第２図に
おけるセパレート板の要部を示す平面図、第４図はこの
発明の他の実施例を示すセパレート板の平面図である。
１：単位セル、２：イオン交換膜、３ニアノード電極、
４：カソード電極、５：反応ガス通路、６．２６：セパ
レート板、７．２７＝バツキングシート、８．１８：凹
溝、９：切り欠き部、ｌＡｌ１：拡張部分、１０，２０
，３０：導水路、１８：反応ガス、１９：水、３４Ａ、
３４Ｂ。
乙セハ５−ト木（
第１靭
第２図FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the cell structure of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a different embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a separate plate showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1: unit cell, 2: ion exchange membrane, 3 near anode electrode,
4: Cathode electrode, 5: Reaction gas passage, 6.26: Separate plate, 7.27 = Bucking sheet, 8.18: Concave groove, 9: Notch, lAl1: Expanded portion, 10, 20
, 30: headrace, 18: reaction gas, 19: water, 34A,
34B. Otsuseha 5-to tree (1st part 2nd figure
Claims (1)
換膜に接する面側に電極触媒層を有するアノード電極及
びカソード電極との層状体からなる単位セル複数層が、
前記一対の電極との接触面に反応ガス通路となる複数の
凹溝を有するセパレート板を介して積層されたものにお
いて、前記イオン交換膜及びセパレート板の面積が前記
一対の電極より大きく形成されてなる拡張部分と、この
拡張部分に介装されたパッキングシートと、このパッキ
ングシートを貫通して前記イオン交換膜に接するよう前
記セパレート板側に形成された凹溝を含む導水路とを備
え、この導水路に冷却水を供給するとともに、この冷却
水により前記イオン交換膜を水和させるよう形成してな
ることを特徴とする固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル
構造。1) A unit cell with multiple layers consisting of a layered body of an ion exchange membrane made of a solid polymer, an anode electrode and a cathode electrode having an electrode catalyst layer on the side in contact with the ion exchange membrane,
The ion exchange membrane and the separator plate are laminated through a separate plate having a plurality of grooves serving as reaction gas passages on the contact surface with the pair of electrodes, and the area of the ion exchange membrane and the separate plate is larger than that of the pair of electrodes. a packing sheet interposed in the expanded portion; and a conduit including a concave groove formed on the separate plate side so as to penetrate the packing sheet and come into contact with the ion exchange membrane. 1. A cell structure for a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell, characterized in that cooling water is supplied to a water conduit and the ion exchange membrane is hydrated by the cooling water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2113573A JPH0412465A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | Cell structure for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2113573A JPH0412465A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | Cell structure for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0412465A true JPH0412465A (en) | 1992-01-17 |
Family
ID=14615667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2113573A Pending JPH0412465A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | Cell structure for solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0412465A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0774794A1 (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-21 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Integrated seal for fuel cell with polymeric electrolyte |
| WO2000010215A1 (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-02-24 | Axiva Gmbh | Fuel cell with improved long-term performance, method for operating a pme fuel cell and pme fuel cell battery |
| WO1999057778A3 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2000-03-02 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Method for wetting at least one of the surfaces of an electrolyte in a fuel cell |
| US6869719B2 (en) | 1998-06-02 | 2005-03-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack |
| WO2006070892A1 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell and fuel cell stack provided with this |
| JP2009281982A (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2009-12-03 | Riken Keiki Co Ltd | Portable gas alarm unit |
| JP2013045699A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-03-04 | Sharp Corp | Alkaline fuel cell |
| US9190678B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2015-11-17 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Alkaline fuel cell and alkaline fuel cell system |
-
1990
- 1990-04-27 JP JP2113573A patent/JPH0412465A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5928807A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1999-07-27 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Integrated seal for a PEM fuel cell |
| EP0774794A1 (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-21 | Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft | Integrated seal for fuel cell with polymeric electrolyte |
| US6630258B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2003-10-07 | Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Process for wetting at least one of the surfaces of an electrolyte in a fuel cell |
| WO1999057778A3 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2000-03-02 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Method for wetting at least one of the surfaces of an electrolyte in a fuel cell |
| US6869719B2 (en) | 1998-06-02 | 2005-03-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack |
| US6852440B1 (en) | 1998-08-10 | 2005-02-08 | Axiva Gmbh | Fuel cell with improved long term performance, method for operating a PME fuel cell and PME fuel cell battery |
| JP2002533869A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2002-10-08 | セラニーズ・ヴェンチャーズ・ゲーエムベーハー | PEM fuel cell with improved long-term performance, method of operating PEM fuel cell, and PEM fuel cell storage battery |
| WO2000010215A1 (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-02-24 | Axiva Gmbh | Fuel cell with improved long-term performance, method for operating a pme fuel cell and pme fuel cell battery |
| WO2006070892A1 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell and fuel cell stack provided with this |
| US8278007B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2012-10-02 | Panasonic Corporation | Fuel cell and fuel cell stack comprising the same |
| JP2009281982A (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2009-12-03 | Riken Keiki Co Ltd | Portable gas alarm unit |
| JP4691579B2 (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2011-06-01 | 理研計器株式会社 | Portable gas alarm |
| JP2013045699A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2013-03-04 | Sharp Corp | Alkaline fuel cell |
| US9190678B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2015-11-17 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Alkaline fuel cell and alkaline fuel cell system |
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